scholarly journals Hemolysis of Human Erythrocytes by Argovit™ AgNPs from Healthy and Diabetic Donors: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2792
Author(s):  
Roberto Luna-Vázquez-Gómez ◽  
María Evarista Arellano-García ◽  
Juan Carlos García-Ramos ◽  
Patricia Radilla-Chávez ◽  
David Sergio Salas-Vargas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Metallic Silver ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Hemolysis Assay ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Hemolytic Effect

The use of nanomaterials is becoming increasingly widespread, leading to substantial research focused on nanomedicine. Nevertheless, the lack of complete toxicity profiles limits nanomaterials’ uses, despite their remarkable diagnostic and therapeutic results on in vitro and in vivo models. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), particularly Argovit™, have shown microbicidal, virucidal, and antitumoral effects. Among the first-line toxicity tests is the hemolysis assay. Here, the hemolytic effect of Argovit™ AgNPs on erythrocytes from one healthy donor (HDE) and one diabetic donor (DDE) is evaluated by the hemolysis assay against AgNO3. The results showed that Argovit™, in concentrations ≤24 µg/mL of metallic silver, did not show a hemolytic effect on the HDE or DDE. On the contrary, AgNO3 at the same concentration of silver ions produces more than 10% hemolysis in both the erythrocyte types. In all the experimental conditions assessed, the DDE was shown to be more prone to hemolysis than the HDE elicited by Ag+ ions or AgNPs, but much more evident with Ag+ ions. The results show that Argovit™ is the least hemolytic compared with the other twenty-two AgNP formulations previously reported, probably due to the polymer mass used to stabilize the Argovit™ formulation. The results obtained provide relevant information that contributes to obtaining a comprehensive toxicological profile to design safe and effective AgNP formulations.

scholarly journals Boar sperm tyrosine phosphorylation patterns in the presence of oviductal epithelial cells: in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo models

Reproduction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 146 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria Luño ◽  
Rebeca López-Úbeda ◽  
Francisco Alberto García-Vázquez ◽  
Lydia Gil ◽  
Carmen Matás
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cell Populations ◽  
Protein Tyrosine Phosphorylation ◽  
Sperm Capacitation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
In Vivo Models

Spermatozoa transport through the oviduct is a controlled process that regulates sperm capacitation. A crucial event involved in capacitation is protein tyrosine phosphorylation (TP). This study was undertaken to determine whether similarities exist in protein TP distribution between spermatozoa bound or unbound to oviductal epithelial cells (OEC) in three different conditions: i)in vitro, spermatozoa coincubated with OEC cultures; ii)ex vivo, spermatozoa deposited in porcine oviductal explants from slaughtered animals; iii)in vivo, in which sows were inseminated and the oviduct was recovered. The localization of phosphotyrosine protein was determined using indirect immunofluorescence. The distribution of protein TP was significantly (P<0.05) different between bound and unbound cell populations in all experiments. In sows inseminated close to ovulation, spermatozoa were found mainly in the utero–tubal junction, where spermatozoa exhibited higher proportion of flagellum phosphorylation. Spermatozoa not bound to OEC exhibited high levels of protein phosphorylation (phosphorylated equatorial subsegment and acrosome and/or phosphorylated flagellum) in theex vivoandin vivoexperiments (P<0.05). However, unbound spermatozoa coincubated with OEC inin vitroconditions tended to show intermediate levels of TP (equatorial subsegment with or without phosphorylated flagellum). In spermatozoa bound to OEC, protein TP was located in the equatorial subsegment or presented no phosphorylation (P<0.05). Although sperm capacitation conditionsin vivowere not reproduciblein vitroin our experimental conditions, sperm and OEC binding seemed to be a mechanism for selecting spermatozoa with a low level of TP inin vivo,ex vivo, andin vitroexperiments.

scholarly journals Assessment of genotoxicity and antigenotoxicity of an aqueous extract of Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala in in vitro and in vivo models

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suphachai Charoensin ◽  
Sirinya Taya ◽  
Sugunya Wongpornchai ◽  
Rawiwan Wongpoomchai
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Micronucleus Test ◽  
Metabolic Activation ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Spectrometric Analysis ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Micronucleus Formation

ABSTRACT Cleistocalyx nervosum var. paniala, an edible fruit found in Northern Thailand, contains high amounts of phenolic compounds with invitro antioxidant activity. The aqueous extract of the ripe fruit was evaluated for its safety and beneficial effects using genotoxicity and toxicity tests. The C. nervosum extract was not only non-mutagenic in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 in the presence and absence of metabolic activation, but exhibited also moderate antimutagenic effects against aflatoxin B1 and 2-amino- 3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f ]quinoline-induced mutagenesis. Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometric analysis revealed the major anthocyanins, which included cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-5-glucoside. The administration of C.nervosum at concentration of 5,000 mg/kg bw did not induce acute toxicity in rats. A liver micronucleus test was performed to detect clastogenicity and anticlastogenicity. The extract in the dose of 1,000 mg/kg did not cause micronucleus formation in the liver of rats. Furthermore, in rats administered 100-1,000 mg/kg of the extract, no anticlastogenic effect against diethylnitrosamine-induced hepatic micronucleus formation was observed. These studies provide data concerning the safety and antimutagenic potency of an aqueous extract of C. nervosum fruit.

scholarly journals Hydrogels as Drug Delivery Systems: A Review of Current Characterization and Evaluation Techniques

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1188
Author(s):  
Margaux Vigata ◽  
Christoph Meinert ◽  
Dietmar W. Hutmacher ◽  
Nathalie Bock
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Delivery Systems ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Local Drug Delivery ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
In Vivo Models

Owing to their tunable properties, controllable degradation, and ability to protect labile drugs, hydrogels are increasingly investigated as local drug delivery systems. However, a lack of standardized methodologies used to characterize and evaluate drug release poses significant difficulties when comparing findings from different investigations, preventing an accurate assessment of systems. Here, we review the commonly used analytical techniques for drug detection and quantification from hydrogel delivery systems. The experimental conditions of drug release in saline solutions and their impact are discussed, along with the main mathematical and statistical approaches to characterize drug release profiles. We also review methods to determine drug diffusion coefficients and in vitro and in vivo models used to assess drug release and efficacy with the goal to provide guidelines and harmonized practices when investigating novel hydrogel drug delivery systems.

scholarly journals Nanohydroxyapatite as a Biomaterial for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration after Mechanical Damage—In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4454
Author(s):  
Benita Wiatrak ◽  
Paulina Sobierajska ◽  
Marta Szandruk-Bender ◽  
Paulina Jawien ◽  
Maciej Janeczek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Length ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Neuronal Cultures ◽  
Free Oxygen Radicals ◽  
Primary Neuronal Cultures ◽  
In Vivo Models

Hydroxyapatite has been used in medicine for many years as a biomaterial or a cover for other biomaterials in orthopedics and dentistry. This study characterized the physicochemical properties (structure, particle size and morphology, surface properties) of Li+- and Li+/Eu3+-doped nanohydroxyapatite obtained using the wet chemistry method. The potential regenerative properties against neurite damage in cultures of neuron-like cells (SH-SY5Y and PC12 after differentiation) were also studied. The effect of nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) on the induction of repair processes in cell cultures was assessed in tests of metabolic activity, the level of free oxygen radicals and nitric oxide, and the average length of neurites. The study showed that nanohydroxyapatite influences the increase in mitochondrial activity, which is correlated with the increase in the length of neurites. It has been shown that the doping of nanohydroxyapatite with Eu3+ ions enhances the antioxidant properties of the tested nanohydroxyapatite. These basic studies indicate its potential application in the treatment of neurite damage. These studies should be continued in primary neuronal cultures and then with in vivo models.

scholarly journals Secretome of Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells (ASCs) as a Novel Trend in Chronic Non-Healing Wounds: An Overview of Experimental In Vitro and In Vivo Studies and Methodological Variables

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Lombardi ◽  
Paola Palumbo ◽  
Francesca Rosaria Augello ◽  
Maria Grazia Cifone ◽  
Benedetta Cinque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Healing Wounds

Wound healing is a complex process with a linear development that involves many actors in a multistep timeline commonly divided into four stages: Hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Chronic non-healing wounds fail to progress beyond the inflammatory phase, thus precluding the next steps and, ultimately, wound repair. Many intrinsic or extrinsic factors may contribute to such an occurrence, including patient health conditions, age-related diseases, metabolic deficiencies, advanced age, mechanical pressure, and infections. Great interest is being focused on the adipose tissue-derived stem cell’s (ASC) paracrine activity for its potential therapeutic impact on chronic non-healing wounds. In this review, we summarize the results of in vitro and in vivo experimental studies on the pro-wound healing effects of ASC-secretome and/or extracellular vesicles (EVs). To define an overall picture of the available literature data, experimental conditions and applied methodologies are described as well as the in vitro and in vivo models chosen in the reported studies. Even if a comparative analysis of the results obtained by the different groups is challenging due to the large variability of experimental conditions, the available findings are undoubtedly encouraging and fully support the use of cell-free therapies for the treatment of chronic non-healing wounds.

Surgeon Ability to Appropriately Address the Calcified Cartilage Layer: An In Vitro Study of Arthroscopic and Open Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (11) ◽  
pp. 2584-2588
Author(s):  
Adam B. Yanke ◽  
Andrew S. Lee ◽  
Vasili Karas ◽  
Geoffrey Abrams ◽  
Mark L. Riccio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Cartilage Layer ◽  
Calcified Cartilage ◽  
Restoration Technique ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Microfracture is a commonly utilized cartilage restoration technique for articular cartilage defects. While the removal of the calcified cartilage layer (CCL) has been shown to be critical with in vivo models, little is known with regard to surgeon reliability to adequately perform the technique. Purpose: To evaluate surgeon reliability in removing the CCL utilizing open and arthroscopic techniques. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Eleven cadaveric knees were utilized to create four 12-mm diameter defects in the anterior and posterior medial femoral condyles. Eleven fellowship-trained surgeons were asked to perform the following procedures: remove the CCL open, retain the CCL open, remove the CCL arthroscopically, and retain the CCL arthroscopically. Samples underwent histologic staining and analysis with 3-dimensional micro–computed tomography. The latter was used to calculate the percentage of the CCL that was removed or retained across the entire defect. Results: When surgeons were asked to retain the CCL arthroscopically, 48% ± 41% (mean ± SD) remained. When surgeons were asked to remove the CCL arthroscopically, 24% ± 35% remained. There was no statistical difference between these groups ( P > .05). When the CCL was retained during open preparation, 60% ± 39% remained. During attempts to remove the CCL in an open manner, 19% ± 28% remained. There was a significant difference in the amount of CCL remaining between the open removal and open retaining groups ( P = .03). There were no significant differences in the percentage of CCL remaining between the open and arthroscopic preservation groups and between the open and arthroscopic removal groups. Conclusion/Clinical Relevance: This study highlights the significant variability in surgeon ability to reliably retain or remove the CCL. However, there appears to be improved ability of surgeons to more reliably remove or retain the CCL in an open fashion as compared with the arthroscopic approach.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Models to Assess the Immune-Related Effects of Nanomaterials

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 11769
Author(s):  
Diana Boraschi ◽  
Dongjie Li ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Paola Italiani
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
3D Models ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages

The immunological safety of drugs, nanomaterials and contaminants is a central point in the regulatory evaluation and safety monitoring of working and public places and of the environment. In fact, anomalies in immune responses may cause diseases and hamper the physical and functional integrity of living organisms, from plants to human beings. In the case of nanomaterials, many experimental models are used for assessing their immunosafety, some of which have been adopted by regulatory bodies. All of them, however, suffer from shortcomings and approximations, and may be inaccurate in representing real-life responses, thereby leading to incomplete, incorrect or even misleading predictions. Here, we review the advantages and disadvantages of current nanoimmunosafety models, comparing in vivo vs. in vitro models and examining the use of animal vs. human cells, primary vs. transformed cells, complex multicellular and 3D models, organoids and organs-on-chip, in view of implementing a reliable and personalized nanoimmunosafety testing. The general conclusion is that the choice of testing models is key for obtaining reliable predictive information, and therefore special attention should be devoted to selecting the most relevant and realistic suite of models in order to generate relevant information that can allow for safer-by-design nanotechnological developments.

scholarly journals Stimulation of metastatic activity of breast cancer cells by plasma exosomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-15
Author(s):  
R. B. Samsonov ◽  
I. M. Kovalenko ◽  
D. A. Vasilyev ◽  
E. V. Tsyrlina ◽  
G. A. Dashan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Cells ◽  
Malignant Cell ◽  
Cell Phenotype ◽  
Scattering Method ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
In Vivo Models

Background. Malignant phenotype of cancer cells and metastatic potency of the tumor are determined by genetic factors. In addition, normal biological environment, including the nano-vesicles or exosomes, plays an important role in regulation of the structural and functional characteristics of malignant cells. Objective: presented study was aimed to evaluate mechanisms and to estimate effect of interaction of plasma exosomes and breast cancer cells in experimental conditions. Materials and methods. We used breast cancer cell culture MDA-MB-231 and exosomes isolated from plasma and cultural medium. Exosomes were analyzed by dynamic light scattering method and western blotting. Functional effects of exosomes were evaluated in in vitro and in vivo models. Results. In the present study we demonstrated that plasma exosomes stimulate the adhesion and the motility of breast cancer cells and induce the process of metastatic dissemination. Contact interaction of exosomes with cell surface is sufficient for stimulatory effect that is mediated by exosomal fibronectin and FAK-dependent signaling cascade. Conclusions. Further investigation of plasma exosomes structure and functions is required to better understand their input in regulation of malignant cell phenotype. This research has a potential to provide novel approaches for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Efficacy of a Novel Medical Adhesive for Sealing Lung Parenchyma: An in vitro Study in Rabbit Lungs

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kalverkamp ◽  
Anna Mantas ◽  
Jan Spillner ◽  
Flutura Hima ◽  
Stephanie Sarah Kanzler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Lung Parenchyma ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Air Leak ◽  
In Vivo Models ◽  
Suture Group ◽  
Surgical Sutures ◽  
Medical Adhesive

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> During thoracic resection procedures, complete hemostasis and aerostasis are priorities. A persistent alveolar air leak is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rates. This study aimed to evaluate whether the novel medical adhesive VIVO (Adhesys Medical GmbH Aachen, Germany) is a reliable alternative sealing technique to routine surgical procedures. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> We conducted an in vitro animal study by analyzing 21 lungs of New Zealand (<i>n</i> = 19) and Chinchilla Bastard (<i>n</i> = 2) rabbits (age, 11–18 weeks; weight, 2,400–3,600 g). Three groups, each comprising 7 animals, were evaluated. VIVO (VIVO-group) was compared with standard surgical lung parenchymal lesion closure with a polypropylene suture (Suture-group) and TachoSil® (TachoSil-group). We adopted a stable, pressure-controlled ventilation protocol. After explantation, a surgical incision 0.5-cm deep and 1.5-cm wide was made in the lungs using a customized template. Air leak was measured quantitatively (mL/min) using a respirator and visualized qualitatively by 2 observers who made independent judgments. Next, the leak was closed using VIVO, suture, or TachoSil® as specified by the manufacturer. Subsequently, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and inspiratory pressure were gradually increased until a maximum of 15 and 30 mbar were attained, respectively. <b><i>Results:</i></b> At PEEPs of 8, 10, and 15 mbar, VIVO achieved complete sealing of the profound parenchymal defect in all (<i>n</i> = 7) lungs. After closure of the incision, we observed an air leak variation of 127 ± 114 mL/min (Suture-group), 31 ± 49 mL/min (VIVO-group), and 114 ± 134 mL/min (TachoSil-group). VIVO showed a significantly lower air leak than surgical sutures (<i>p</i> = 0.031) and TachoSil® (<i>p</i> = 0.046). <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> VIVO offers sufficient closure of the lung parenchymal lesions. The novel adhesive enabled significantly better sealing with lower persistent air leakage than TachoSil® or surgical sutures. Further investigation using in vivo models is strongly encouraged to confirm our findings.

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