Evidence of a 50-year increase in tropospheric ozone in Upper Bavaria

1994 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1197-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Bavarian Alps ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Northern Edge ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Linear Trends

Abstract. In a series of ozone-sonde soundings at the Hohenpeißenberg observatory, starting in 1967, the most striking features are increases of \\sim2.2% per year in all tropospheric heights up to 8 km during the past 24 years. These facts have recently been published and discussed by several authors. In this paper, we present some evidence for the increase of tropospheric ozone concentrations during the past 50 years 1940-1990 in the territory of the northern edge of the Bavarian Alps, including the Hohenpeißenberg data. In December 1940 and August 1942, probably the first exact wet-chemical vertical soundings of ozone up to 9 km height were made by an aircraft in the region mentioned. These results were published in the earlier literature. We have converted the results of the flights on 4 days in December 1940 and on 6 days in August 1942 to modern units and have compared them with the Hohenpeißenberg ozone-sonde data of the December and August months. We also compared the data at the ground with the August results of Paris-Montsouris 1886-1898. Our results show an increase of ozone concentration at all tropospheric heights in Upper Bavaria during the past 50 years, compared with the Montsouris data in August during the past 105 years. In the recently published papers, the increases since 1967 were approximated linearly.Our results, extended to the past, show non-linear trends, with steeper increases since 1975-1979. Possible reasons for these findings are discussed. Quite recently (in case of the December months since 1986/87, the August months since 1990), the ozone mixing ratios at and above Hohenpeißenberg seem to have decreased.

scholarly journals How to deal with non-linear pathways towards energy futures

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Stefan Vögele ◽  
Witold-Roger Poganietz ◽  
Philip Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Policy Advice ◽  
Linear Extrapolation ◽  
Energy Futures ◽  
The Past ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Simplifying Assumptions ◽  
Novel Approaches ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Linear Trends

Energy scenarios currently in use for policy advice are based on a number of simplifying assumptions. This includes, in particular, the linear extrapolation of trends. However, this approach ignores the fact that central variables were highly dynamic in the past. For an assessment of energy futures and the specification of measures, novel approaches are necessary which can implement non-linear trends. In this paper, we show how cross-impact balance (CIB) analysis can be applied to map dynamic trends. Using a small CIB model, we highlight the need for novel approaches in the creation and evaluation of energy futures and the possible contribution of CIB analysis.

Meteorological and fire impacts on tropospheric ozone concentration over tropical forest in the Congo Basin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inês Vieira ◽  
Hans Verbeeck ◽  
Félicien Meunier ◽  
Marc Peaucelle ◽  
Lodewijk Lefevre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Congo Basin ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
Ozone Precursor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ozone Levels

<p>Tropospheric ozone is a greenhouse gas, and high tropospheric ozone levels can directly impact plant growth and human health. In the Congo basin, simulations predict high ozone concentrations, induced by high ozone precursor (VOC and NOx) concentrations and high solar irradiation, which trigger the chemical reactions that form ozone. Additionally, biomass burning activities are widespread on the African continent, playing a crucial role in ozone precursor production. How these potentially high ozone levels impact tropical forest primary productivity remains poorly understood, and field-based ozone monitoring is completely lacking from the Congo basin. This study intends to show preliminary results from the first full year of in situ measurements of ozone concentration in the Congo Basin (i.e., Yangambi, Democratic Republic of the Congo). We show the relationships between meteorological variables (temperature, precipitation, radiation, wind direction and speed), fire occurrence (derived from remote sensing products) and ozone concentrations at a new continuous monitoring station in the heart of the Congo Basin. First results show higher daily mean ozone levels (e.g. 43 ppb registered in January 2020) during dry season months (December-February). We identify a strong diurnal cycle, where minimum values of ozone (almost near zero) are registered during night hours, and maximum values (near 100 ppb) are registered during the daytime. We also verify that around 2.5% of the ozone measurements exceeds a toxicity level (potential for ozone to damage vegetation) of 40 ppb. In the longer term, these measurements should improve the accuracy of future model simulations in the Congo Basin and will be used to assess the impact of ozone on the tropical forest’s primary productivity.</p>

scholarly journals Principal Component Analysis of Chlorophyll Content in Tobacco, Bean and Petunia Plants Exposed to Different Tropospheric Ozone Concentrations

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaudia Borowiak ◽  
Janina Zbierska ◽  
Anna Budka ◽  
Dariusz Kayzer
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Ozone Concentrations

Abstract Three plant species were assessed in this study - ozone-sensitive and -resistant tobacco, ozone-sensitive petunia and bean. Plants were exposed to ambient air conditions for several weeks in two sites differing in tropospheric ozone concentrations in the growing season of 2009. Every week chlorophyll contents were analysed. Cumulative ozone effects on the chlorophyll content in relation to other meteorological parameters were evaluated using principal component analysis, while the relation between certain days of measurements of the plants were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance. Results revealed variability between plant species response. However, some similarities were noted. Positive relations of all chlorophyll forms to cumulative ozone concentration (AOT 40) were found for all the plant species that were examined. The chlorophyll b/a ratio revealed an opposite position to ozone concentration only in the ozone-resistant tobacco cultivar. In all the plant species the highest average chlorophyll content was noted after the 7th day of the experiment. Afterwards, the plants usually revealed various responses. Ozone-sensitive tobacco revealed decrease of chlorophyll content, and after few weeks of decline again an increase was observed. Probably, due to the accommodation for the stress factor. While during first three weeks relatively high levels of chlorophyll contents were noted in ozone-resistant tobacco. Petunia revealed a slow decrease of chlorophyll content and the lowest values at the end of the experiment. A comparison between the plant species revealed the highest level of chlorophyll contents in ozone-resistant tobacco.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal variations of tropospheric ozone concentrations in the Warsaw Agglomeration (Poland)

2014 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Rozbicka ◽  
Tomasz Rozbicki
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Urban Site ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variations ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Abstract Spatiotemporal variations of tropospheric ozone concentrations in the Warsaw Agglomeration (Poland). The study uses ozone concentrations from stations in Warsaw Agglomeration and its vicinity. Diversity of localizations of considered station, in terms of type of emissivity, allows on comparison of air pollution conditions by ozone in Warsaw area. Concentration of ozone in summer and spring were above twice greater than the concentration in autumn and winter. The greatest differences between weekend days concentration and work days concentration occur during autumn and winter, but in the same time the differences during the day are the least, especially in urban site stations. Statistics analysis shows strong relationship between ozone concentration and nitrogen dioxide concentration and meteorological elements especially for days with high level of ozone concentration. For these days regression equations were statistically significant (α = 1%) and correlation coefficients were greater than 0.81. Polynomial of IV power is the best fitted function of one-hourly values of ozone concentration course in particular seasons.

Tropospheric ozone based on S5P-BASCOE and extension to the past based on OMI and GOME-2 observation.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus-Peter Heue ◽  
Christophe Lerot ◽  
Fabian Romahn ◽  
Simon Chabrillat ◽  
Yves Christophe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Tropospheric Ozone ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Past ◽  
Stratospheric Intrusion ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Effects

<p>Ozone in the troposphere has mainly two sources, the first one is stratospheric intrusion the second one is chemical reactions following the emissions of primary pollutions such as NOx and VOCS.</p><p>We combine TROPOMI total ozone columns with Microwave Limb Sounding ozone profiles assimilated to BASCOE to retrieve tropospheric ozone columns.</p><p>Based on a first analysis we observe a decrease of tropospheric ozone during April and May 2020. The lockdown as measure against the Corona pandemic also caused an economic shutdown, and thereby a reduction of primary pollutants mainly NOx. Within the cities centres the lack of NOx caused an increase in tropospheric ozone, due to non linear effects in the ozone NOx chemistry. Outside the cities however a decrease might be expected. Thereby the tropospheric ozone reduction in April May might be caused by the lockdown due to the COVID-19.</p><p>However the natural variabilty is high caused by metrological conditions. To redcue the influnece of indiviual metrological situation the timeseries is expanded to the past by using additional sensors like GOME-2 and OMI, combined with the BASCOE reanalysis data set BRAM. The tropospheric columns are haromized using the same time and latitude depended bias added as for harmonizing the total columns. Therby we generated a typical anual mean data set, where the exceptional year of 2020 can be compared to.</p>

Climate and glacier fluctuations in the Bavarian Alps in the past 120 years

Erdkunde ◽  
2012 ◽  
pp. 121-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilfried Hagg ◽  
Christoph Mayer ◽  
Elisabeth Mayr ◽  
Achim Heilig
Keyword(s):  
The Past ◽  
Glacier Fluctuations ◽  
Bavarian Alps

scholarly journals Spatial–Temporal Distribution Variation of Ground-Level Ozone in China’s Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 872
Author(s):  
An Zhang ◽  
Jinhuang Lin ◽  
Wenhui Chen ◽  
Mingshui Lin ◽  
Chengcheng Lei
Keyword(s):  
Ozone Concentration ◽  
Pearl River Delta ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Ground Level Ozone ◽  
Ozone Concentrations ◽  
The North

Long-term exposure to ozone pollution will cause severe threats to residents’ physical and mental health. Ground-level ozone is the most severe air pollutant in China’s Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Region (PRD). It is of great significance to accurately reveal the spatial–temporal distribution characteristics of ozone pollution exposure patterns. We used the daily maximum 8-h ozone concentration data from PRD’s 55 air quality monitoring stations in 2015 as input data. We used six models of STK and ordinary kriging (OK) for the simulation of ozone concentration. Then we chose a better ozone pollution prediction model to reveal the ozone exposure characteristics of the PRD in 2015. The results show that the Bilonick model (BM) model had the highest simulation precision for ozone in the six models for spatial–temporal kriging (STK) interpolation, and the STK model’s simulation prediction results are significantly better than the OK model. The annual average ozone concentrations in the PRD during 2015 showed a high spatial variation in the north and east and low in the south and west. Ozone concentrations were relatively high in summer and autumn and low in winter and spring. The center of gravity of ozone concentrations tended to migrate to the north and west before moving to the south and then finally migrating to the east. The ozone’s spatial autocorrelation was significant and showed a significant positive correlation, mainly showing high-high clustering and low-low clustering. The type of clustering undergoes temporal migration and conversion over the four seasons, with spatial autocorrelation during winter the most significant.

scholarly journals Methane, oxygen, photosynthesis, rubisco and the regulation of the air through time

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1504) ◽  
pp. 2745-2754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan G Nisbet ◽  
R. Ellen R Nisbet
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Greenhouse Warming ◽  
Biological Productivity ◽  
Stable States ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
The Past ◽  
Glacial Epoch ◽  
Air Control ◽  
Carbon Gases

Rubisco I's specificity, which today may be almost perfectly tuned to the task of cultivating the global garden, controlled the balance of carbon gases and O 2 in the Precambrian ocean and hence, by equilibration, in the air. Control of CO 2 and O 2 by rubisco I, coupled with CH 4 from methanogens, has for the past 2.9 Ga directed the global greenhouse warming, which maintains liquid oceans and sustains microbial ecology. Both rubisco compensation controls and the danger of greenhouse runaway (e.g. glaciation) put limits on biological productivity. Rubisco may sustain the air in either of two permissible stable states: either an anoxic system with greenhouse warming supported by both high methane mixing ratios as well as carbon dioxide, or an oxygen-rich system in which CO 2 largely fulfils the role of managing greenhouse gas, and in which methane is necessarily only a trace greenhouse gas, as is N 2 O. Transition from the anoxic to the oxic state risks glaciation. CO 2 build-up during a global snowball may be an essential precursor to a CO 2 -dominated greenhouse with high levels of atmospheric O 2 . Photosynthetic and greenhouse-controlling competitions between marine algae, cyanobacteria, and terrestrial C3 and C4 plants may collectively set the CO 2  : O 2 ratio of the modern atmosphere (last few million years ago in a mainly glacial epoch), maximizing the productivity close to rubisco compensation and glacial limits.

In search of lost space: The process of space planning through remembering and history

Organization ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio James Petani ◽  
Jeanne Mengis
Keyword(s):  
Production Of Space ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
The Past ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Contested Narratives

This article explores the role of remembering and history in the process of planning new spaces. We trace how the organizational remembering of past spaces enters the conception (i.e. planning) of a large culture center. By drawing on Henri Lefebvre’s reflections on history, time and memory, we analyze the processual interconnections of his spatial triad, namely between the planned, practiced, and lived moments of the production of space. We find that over time space planning involves recurrent, changing, and contested narratives on ‘lost spaces’, remembering happy spaces of the past that articulate a desire to regain them. The notion of lost space adds to our understanding of how space planning involves, through organizational remembering, a sociomaterial and spatiotemporal work of relating together different spaces and times in non-linear narratives of repetition.

scholarly journals Long-term O<sub>3</sub>–precursor relationships in Hong Kong: field observation and model simulation

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 10919-10935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Hao Wang ◽  
Hai Guo ◽  
Xiaopu Lyu ◽  
Hairong Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Photochemical Pollution ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
The Past ◽  
Total Volatile Organic Compounds

Abstract. Over the past 10 years (2005–2014), ground-level O3 in Hong Kong has consistently increased in all seasons except winter, despite the yearly reduction of its precursors, i.e. nitrogen oxides (NOx =  NO + NO2), total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), and carbon monoxide (CO). To explain the contradictory phenomena, an observation-based box model (OBM) coupled with CB05 mechanism was applied in order to understand the influence of both locally produced O3 and regional transport. The simulation of locally produced O3 showed an increasing trend in spring, a decreasing trend in autumn, and no changes in summer and winter. The O3 increase in spring was caused by the net effect of more rapid decrease in NO titration and unchanged TVOC reactivity despite decreased TVOC mixing ratios, while the decreased local O3 formation in autumn was mainly due to the reduction of aromatic VOC mixing ratios and the TVOC reactivity and much slower decrease in NO titration. However, the decreased in situ O3 formation in autumn was overridden by the regional contribution, resulting in elevated O3 observations. Furthermore, the OBM-derived relative incremental reactivity indicated that the O3 formation was VOC-limited in all seasons, and that the long-term O3 formation was more sensitive to VOCs and less to NOx and CO in the past 10 years. In addition, the OBM results found that the contributions of aromatics to O3 formation decreased in all seasons of these years, particularly in autumn, probably due to the effective control of solvent-related sources. In contrast, the contributions of alkenes increased, suggesting a continuing need to reduce traffic emissions. The findings provide updated information on photochemical pollution and its impact in Hong Kong.

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