Spore abortion index (SAI) as a promising tool of evaluation of spore fitness in ferns: an insight into sexual and apomictic species

2017 ◽  
Vol 303 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Hornych ◽  
Libor Ekrt
Keyword(s):  
Apomictic Species ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Mechanism-Based Model of Parasite Growth and Dihydroartemisinin Pharmacodynamics in Murine Malaria

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 508-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kashyap Patel ◽  
Kevin T. Batty ◽  
Brioni R. Moore ◽  
Peter L. Gibbons ◽  
Jürgen B. Bulitta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Compartment Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Efflux Pathway ◽  
Novel Model ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Late Trophozoite

ABSTRACTMurine models are used to study erythrocytic stages of malaria infection, because parasite morphology and development are comparable to those in human malaria infections. Mechanism-based pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) models for antimalarials are scarce, despite their potential to optimize antimalarial combination therapy. The aim of this study was to develop a mechanism-based growth model (MBGM) forPlasmodium bergheiand then characterize the parasiticidal effect of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) in murine malaria (MBGM-PK-PD). Stage-specific (ring, early trophozoite, late trophozoite, and schizont) parasite density data from Swiss mice inoculated withPlasmodium bergheiwere used for model development in S-ADAPT. A single dose of intraperitoneal DHA (10 to 100 mg/kg) or vehicle was administered 56 h postinoculation. The MBGM explicitly reflected all four erythrocytic stages of the 24-hourP. bergheilife cycle. Merozoite invasion of erythrocytes was described by a first-order process that declined with increasing parasitemia. An efflux pathway with subsequent return was additionally required to describe the schizont data, thus representing parasite sequestration or trapping in the microvasculature, with a return to circulation. A 1-compartment model with zero-order absorption described the PK of DHA, with an estimated clearance and distribution volume of 1.95 liters h−1and 0.851 liter, respectively. Parasite killing was described by a turnover model, with DHA inhibiting the production of physiological intermediates (IC50, 1.46 ng/ml). Overall, the MBGM-PK-PD described the rise in parasitemia, the nadir following DHA dosing, and subsequent parasite resurgence. This novel model is a promising tool for studying malaria infections, identifying the stage specificity of antimalarials, and providing insight into antimalarial treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Current perspective on production and applications of microbial cellulases: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisha Bhardwaj ◽  
Bikash Kumar ◽  
Komal Agrawal ◽  
Pradeep Verma
Keyword(s):  
Critical Factor ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cellulolytic Enzymes ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
The Status ◽  
Key Enzyme ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Immobilization Techniques ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractThe potential of cellulolytic enzymes has been widely studied and explored for bioconversion processes and plays a key role in various industrial applications. Cellulase, a key enzyme for cellulose-rich waste feedstock-based biorefinery, has increasing demand in various industries, e.g., paper and pulp, juice clarification, etc. Also, there has been constant progress in developing new strategies to enhance its production, such as the application of waste feedstock as the substrate for the production of individual or enzyme cocktails, process parameters control, and genetic manipulations for enzyme production with enhanced yield, efficiency, and specificity. Further, an insight into immobilization techniques has also been presented for improved reusability of cellulase, a critical factor that controls the cost of the enzyme at an industrial scale. In addition, the review also gives an insight into the status of the significant application of cellulase in the industrial sector, with its techno-economic analysis for future applications. The present review gives a complete overview of current perspectives on the production of microbial cellulases as a promising tool to develop a sustainable and greener concept for industrial applications.

Compartment Method for Dynamic Multi-Scale Simulation of Precipitation Reactors

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Metzger ◽  
Matthias Kind
Keyword(s):  
Control Volume ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Internal Parameters ◽  
External Population ◽  
Microscale Modeling ◽  
Insight Into

Precipitation crystallization is one possibility to produce nano-scaled solid particles from the liquid phase. High nucleation and growth rates are generated by mixing two well soluble reactants and their subsequent reaction to a sparingly soluble product. These primary processes can be very fast. Therefore experimental access to internal parameters is given insufficiently due to predominantly very short process times. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) based methods are a promising tool to gain insight into those inaccessible processes. Unfortunately, 3D modeling of complex precipitation reactors poses enormous difficulties and computational costs to CFD especially in the production scale under the aspect of macroscopic flowfields down to microscale modeling of mixing, rheology and particle formation. Therefore, a new methodic approach is presented that is able to handle these complex interactions. Due to local and temporal multiscale complexity, it is not advisable to model the complete apparatus. One basic principle of the methodical consideration is the arrangement of cross-linked compartments to reduce the huge unsimulatable control volume in its complexity and dimensions. Thereby, population balance equations (PBE) are solved, using CFD measured, average state variables, with a discrete one-dimensional High Resolution Finite Volume (HRFV) algorithm. Nevertheless appropriate fundamental kinetics for primary and secondary processes have to be implemented. Besides the new methodic approach, this paper deals with the influence of temporal supersaturation buildup on the product particle distribution. It is shown that important conclusions about the mixing behavior of Confined Impinging Jet mixers (CIJMs) can be drawn by coupling CFD and external population balancing even without any micromixing model. The contribution provides an insight into the methodic approach and first derived results.

scholarly journals Time-Reversibility, Causality and Compression-Complexity

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
Aditi Kathpalia ◽  
Nithin Nagaraj
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Causal Analysis ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Time Reversibility ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Analysis Scheme ◽  
Number Π ◽  
Asymmetry Measure ◽  
Underlying Processes ◽  
Insight Into

Detection of the temporal reversibility of a given process is an interesting time series analysis scheme that enables the useful characterisation of processes and offers an insight into the underlying processes generating the time series. Reversibility detection measures have been widely employed in the study of ecological, epidemiological and physiological time series. Further, the time reversal of given data provides a promising tool for analysis of causality measures as well as studying the causal properties of processes. In this work, the recently proposed Compression-Complexity Causality (CCC) measure (by the authors) is shown to be free of the assumption that the "cause precedes the effect", making it a promising tool for causal analysis of reversible processes. CCC is a data-driven interventional measure of causality (second rung on the Ladder of Causation) that is based on Effort-to-Compress (ETC), a well-established robust method to characterize the complexity of time series for analysis and classification. For the detection of the temporal reversibility of processes, we propose a novel measure called the Compressive Potential based Asymmetry Measure. This asymmetry measure compares the probability of the occurrence of patterns at different scales between the forward-time and time-reversed process using ETC. We test the performance of the measure on a number of simulated processes and demonstrate its effectiveness in determining the asymmetry of real-world time series of sunspot numbers, digits of the transcedental number π and heart interbeat interval variability.

scholarly journals Application of somatic hybridization for the improvement of horticultural crops

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.K. Singh ◽  
N.K. Mishra ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Sudhakar Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Hybridization ◽  
Somatic Hybrids ◽  
Female Sterility ◽  
Transgenic Technology ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Sexual Hybridization ◽  
Genomic Technologies ◽  
Insight Into

<p>Somatic hybridization (SH) using protoplast fusion is a promising tool to produce symmetrical and asymmetrical polyploidy somatic hybrids in many agricultural crops. The technique of SH could facilitate conventional breeding by providing of novel lines so as to use them as elite breeding materials in conventional crosses for both scion and rootstock improvement. Further, SH can overcome those problems associated with sexual hybridization viz., sexual incompatibility, nucellar embryogenesis, and male/female sterility. Successful exploitation of SH in horticultural crops mainly comes from transfer of resistance genes for biotic and abiotic stresses from related species in several horticultural crops, <em>viz</em>., citrus, potato, brinjal, tomato, mango, avocado, banana, strawberry, pear, cherry etc. Unlike transgenic technology, SH is not affected by legal formalities and able to transfer uncloned multiple genes. However, certain boundaries and limitations of SH restricts its use over sexual hybridization but, envisage of new genomic technologies providing better insight into the plant genomes will increase the potentiality of SH in betterment of agriculture.</p>

scholarly journals Oral cavity-derived exosomes as promising tool in chronic wound healing

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Blanka Borowiec ◽  
Marta Dyszkiewicz-Konwińska ◽  
Greg Hutchings ◽  
Joanna Budna-Tukan
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Chronic Wounds ◽  
Chronic Wound ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Stem Cell Therapies ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Important Physiological Process ◽  
Normal Physiological Function ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractWound healing is an important physiological process aimed at maintaining the integrity of the skin after injury, accidentally or intentionally. Physiological wound healing involves three consecutive but overlapping phases, including hemostasis, proliferation and remodeling. Wound healing abnormalities, such as excessive wound healing (e.g. keloid) or chronic wounds (e.g. ulcers) impair normal physiological function. Many experimental studies have provided insight into wound healing. There are numerous methods that support wound healing, including popular hydrogels, vegetable oils, ultrasound and even treatment with maggots. Stem cell therapies are also very popular, but they are not safe in all cases due to having specific antibodies. In the following article, in addition to a brief overview of current healing therapies we will examine exosomal therapy, which, although new, seems to be very promising if only because of the high safety of use.Running title: Exosomes in wound healing

scholarly journals Thiolation of Myco-Synthesized Fe3O4-NPs: A Novel Promising Tool for Penicillium expansium Laccase Immobilization to Decolorize Textile Dyes and as an Application for Anticancer Agent

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Hamed M. El-Shora ◽  
Aiah M. Khateb ◽  
Doaa B. Darwish ◽  
Reyad M. El-Sharkawy
Keyword(s):  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Fe3o4 Nps ◽  
Immobilized Biocatalyst ◽  
Improved Stability ◽  
Laccase Immobilization ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Magnetic Nanoparticles Fe3o4 ◽  
Insight Into

Environmental pollution due to the continuous uncontrolled discharge of toxic dyes into the water bodies provides insight into the need to eliminate pollutants prior to discharge is significantly needed. Recently, the combination of conventional chemotherapeutic agents and nanoparticles has attracted considerable attention. Herein, the magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4-NPs) were synthesized using metabolites of Aspergillus niger. Further, the surfaces of Fe3O4-NPs were functionalized using 3-mercaptoproionic acid as confirmed by XRD, TEM, and SEM analyses. A purified P. expansum laccase was immobilized onto Fe3O4/3-MPA-SH and then the developed immobilized laccase (Fe3O4/3-MPA-S-S-laccase) was applied to achieve redox-mediated degradation of different dyes. The Fe3O4/3-MPA-S-S-laccase exhibited notably improved stability toward pH, temperature, organic solvents, and storage periods. The Fe3O4/3-MPA-S-S-laccase exhibited appropriate operational stability while retaining 84.34% of its initial activity after 10 cycles. The catalytic affinity (Kcat/Km) of the immobilized biocatalyst was increased above 10-fold. The experimental data showed remarkable improvement in the dyes’ decolorization using the immobilized biocatalyst in the presence of a redox mediator in seven successive cycles. Thus, the prepared novel nanocomposite-laccase can be applied as an alternative promising strategy for bioremediation of textile wastewater. The cytotoxic level of carboplatin and Fe3O4-NPs singly or in combination on various cell lines was concentration-dependent.

Evaluation of Therapeutic Stepping Exergame (TSE)- a tailored Exergame for Fear of Falling and Balance Confidence for Elderly in India (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilakshi Yein ◽  
Swati Pal
Keyword(s):  
Elderly Population ◽  
Fear Of Falling ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Balance Confidence ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Indian Context ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

BACKGROUND Fall is a critical problem that leads to various issues in the elderly. The fear of falling (FOF) is a common problem in the elderly population. There is an association between FOF and balance confidence. Exergaming (EXG) is a promising technology for the elderly to address these issues. Existing EXG needs an advanced infrastructure to install a camera or other devices. In a developing country like India, many areas cannot afford such arrangements. Moreover, the use of exergame itself is relatively new among the elderly in India. OBJECTIVE This study aims to determine the effect of exergame (EXG) technology on FOF and the balance confidence in the Indian elderly. A tailored (Indian context) EXG termed Therapeutic Stepping Exergame (TSE) is used in the study. The paper also shows the relationship between FOF and balance confidence after the use of TSE. METHODS The TSE- a session is 30 minutes per day and seven days a week for four weeks. TSE has incorporated four stepping exercises. Twenty-seven Indian elderly (able to stand and walk independently, ten female and seventeen males; age: 66.44 ± 5.84 years) played four different stepping games in a tailored- EXG for four weeks, thirty minutes per day. For data analysis, SPSS version 20 is used. RESULTS Statistical results confirmed TSE directly affects elderly balance confidence and further supported that it reduces the FOF. Results show significant improvement in the balance confidence at t(26)= 11.735, p=.00, less than .05; and a significant decrease in the FOF at t(26)= -18.528, p=.00, less than .05. There is a significant negative correlation between the FOF and balance confidence at r (26)= -.682, p=.00, less than 0.01. CONCLUSIONS The paper contributes to the elderly- fall and EXG research by providing insight into the TSE’s effectiveness in terms of balance confidence and fear of falling. The analysis suggests that in the Indian context, EXG can be a promising tool for delivering fall preventive exercises and a novel way to motivate the elderly to so. TSE can play a positive influence on the elderly fall research. For future study, more exercises can be incorporated with more participants.

Microgenetic Study of Change: What Has It Told Us?

1995 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deanna Kuhn
Keyword(s):  
Change Process ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Developmental Transition ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Natural Change ◽  
Microgenetic Method ◽  
Insight Into

The microgenetic method has been advocated by developmentalists as a promising tool in the study of change Despite convergence of findings across investigators and diverse domains, however, several fundamental questions need to be answered (a) Is the potential for change specific to periods of developmental transition? (b) Is change domain-general or domain-specific? (c) Why and how does change occur? Answers to these questions bear on the extent to which microgenetic study of change can be interpreted as providing insight into the natural change process

Calibration problems in hydrogen luminosities

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 322-330
Author(s):  
A. Beer
Keyword(s):  
Galactic Structure ◽  
B Stars ◽  
Insight Into

The investigations which I should like to summarize in this paper concern recent photo-electric luminosity determinations of O and B stars. Their final aim has been the derivation of new stellar distances, and some insight into certain patterns of galactic structure.

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