Water management, rice varieties and mycorrhizal inoculation influence arsenic concentration and speciation in rice grains

Continuous cropping of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) deplete soil fertility and reduce crop productivity as well as zinc (Zn) concentrations in rice grains and straw. Low Zn concentrations in rice grains have a negative impact on human health, while low Zn concertation in rice straw creates a nutritional problem for animals. The current high yielding rice varieties and hybrids remove large quantities of Zn from the soils, lowering the residual concentrations of soil Zn for the subsequent crop (e.g., wheat). Field experiments were conducted on farmers field in Malakand with the objective to evaluate the impact of various combinations of phosphorus (0, 40, 80, and 120 kg ha−1) and Zn levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 kg ha−1) on biofortification of Zn in grains and straw of rice genotypes [fine (Bamati-385) vs. coarse (Fakhre-e-Malakand and Pukhraj)]. The results revealed that Zn biofortification in rice genotypes increased with the integrated use of both nutrients (P + Zn) when applied at higher rates (80 and 120 kg P ha−1, and 10 and 15 kg Zn ha−1, respectively). The biofortification of Zn in both grains and straw was higher in the coarse than fine rice genotypes (Pukhraj > Fakhre-e-Malakand > Basmati-385). It was concluded from this study that the application of higher P and Zn levels increased Zn contents in rice parts (grains and straw) under the rice-wheat system. We also concluded from this study that Zn concentrations in rice grains and straw are influenced by plant genetic factors and Zn management practices.

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Arsenate-Resistant Genes in Egyptian Rice Cultivars as Soil Pollution Sensors

10.20944/preprints201706.0086.v1 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Elsayed E. Hafez ◽

Ebtesam A. El. Bestawy ◽

Mohamed A. Rashad ◽

Sayed M. Hassan

Keyword(s):

Soil Pollution ◽

Messenger Rna ◽

Basal Medium ◽

Rice Cultivar ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Arbitrary Primers ◽

Barr Virus ◽

Rice Grains ◽

Resistant Genes

The main objective of the present study was to investigate arsenate [As (V)] resistance genes in rice cultivars grown in arsenic contaminated Egyptian soil in order to genetically induce resistance against arsenic in the local rice varieties as well as defining contaminated rice grains and/or soil. Three local rice cultivars; Sakha 102-104 were cultivated on modified Murashige and Skoog Basal Medium (MS medium) containing elevated concentrations of arsenate (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/l). The three varieties showed different resistant attitudes against arsenate with Sakha 104 being the most resistant. Extracted messenger RNA (mRNA) from treated and untreated Sakha 104 plantlets was scanned using differential display to demonstrate the arsenate resistant genes using three different arbitrary primers. About 100 different RNAs with (1500 bp - 50 bp) were obtained from which seven were up-regulated genes, subjected to DNA cloning using TOPO TA system and the selected clones were sequenced. The sequence analysis described four genes out of the seven namely disease resistance protein RPM1, Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-1-like, CwfJ family protein and outer membrane lipoprotein OmlA while the other three genes were hypothetical proteins. It is concluded the four induced genes in the resistant rice cultivar considered as a direct response to arsenic soil pollution. Genes detected in the present study can be used as geno-sensors for rice grains and soil contamination with As (V). Moreover, local rice cultivars may be genetically modified with such genes to induce high resistance and to overcome arsenic soil pollution.

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Impact of Water Management on Rice Varieties, Yield, and Water Productivity under the System of Rice Intensification in Southern Taiwan

Water ◽

10.3390/w9010003 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 3 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Victoriano Pascual ◽

Yu-Min Wang

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Water Productivity ◽

System Of Rice Intensification ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Rice Intensification ◽

Southern Taiwan

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Optimal Soil Eh, pH, and Water Management for Simultaneously Minimizing Arsenic and Cadmium Concentrations in Rice Grains

Environmental Science & Technology ◽

10.1021/acs.est.5b05424 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (8) ◽

pp. 4178-4185 ◽

Cited By ~ 141

Author(s):

Toshimitsu Honma ◽

Hirotomo Ohba ◽

Ayako Kaneko-Kadokura ◽

Tomoyuki Makino ◽

Ken Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Rice Grains

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Comparative analyses of the nutraceutical potentialities of selected Indian traditional black rice (Oryza sativa L.) landraces

ORYZA- An International Journal on Rice ◽

10.35709/ory.2021.58.2.6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 295-309

Author(s):

Priyabrata Roy ◽

Debal Deb ◽

Thalappil Pradeep ◽

Subhra Talai-Mukhopadhyay ◽

Anjan Kumar Sinha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Content ◽

Oryza Sativa L ◽

Pantothenic Acid ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Lipid Levels ◽

Black Rice ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

White Rice ◽

Rice Grains ◽

Nutraceutical Properties

The present investigation aims to explore the importance of some traditional black rice varieties with their nutraceutical properties. The beneficial properties of these varieties remain unknown to the majority of the population due to the inadequate data. Decorticated rice grains of four black rice varieties were evaluated and compared with two commonly consumed white rice varieties - Gobindabhog (traditional aromatic) and BPT 5204 (modern high yielding variety). The sugars and total lipid levels were similar in Gobindabhog and BPT 5204. The black rice varieties, however, had considerably greater protein, thiamin, riboflavin, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, and antimicrobial activities compared to the two selected white rice varieties. The ICPMS analysis of black rice grains showed that the former also had higher levels of Mn, Fe, and Zn than the white rice varieties. However, BPT 5204 contained a greater amount of Cu than the black rice varieties. Total flavonoid and phenolic content, as well as antioxidant potentiality of black rice varieties were also considerably higher than those of the white rice varieties.

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Strategic Ground Water Management Planning for Rice Field in Rangpur Division, Bangladesh

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.14.2.16 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 320-325

Author(s):

Md. Tareq Bin Salam ◽

S. M. Shahriar Zaman ◽

Md. Nuralom ◽

Mehjabin Hossain

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Ground Water ◽

Rice Field ◽

Management Strategies ◽

Irrigation Scheduling ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Surface Water Resources ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

Set Up ◽

Water Management Planning

Bangladesh is a land of agriculture and attain near self-sufficiency in rice production. In terms of rice, national output increased over 15 million tons in the last two decades. For obtaining this self sufficiency, groundwater accessibility is continuously increasing that results in expansion of deep and shallow tube wells. Available evidence suggests that the policy focus so far has been largely on “resource development”, and not on “resource management”. This has resulted in serious problems, most notably excessive drawdown in intensively irrigated areas, and the deterioration of groundwater quality. Due to this, an extensive field survey was carried out in Rangpur division (Country’s Northern part) during the year of 2018 to observe the ground water table depletion status in rice field and set up some top most strategies for reviving these problems in a sustainable way. It can be suggested that attention must be given to the development and management of surface water resources to ease pressure on groundwater. Apart from that, focus should be given on optimizing crop water demand through increasing water use efficiency by adopting water conserving management strategies and practices. As per authors’ suggestion, 6 basic strategies can be taken for long term sustainability of ground water management in Rangpur division. The strategies are: 1) Initiate right choice of rice varieties for the season 2) Implement modern water management technology (alternate wetting and drying (AWD), cut off Ratio) 3) Adopting Irrigation scheduling 4) Introduce organic fertilization 5) Apply rain water harvesting and 6) reservoir management.

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Elemental Analysis of Popular Zinc Rich Rice Varieties using ESEM and ICP-OES

Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia ◽

10.13005/bbra/2917 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 305-311

Author(s):

Swapan Kumar Tripathy ◽

Sambit Patra

Keyword(s):

Elemental Composition ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Environmental Scanning ◽

Icp Oes ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Rice Grains ◽

Food Animal ◽

Husk Rice ◽

Rice Genotypes ◽

Scanning Electron

A comparative study was carried out for elemental composition of grains of eight popular rice genotypes. The Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) setup was used to explore type and quantity of surface elements in various layers of rice grains. The main constituents are carbon and oxygen, with elements like Al and Si being prominently found on the husk. Rice kernels serve as staple food. We found that the top surface layer of whole rice kernel is rich in carbon compared to oxygen, but oxygen content increased in the internal area of kernel (endosperm in broken kernel) in all test genotypes. Further, our ESEM results showed that the husk of grain consists of more elements than the seed part. Though most of the above rice varieties are Zn and/or Fe rich, the ESEM facility could not identify them. ICP-OES analysis revealed Nagina-22 and R-RHZ-7 as highly zinc and iron rich rice varieties respectively. The knowledge of elemental composition of husk and whole kernel may pave the way for their effective uses in biofortification programme and as such for use as food, animal feed and industrial purposes.

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PENGELOLAAN AIR, BAHAN ORGANIK DAN VARIETAS ADAPTIF UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL PADI DI LAHAN RAWA PASANG SURUT

BERITA BIOLOGI ◽

10.14203/beritabiologi.v16i1.2268 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Koesrini Koesrini ◽

Khairil Anwar

Keyword(s):

Water Management ◽

Organic Matter ◽

Quality Improvement ◽

Rice Yield ◽

Iron Toxicity ◽

Management Control ◽

Rice Varieties ◽

Tidal Swamp ◽

Soil Quality Improvement ◽

Plot Design

Iron toxicity is a factor causing low rice yield on tidal swamp land (TSL).Soil quality improvement by using water management, organic matter and introducing adaptable varietywere some options to increaseits productivity in the soils. Field experiment was conducted to evaluate effects of applying water management, organic matter and adaptable variety to increase its productivity on a TSL of KP Belandean, Barito Kuala District of South Kalimantan, during dry season of 2010. The research was arranged in a split-split-plot design with three replicates. The main plots were two water management, i.e: P0 = without water management (control) and P1= intermittent water management, while sub plots were three organic matter application, i.e: B0 = without organic matter application (control), B1 = straw compost 3 t/ha, B2 = manure 2 t/ha, and sub sub plots were five rice varieties, i.e. V1 = Mekongga, V2 = Inpari 1, V3 = Ciherang, V4 = Silugonggo and V5 = Margasari. The result showed that there was interaction between water management and variety tested on rice yield in TSL. The highest yield was reached by Inpari 1 variety which treatment intermitten water management, with yield i.e. 5.390 t/ ha.Silugonggo and Ciherang was not suitable to cultivate on TSL. The implication of this research was variety recomendation on a tidal swamp land, i.e. Inpari 1 variety and intermitten water management.

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