Brine shrimp lethality and acute toxicity tests of different hydro-methanol extracts of Anacardium occidentale using in vitro and in vivo models: a preliminary study

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 1717-1721
Author(s):  
Jacinta Ngozi Omeke ◽  
Aruh Ottah Anaga ◽  
John Arinze Okoye
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Anacardium Occidentale ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Preliminary Study

In Vitro and In Vivo Adsorption Stud ies of Diazinon

1993 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
O.E. Orisakwe ◽  
N. Obi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Activated Charcoal ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
No Adsorption ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

The in vitro and in vivo adsorption of diazinon to two brands of activated charcoal and locally produced carbon black (N220) has been studied. Solutions of diazinon 10, 20 and 40 μg ml-1 were prepared in distilled water and different quantities of adsorbent added. Diazinon-adsorbent slurries were vortex mixed, centrifuged and analysed for free diazinon spectrophotometrically at 241 nm. Small quantities of activated charcoal (AC) and carbon black (CB) showed little or no adsorption of diazinon, while 1000 mg of either AC or CB was able to take up more than 70% at all concentrations of diazinon tested. In acute toxicity tests in mice the optimal adsorbent: diazinon ratio was 8:1 when the animals were treated with 45 mg kg-1 diazinon after immediate, 1, and 3 h post administration of the adsorbent.

scholarly journals Clavanin A Improves Outcome of Complications from Different Bacterial Infections

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1620-1626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osmar N. Silva ◽  
Isabel C. M. Fensterseifer ◽  
Elaine A. Rodrigues ◽  
Hortência H. S. Holanda ◽  
Natasha R. F. Novaes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wound Model ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests

ABSTRACTThe rapid increase in the incidence of multidrug-resistant infections today has led to enormous interest in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as suitable compounds for developing unusual antibiotics. In this study, clavanin A, an antimicrobial peptide previously isolated from the marine tunicateStyela clava, was selected as a purposeful molecule that could be used in controlling infection and further synthesized. Clavanin A wasin vitroevaluated againstStaphylococcus aureusandEscherichia colias well as toward L929 mouse fibroblasts and skin primary cells (SPCs). Moreover, this peptide was challenged here in anin vivowound and sepsis model, and the immune response was also analyzed. Despite displaying clearin vitroantimicrobial activity toward Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, clavanin A showed no cytotoxic activities against mammalian cells, and in acute toxicity tests, no adverse reaction was observed at any of the concentrations. Moreover, clavanin A significantly reduced theS. aureusCFU in an experimental wound model. This peptide also reduced the mortality of mice infected withE. coliandS. aureusby 80% compared with that of control animals (treated with phosphate-buffered saline [PBS]): these data suggest that clavanin A prevents the start of sepsis and thereby reduces mortality. These data suggest that clavanin A is an AMP that could improve the development of novel peptide-based strategies for the treatment of wound and sepsis infections.

IN VIVO AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF Hedychium coccineum RHIZOMES EXTRACT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-342
Author(s):  
Sadia Islam Nishi ◽  
◽  
Niloy Barua ◽  
Mohammed Aktar Sayeed ◽  
Abu Montakim Tareq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Motility ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Anthelmintic Activity ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality

The study reports the in vivo antidiarrheal and in vitro anthelmintic, cytotoxic, and thrombolytic activity of methanol extract of Hedychium coccineum rhizomes (MEHC). The antidiarrheal activity was determined using Castor oil-induced diarrhea and Gastrointestinal motility test in mice at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, whereas an aquarium worm, Tubifex tubifex, was used to determine the anthelmintic activity. The cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity of MEHC was performed by Brine shrimp lethality bioassay and clot lysis method respectively. In antidiarrheal, castor oil-induced diarrhea and gastrointestinal motility exhibited a significant reduction in diarrhea and defecation and an extremely significant inhibition in intestinal motility and peristalsis index by 200 and 400 mg/kg of MEHC. The MEHC (5, 10, and 20 mg/mL) showed a significant dose-dependent manner paralysis time and times to death in multiple comparisons to the different levamisole concentrations (0.5, 0.8, and 1 mg/mL) at in vitro anthelmintic activity. The brine shrimp lethality bioassay exhibited a weak LC50 (681.95 µg/mL; R² = 0.951) while in thrombolytic a significant percentage of clot lysis (32.70%, P < 0.05) demonstrated. The findings demonstrate that H. coccineum rhizomes could be potential sources for biological activity.

scholarly journals Comparison of in vitro (fish cell line) and in vivo (fish and crustacean) acute toxicity tests in aquatic toxicology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kolarova ◽  
J Velisek ◽  
Z Svobodova
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Fish Cell

The use of in vitro (fish cell lines) is a cost-effective, very rapid, and informative tool for toxicological assessments. Using the neutral red (NR) assay, we compared the in vitro acute toxicity (20hEC50) of twenty-six chemical substances on a rainbow trout gonad cell line (RTG-2) with their in vivo acute toxicity to Barbados Millions Poecilia reticulata (48hLC50, OECD 203) and crustacean Daphnia magna (48hEC50, OECD 202). The 20hEC50 values obtained by the NR assay were higher in nearly all the cases when compared to the 48hLC50 in P. reticulata and the 48hEC50 in D. magna, indicating that the sensitivity of the RTG-2 cell line was lower compared to P. reticulata and D. magna. A high (r = 0.89) and significant (P &lt; 0.001) correlation was recorded between the 20hEC50 values of the RTG-2 and the 48hEC50 values of D. magna. The correlation between the 20hEC50 values of the RTG-2 and the 48hLC50 values of P. reticulata was lower (r = 0.65; P &lt; 0.001), but also significant. The authors recommend use of the NR assay on the RTG-2 cell lines as a screening protocol to evaluate the toxicity of xenobiotics in aquatic environments to narrow the spectrum of the concentrations for the fish toxicity test.

scholarly journals Hemolysis of Human Erythrocytes by Argovit™ AgNPs from Healthy and Diabetic Donors: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2792
Author(s):  
Roberto Luna-Vázquez-Gómez ◽  
María Evarista Arellano-García ◽  
Juan Carlos García-Ramos ◽  
Patricia Radilla-Chávez ◽  
David Sergio Salas-Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hemolysis Assay ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Hemolytic Effect

The use of nanomaterials is becoming increasingly widespread, leading to substantial research focused on nanomedicine. Nevertheless, the lack of complete toxicity profiles limits nanomaterials’ uses, despite their remarkable diagnostic and therapeutic results on in vitro and in vivo models. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), particularly Argovit™, have shown microbicidal, virucidal, and antitumoral effects. Among the first-line toxicity tests is the hemolysis assay. Here, the hemolytic effect of Argovit™ AgNPs on erythrocytes from one healthy donor (HDE) and one diabetic donor (DDE) is evaluated by the hemolysis assay against AgNO3. The results showed that Argovit™, in concentrations ≤24 µg/mL of metallic silver, did not show a hemolytic effect on the HDE or DDE. On the contrary, AgNO3 at the same concentration of silver ions produces more than 10% hemolysis in both the erythrocyte types. In all the experimental conditions assessed, the DDE was shown to be more prone to hemolysis than the HDE elicited by Ag+ ions or AgNPs, but much more evident with Ag+ ions. The results show that Argovit™ is the least hemolytic compared with the other twenty-two AgNP formulations previously reported, probably due to the polymer mass used to stabilize the Argovit™ formulation. The results obtained provide relevant information that contributes to obtaining a comprehensive toxicological profile to design safe and effective AgNP formulations.

scholarly journals Assessment of genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of an aqueous extract of Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala in in vitro and in vivo models

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suphachai Charoensin ◽  
Sirinya Taya ◽  
Sugunya Wongpornchai ◽  
Rawiwan Wongpoomchai
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Micronucleus Formation

ABSTRACT Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala, an edible fruit found in Northern Thailand, contains high amounts of phenolic compounds with invitro antioxidant activity. The aqueous extract of the ripe fruit was evaluated for its safety and beneficial effects using genotoxicity and toxicity tests. The C. nervosum extract was not only non-mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 in the presence and absence of metabolic activation, but exhibited also moderate antimutagenic effects against aflatoxin B1 and 2-amino- 3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f ]quinoline-induced mutagenesis. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric analysis revealed the major anthocyanins, which included cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-5-glucoside. The administration of C.nervosum at concentration of 5,000 mg/kg bw did not induce acute toxicity in rats. A liver micronucleus test was performed to detect clastogenicity and anticlastogenicity. The extract in the dose of 1,000 mg/kg did not cause micronucleus formation in the liver of rats. Furthermore, in rats administered 100-1,000 mg/kg of the extract, no anticlastogenic effect against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic micronucleus formation was observed. These studies provide data concerning the safety and antimutagenic potency of an aqueous extract of C. nervosum fruit.

scholarly journals Production and Characterization of Chitooligosaccharides: Evaluation of Acute Toxicity, Healing, and Anti-Inflammatory Actions

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10631
Author(s):  
Rafael Caetano Lisbôa Castro de Andrade ◽  
Nathália Kelly de Araújo ◽  
Manoela Torres-Rêgo ◽  
Allanny Alves Furtado ◽  
Alessandra Daniele-Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Wound Repair ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Fibroblast Migration ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Two Stages

The search for promising biomolecules such as chitooligosaccharides (COS) has increased due to the need for healing products that act efficiently, avoiding complications resulting from exacerbated inflammation. Therefore, this study aimed to produce COS in two stages of hydrolysis using chitosanases derived from Bacillus toyonensis. Additionally, this study aimed to structurally characterize the COS via mass spectrometry, to analyze their biocompatibility in acute toxicity models in vivo, to evaluate their healing action in a cell migration model in vitro, to analyze the anti-inflammatory activity in in vivo models of xylol-induced ear edema and zymosan-induced air pouch, and to assess the wound repair action in vivo. The structural characterization process pointed out the presence of hexamers. The in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility of COS was reaffirmed. The COS stimulated the fibroblast migration. In the in vivo inflammatory assays, COS showed an antiedematogenic response and significant reductions in leukocyte migration, cytokine release, and protein exudate. The COS healing effect in vivo was confirmed by the significant wound reduction after seven days of the experiment. These results indicated that the presence of hexamers influences the COS biological properties, which have potential uses in the pharmaceutical field due to their healing and anti-inflammatory action.

scholarly journals Antihyperlipidemic Potential of Polyphenol and Glycoside RichNerium oleanderFlower against Triton WR-1339-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Experimental Sprague Dawley Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Gayathri ◽  
S. Ananthi ◽  
Hannah R. Vasanthi
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay ◽  
Triton Wr 1339 ◽  
Lipids And Lipoproteins

Nerium oleanderLinn. (NO), an evergreen cardiac glycoside-rich shrub is used as folklore medicine in China to treat many diseases. It exhibits a wide spectrum of bioactivities but there were not much scientific reports on the bioactivity ofN. oleanderflowers. In the present study, we have evaluated the toxicity profile of the 50% hydroethanolic extracts ofNerium oleanderflowers (ENO) usingin vitrobrine shrimp lethality assay and MTT cytotoxicity assay andin vivoacute toxicity test as per the OECD guidelines. The antihyperlipidemic activity of the ENO was also studied using Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipemic rats and compared with standard Atorvastatin.In vitrobrine shrimp, MTT cytotoxic assay, andin vivoacute toxicity assays showed a wide safety margin which has been evidenced through its lethal concentration (LC50: 795.46 μg/mL) and growth inhibition (GI50: 993.60 μg/ml) values. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins were significantly elevated by the intraperitoneal injection of Triton WR 1339 in hyperlipidemic rats at 6th and 24th hour. ENO pretreatment showed a significant ameliorative action on elevated lipids and lipoproteins in a dose-dependent manner when compared to standard. Altogether, the results prove thatNerium oleanderflowers are not toxic at the tested doses and exhibit antilipimic activity.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Efficacy and Toxicological Assessment of Extracts of Some Ghanaian Medicinal Plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Konney Laryea ◽  
Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Toxicological Assessment

The economic costs associated with morbidity and mortality due to malaria and malaria associated complications in many sub-Saharan countries and other malaria endemic regions of the world are huge. Reports of emergence of parasite resistance to current malaria drugs have complicated malaria treatment and require the development of new therapeutic agents. The folkloric use of medicinal plants for the management of malaria is well documented. This work evaluated the antiplasmodial activities and toxicity of some medicinal plants used to treat malaria and malaria-like symptoms in Ghana. Plant extracts were obtained by cold maceration in 70% ethanol. Antiplasmodial efficacies were assessed in vitro against 3 strains of Plasmodium falciparum strains (FCM, W2, and CAM06) and in vivo via the 4-day suppressive test in Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Cytotoxicity and acute toxicity were assessed in mammalian cells and mice, respectively. All extracts were active against at least one of the Plasmodium falciparum strains in in vitro evaluations with IC50’s in the range of 4–116 μg/mL, whereas Bidens pilosa extracts, with a chemosuppression rate of 75%, was the most active plant in the in vivo experiments. All plant extracts displayed very weak to no cytotoxicity against the mammalian cell line used and exhibited very good selectivity towards the Plasmodium parasites. Syzygium guineense and Parinari congensis extracts were the most toxic in the acute toxicity tests. Altogether, the results indicate that the medicinal plants do possess impressive antiplasmodial properties and provide scientific basis for their use in traditional herbal medicine.

Photobacterium phosphoreum Toxicity Data Index

1991 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus L.E. Kaiser ◽  
Virginia S. Palabrica
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Photobacterium Phosphoreum ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Toxicity Data ◽  
Luminescent Bacteria ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Luminescent Bacteria Bioassay ◽  
Chemical Abstracts Service

Abstract This toxicity data index gives a compilation of some 1350 acute toxicity data of individual organic compounds for the luminescent marine bacterium Photobacterium phosphoreum, commonly known as Microtox™ test. The index contains 5-min, 15-min and 30-min toxicity data in both logarithmic (log (L/mmol) and non-logarithmic (mg/L) formats for approximately 1300 chemicals sorted by Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) accession numbers. In addition to the toxicity data, this index reviews correlations of the luminescent bacteria toxicity test data with a multitude of other acute toxicity tests on aquatic and terrestrial species, with emphasis on the 96-hr acute lethality data of 200 individual chemicals to the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). A high collinearity between these two tests is demonstrated over nearly ten orders of magnitude in toxicity variation as expressed on a molar basis for compounds acting with several known toxicity mechanisms. These results indicate the usefulness of the luminescent bacteria bioassay as a simple, fast and comparatively inexpensive alternative to in-vivo bioassays with higher organisms.

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