p-Sulfonic acid calix[n]arenes as organocatalysts for the transesterification reaction of Passiflora seed oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 (11) ◽  
pp. 1927-1934 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila G. Almeida ◽  
Isabella F. Souza ◽  
Natália A. Liberto ◽  
Márcio J. Da Silva ◽  
Sergio A. Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction

scholarly journals Coconut husk ash as heterogenous catalyst for biodiesel production from cerbera manghas seed oil

2018 ◽  
Vol 197 ◽  
pp. 09008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husni Husin ◽  
Abubakar Abubakar ◽  
Suci Ramadhani ◽  
Cici Ferawati Br. Sijabat ◽  
Fikri Hasfita
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Potassium Oxide ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Coconut Husk ◽  
Cerbera Manghas

The research on the use of coconut husk as a solid catalyst for transesterification reaction of Cerbera manghas oil into biodiesel has been done. The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of coconut husk ash for biodiesel production from Cerbera manghas seed oil. Coconut husk is prepared by burning in air to obtain potassium oxide as active phase. The coconut husk is analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The XRD spectrum shows that the peak characteristics of potassium oxide can be observed in the diffractogram. The particle size of the catalyst ranging from 1 - 3 μm with pentagonal structure. The coconut husk ash solid catalyst is used in the transesterification reaction of Cerbera manghas oil in a batch reactor. Biodiesel yield of 88.6% can be achieved over coconut husk ash catalyst, using a 10 wt.% of catalyst, reaction temperature at 3 hours, and a methanol-to-oil ratio of 6: 1. This solid catalyst can be separated easily from the reaction system and not soluble in methanol or methyl esters. The coconut husk ash catalyst is high potential to be developed as one of the solid catalysts to convert Cerbera manghas oil to biodiesel.

scholarly journals THE DEVELOPMENT OF TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS OF COTTON SEED OIL BY USING MICROWAVE

REAKTOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andi Suryanto ◽  
Zakir Sabara, HW ◽  
Andi Artiningsih ◽  
Hardi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Cotton Seed ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Cotton Seed Oil

Biodiesel is a renewable, non-toxic, environmentally friendly fuel made from vegetable oils through a transesterification reaction with methanol. During this time the manufacture of biodiesel takes a long time, which can be overcome with microwave heating. The use of microwave can decrease the reaction time and the amount of catalyst. The purpose of this study was to study the utilization of microwave as a heater in the transesterification reaction of cotton seed oil with the addition of NaOH catalyst 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1% (w/w) with 100 watts microwave power and a reaction time of 15 minutes. Conversion of biodiesel from cotton seed oil with the NaOH catalyst concentrations 0.5% (w/w), 5 minutes, molar ratio of 1: 12 with a microwave power of 400 watts was 99.11%. The results of the analysis of several parameters on biodiesel products show that they have met the specifications based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI-04-7182-2006). Keyword: biodiesel, transesterification, cotton seed oil, microwave.

Synthesis of biodiesel from kapok (Ceiba pentandra L.) seed oil through ultrasound-enhanced transesterification reaction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas ◽  
Muhammad Yasir Adhi Utomo ◽  
Pipit Risky Nurjanah ◽  
Dwi Widjanarko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Ceiba Pentandra

Antioxidant and antibacterial activities of Opuntia ficus indica seed oil fractions and their bioactive compounds identification

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olfa R’bia ◽  
Chaker Chkioua ◽  
Raoudha Hellal ◽  
Wahid Herchi ◽  
Samira Aschi Smiti
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Unsaponifiable Fraction ◽  
Dpph Radical ◽  
Inhibition Concentration ◽  
Oil Fractions ◽  
Β Carotene

AbstractAim:The twoMethods:Based on the inhibition concentration at 50 percent (ICResults:Results showed that antioxidant and antibacterial activities considerably varied depending on the fraction. In fact, unsaponifiable fraction has higher biological activities than the glyceridic ones. The unsaponifiable fraction has stronger effects of scavenging 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and it is more efficient against bleaching of β-carotene than the saponifiable extract, unlike the experimental results of 2,2′-azino-bis3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulfonic acid (ABTS) scavenging test. Furthermore, the unsaponifiable fraction was more efficient against all pathogenic strains speciallyConclusion:Informations provided through this work are important for the valorization and use of this cactus vegetable oil in cosmetic, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.

scholarly journals Spondias mombin Seed Oil Compounds Identification by Raman Spectroscopy and NMR

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2886
Author(s):  
Perla Yolanda López-Camacho ◽  
Juan Carlos Martínez-Espinosa ◽  
Gustavo Basurto-Islas ◽  
Andrea Torres-Zarraga ◽  
José Martín Márquez-Villa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Sulfonic Acid ◽  
Hplc Analysis ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Colon Cancer Cells ◽  
Spondias Mombin ◽  
Pharmaceutical Applications ◽  
Diammonium Salt

Spondias mombin L. has been used in traditional medicine to treat some cases such as infections and inflammations. Some researchers have reported that its biological components, such as carotenoids, carotenes, and phenols, have been characterized primarily by HPLC analysis. Here, we report on the characterization of Spondias mombin L. seed oil by Raman spectroscopy, and the profile identification of fatty acids by 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The oil was extracted from different weight volumes of seeds using organic solvent, and each batch was characterized. The analysis of the fatty acid profile by NMR indicated that the seed oil is highly unsaturated (monounsaturated: 29.4% and polyunsaturated: 43.5%). Molecular Raman vibrations at 1006, 1158 and 1523 cm−1 showed the presence of carotenoids, which in turn performed an antioxidant activity. This was demonstrated by a 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) method. The cell viability in colon cancer cells was promoted in the presence of the oil. The compounds identified in this study from seed oil could be an interesting proposal for food or pharmaceutical applications.

scholarly journals Kinetika Reaksi Transesterifikasi Minyak Biji Ketapang (Terminalia Catappa L) Pada Proses Produksi Metil Ester

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Harun Al Rasyid ◽  
Rahmad Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Terminalia Catappa ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
The Ideal

Study on the kinetics of the transesterification reaction of ketapang seeds oil (Terminalia catappa l) of methyl ester production processusing sokletation extraction have been carried out. The ketapang seeds oil had been dissolved and then the several gram of sample were solektated using petroleum benzene solvent. Extraction followed by distillation to obtain pure ketapang oil.The catalyst used in the manufacture of biodiesel is the KOH with catalyst concentration 0.5% b/b KOH / ketapang seed oil.The solvent used was methanol with molar ratio of ketapang seed oil was 6:1.The kinetics of the transesterification reaction studied by taking 50 ml samples of the three-neck flask with a time interval (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min) at a temperature of 30 ° C and a stirring speed of 2140 rpm.Sample is poured in the bottles that had been poured of 50 ml of water and allowed to stand in a refrigerator at a temperature of 20° C for 24 hours.Methyl esters are then separated from the glycerol and water using a separating funnel and wash using a NaSO4 in order to in the water which still contained the methyl ester.Pure methyl esters then were analyzed by GCMS to determine the content of methyl ester and HNMR to calculate the kinetics transesterification reaction of ketapang seed oil to a temperature of 30 o C.The results showed that the ideal time to process for production of methyl ester for temperature 30o C is 60 min with the kinetics of the reaction on orde 2 that are the highest graphics and the equation transesterification reaction rate ketapang seed oil into methyl ester is 

scholarly journals Identification of Effective Factors for Immobilized Lipase Catalysed Biodiesel Production from Pongamia pinnata Seed Oil Using Plackett-Burman Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
Shilpa K. Jigajinni Bharati S. Meti
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Immobilized Lipase ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
P Value ◽  
Effective Factors ◽  
Burman Design ◽  
Plackett Burman Design

Biodiesel a fatty acid alkyl esteris one of the promising biofuel and a clean energy source as an alternative to petroleum-based diesel fuels. The Enzymatic transesterification reaction is influenced by many factors such as amount of biocatalyst, molar ratio of oil to alcohol, temperature, pH, rpm, time etc. Effective variables for transesterification may vary based on the type of feedstock and catalyst used, therefore it is essential to optimise the process suitable for each type of feedstock to achieve higher yield of biodiesel. The statistically-based Plackett-Burman experimental design was adopted in this study to identify effective factors for transesterification reaction of Pongamiapinnata seed oil using immobilized lipase. The factors used in the present study for Plackett-Burman design are molar ratio, amount of immobilized lipase, temperature, time, pH, agitation and water content. The result showed that among seven variables, pH (p-value0.003), agitation speed(p-value 0.024) and amount of immobilized lipase(p-value 0.041) having p<0.05 are statistically significant, positively affecting the transesterification process of Pongamia seed oil. Further the variables which had significant effect on transesterification process will be selected for Response Surface Methodology studies to enhance the yield of biodiesel will be the future scope of work.

scholarly journals Potential of Chrozophora tinctoria Seed Oil as a Biodiesel Resource

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3473
Author(s):  
Seyed Salar Hoseini ◽  
Gholamhassan Najafi ◽  
Armin Fattahpour Moazzez ◽  
Saeid Hazrati ◽  
Mohammad Taghi Ebadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Edible Plant ◽  
Astm Standard ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
American Society

Biodiesel is a renewable fuel that has been widely used in recent years. There are various resources used as biodiesel feedstocks, including animal fats, waste oils, and vegetable oils. In the present study, Chrozophora tinctoria seed oil is introduced as a new biodiesel feedstock. C. tinctoria is a weed and non-edible plant. So, the primary cost of this resource is very low, and hence it can be considered as a biodiesel source. This plant can also grow in most weather conditions. In the present study, the research team tried to produce biodiesel from C. tinctoria seeds through a transesterification reaction. To intensify the transesterification reaction, an ultrasonic device was used. In order to perform the transesterification reaction, potassium hydroxide was used as a catalyst. Important parameters, such as the reaction temperature, reaction time, molar ratio of methanol, and concentration of the catalyst, were adjusted. Based on the adjusted conditions, a biodiesel yield of 84% was attained. The properties of the C. tinctoria biodiesel was compared with the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard. The results show the properties of a biodiesel: the density, kinematic viscosity, pour point, flash point, cloud point, and acid number are 0.868 g/cm3, 3.74 mPa, −7 °C, 169 °C, 4 °C, and 0.43 mg, respectively. The specification properties of C. tinctoria biodiesel can thus pass the requirement of the ASTM standard. So, C. tinctoria seed oil can be used as a suitable fuel source instead of petroleum-derived fuels.

scholarly journals Reduction of FFA in Kapok Randu (Ceiba pentandra) Seed Oil via Esterification Reaction Using Sulfuric Acid Catalyst: Experimental and Kinetics Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 156-166
Author(s):  
Ratna Dewi Kusumaningtyas ◽  
Muhammad Hafizt Akbar ◽  
Dwi Widjanarko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Kinetics Study ◽  
Ceiba Pentandra ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Sulfuric Acid Catalyst

The rapid growth of the population and economy has boosted up the necessity of fuel and  energy source. Until now, the world’s dependency on fossil fuel as the primary energy supply is still high. On the other hand, it has been known that the fossil-based oil and gas reserves are shrunk. Hence, it is urgent to develop alternative energy sources, which are renewable and environmentally friendly, to anticipate the energy insufficiency. Biodiesel is among the prospective renewable energy due to its advantages. Biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters) is a type of biofuel which is derived from vegetable oil or animal fat. There are various vegetable oils that can be used as raw material for biodiesel production. However, non-edible oils are usually preferred to be selected as a biodiesel feedstock to evade the conflict between food and energy needs. Kapok Randu (Ceiba pentandra) seed oil is a type of non-edible oil which is cheap and can be employed as biodiesel feedstock. However, this oil has high free fatty acid (FFA) content (8.89%). Thus, it cannot directly undergo transesterification reaction to produce biodiesel since the FFA will react with alkaline catalyst to produce soap. The FFA content in Kapok Randu seed oil needs to be decreased until it is lower than 2%. Hence, prior to transesterification reaction, esterification of Kapok Randu seed oil with methanol in the presence of acid catalyst should be conducted to decrease the FFA content. In this work, esterification reaction was performed in the presence of sulfuric acid catalyst. The reactions were conducted at the molar ratio of oil to methanol of 1:12 at the temperature of 40, 50, and 60 ℃ for 120 minutes. The optimum reaction conversion was 95.14%, achieved at the reaction temperature of 60 ℃. Kinetics study using homogeneous models was also performed. It was revealed that the reaction was appropriate with the irreversible second order reaction model. The reaction rate constant (k), activation energy (Ea), and  frequency factor (A) were 4.95 L / mole.min, 30,799.21 J/ mole and 338.744 / min, respectively.

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