Incremental effects of 28 days of beta-alanine supplementation on high-intensity cycling performance and blood lactate in masters female cyclists

This study examined the effect of sodium citrate ingestion on high-intensity cycling performance in repeated 45-s bouts. Twelve subjects (9 male and 3 female) ingested either a sodium citrate solution (0.3 g ⋅ kg−1 body mass [BM]) or a placebo 90 min prior to exercise. Postingestion blood HCO3 concentrations were significantly higher in the citrate trial (p < .01), but there was no difference in blood pH between trials. Peak power and total work significantly decreased over the five bouts (p < .05) and postexercise blood lactate concentrations significantly increased over the five bouts (p < 0.01), but there were no differences between trials. We conclude that sodium citrate ingestion (0.3 g ⋅ kg−1 BM) is not an effective ergogenic aid for high-intensity, intermittent exercise as simulated in this protocol.

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Effects Of Beta-alanine On High-intensity Cycling Performance, Lactate, And Grip-strength Measures In Female Masters Athletes

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000478295.20214.33 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 582

Author(s):

Jordan M. Glenn ◽

Rodger Stewart ◽

Nicole E. Moyen ◽

Carley Arnold ◽

Landon Lavene ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Grip Strength ◽

High Intensity ◽

Cycling Performance ◽

Beta Alanine ◽

Masters Athletes

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Beta-alanine did not improve high-intensity performance throughout simulated road cycling

European Journal of Sport Science ◽

10.1080/17461391.2021.1940304 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-29

Author(s):

Pedro Perim ◽

Nathan Gobbi ◽

Breno Duarte ◽

Luana Farias de Oliveira ◽

Luiz Augusto Riani Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Beta Alanine ◽

Road Cycling

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Muscle glycogen repletion during active postexercise recovery

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.1987.253.3.e305 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 253 (3) ◽

pp. E305-E311 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

E. M. Peters Futre ◽

T. D. Noakes ◽

R. I. Raine ◽

S. E. Terblanche

Keyword(s):

Blood Lactate ◽

Muscle Glycogen ◽

High Intensity ◽

Active Recovery ◽

Muscle Lactate ◽

Glycogen Resynthesis ◽

Passive Recovery ◽

Lactate Removal ◽

Glycogen Repletion ◽

Lactate Levels

High-intensity intermittent bicycle exercise was used to deplete muscle glycogen levels by 70% and elevate blood lactate levels to greater than 13.0 mmol/l. Thereafter subjects either cycled with one leg for 45 min followed by 45 min of passive recovery (partially active recovery) or rested for 90 min (passive recovery). During the first 45 min of partially active recovery 1) blood lactate (P less than 0.05) and pH levels (P less than 0.05) returned more rapidly to preexercise values than during passive recovery, 2) the rate of net glycogen resynthesis (0.28 mumol . g-1 . min-1) was the same in both legs, and 3) muscle lactate levels were significantly lower (P less than 0.05) in the passive than in the active leg. Thereafter the rate of net muscle glycogen resynthesis was unchanged (0.26 mumol . g-1 . min-1) and lactate removal could theoretically account for only 18% of the glycogen resynthesized. Overall, the rate of muscle glycogen resynthesis and muscle lactate removal was not different from that measured during passive recovery. After high-intensity exercise 1) glycogen repletion is not impeded by light exercise, and 2) blood glucose is an important substrate for glycogen resynthesis.

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Acute high-intensity interval exercise induces greater levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor in obese individuals

Experimental Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1177/1535370218812191 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 243 (14) ◽

pp. 1153-1160 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Alexandra L Rodriguez ◽

Michael Whitehurst ◽

Brandon G Fico ◽

Katelyn M Dodge ◽

Peter J Ferrandi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blood Lactate ◽

High Intensity ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽

Bdnf Expression ◽

Interval Exercise ◽

Obese Population ◽

Obese Subjects ◽

High Intensity Interval

Obesity may attenuate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), thereby increasing the risk of cognitive dysfunction. High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been shown to be as or more effective than continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME) in promoting the expression of BDNF in normal-weight individuals. Therefore, the primary purpose of this study was to examine whether or not acute HIIE could be utilized as a practical model to explore the BDNF response in obese versus normal-weight subjects when compared to acute CME. The potential relationship of exercise-induced BDNF with blood lactate and cortisol was also examined. Twelve male subjects (six obese and six normal-weight) participated in a counterbalanced and caloric equated experiment: HIIE (30 min, 4 intervals of 4 min at 80%–90% of VO2max with 3 min of active recovery at 50–60% VO2max) and CME (38 min at 50%–60% VO2max). Blood samples were collected prior to, immediately following exercise, and 1 h into recovery for measurements of serum BDNF, blood lactate, and plasma cortisol. Our results showed that the BDNF response to acute HIIE was greater than CME in obese subjects when compared to normal-weight subjects. Similarly, although acute HIIE induced greater blood lactate and plasma cortisol levels than CME, obese subjects produced less blood lactate, but no difference in cortisol than normal-weight subjects. These findings suggest that acute HIIE may be a more effective protocol to upregulate BDNF expression in an obese population, independent of increased lactate and cortisol levels. Impact statement High-intensity interval exercise (HIIE) has been shown to be a time-efficient exercise strategy that provides similar or superior physiological benefits as traditional continuous moderate-intensity exercise (CME). Our previous study demonstrated an equivalent elevation on the BDNF response in both obese and normal-weight individuals following 30 min of acute CME. To discover a time-efficient exercise strategy to improve brain health in an obese population, the present study found that obese individuals elicit a greater level of BDNF following acute HIIE versus CME than normal-weight individuals. These findings indicate that acute HIIE may be an effective strategy to upregulate BDNF expression in obese individuals.

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Exercise-Induced Lactate Release Mediates Mitochondrial Biogenesis in the Hippocampus of Mice via Monocarboxylate Transporters

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.736905 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Jonghyuk Park ◽

Jimmy Kim ◽

Toshio Mikami

Keyword(s):

Blood Lactate ◽

Mitochondrial Biogenesis ◽

High Intensity ◽

Lactate Concentration ◽

High Intensity Exercise ◽

Mtdna Copy Number ◽

Single Bout ◽

Extracellular Lactate ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

The Brain

Regular exercise training induces mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain via activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator 1α (PGC-1α). However, it remains unclear whether a single bout of exercise would increase mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain. Therefore, we first investigated whether mitochondrial biogenesis in the hippocampus is affected by a single bout of exercise in mice. A single bout of high-intensity exercise, but not low- or moderate-intensity, increased hippocampal PGC-1α mRNA and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number at 12 and 48h. These results depended on exercise intensity, and blood lactate levels observed immediately after exercise. As lactate induces mitochondrial biogenesis in the brain, we examined the effects of acute lactate administration on blood and hippocampal extracellular lactate concentration by in vivo microdialysis. Intraperitoneal (I.P.) lactate injection increased hippocampal extracellular lactate concentration to the same as blood lactate level, promoting PGC-1α mRNA expression in the hippocampus. However, this was suppressed by administering UK5099, a lactate transporter inhibitor, before lactate injection. I.P. UK5099 administration did not affect running performance and blood lactate concentration immediately after exercise but attenuated exercise-induced hippocampal PGC-1α mRNA and mtDNA copy number. In addition, hippocampal monocarboxylate transporters (MCT)1, MCT2, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA expression, except MCT4, also increased after high-intensity exercise, which was abolished by UK5099 administration. Further, injection of 1,4-dideoxy-1,4-imino-D-arabinitol (glycogen phosphorylase inhibitor) into the hippocampus before high-intensity exercise suppressed glycogen consumption during exercise, but hippocampal lactate, PGC-1α, MCT1, and MCT2 mRNA concentrations were not altered after exercise. These results indicate that the increased blood lactate released from skeletal muscle may induce hippocampal mitochondrial biogenesis and BDNF expression by inducing MCT expression in mice, especially during short-term high-intensity exercise. Thus, a single bout of exercise above the lactate threshold could provide an effective strategy for increasing mitochondrial biogenesis in the hippocampus.

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Physiological aspects and energetic contribution in 20s:10s high-intensity interval exercise at different intensities

PeerJ ◽

10.7717/peerj.9791 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. e9791

Author(s):

Gabriel V. Protzen ◽

Charles Bartel ◽

Victor S. Coswig ◽

Paulo Gentil ◽

Fabricio B. Del Vecchio

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Power Output ◽

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

Random Order ◽

Peak Power Output ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

Work Intensity ◽

High Intensity Interval

Background One of the most popular high-intensity interval exercises is the called “Tabata Protocol”. However, most investigations have limitations in describing the work intensity, and this fact appears to be due to the protocol unfeasibility. Furthermore, the physiological demands and energetic contribution during this kind of exercise remain unclear. Methods Eight physically active students (21.8 ± 3.7 years) and eight well-trained cycling athletes (27.8 ± 6.4 years) were enrolled. In the first visit, we collected descriptive data and the peak power output (PPO). On the next three visits, in random order, participants performed interval training with the same time structure (effort:rest 20s:10s) but using different intensities (115%, 130%, and 170% of PPO). We collected the number of sprints, power output, oxygen consumption, blood lactate, and heart rate. Results The analysis of variance for multivariate test (number of sprints, power output, blood lactate, peak heart rate and percentage of maximal heart rate) showed significant differences between groups (F = 9.62; p = 0.001) and intensities (F = 384.05; p < 0.001), with no interactions (F = 0.94; p = 0.57). All three energetic contributions and intensities were different between protocols. The higher contribution was aerobic, followed by alactic and lactic. The aerobic contribution was higher at 115%PPO, while the alactic system showed higher contribution at 130%PPO. In conclusion, the aerobic system was predominant in the three exercise protocols, and we observed a higher contribution at lower intensities.

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Beta-Alanine Did Not Improve High-Intensity Performance Throughout Simulated Road Cycling

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000762368.04642.c9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (8S) ◽

pp. 281-281

Author(s):

Pedro Perim ◽

Nathan Gobbi ◽

Breno Duarte ◽

Luana Faria de Oliveira ◽

Luiz Augusto Riani Costa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Beta Alanine ◽

Road Cycling

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The Acute Effects of Citrulline-Malate Supplementation on High Intensity Cycling Performance and Muscle Oxygenation

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000493571.28773.45 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 132

Author(s):

Brian Cunniffe ◽

Maria Papageorge ◽

Barbara O’Brien ◽

George K. Grimble ◽

Nathan A. Davies ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Intensity ◽

Cycling Performance ◽

Muscle Oxygenation ◽

Acute Effects ◽

Citrulline Malate

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Supplements and Nutritional Interventions to Augment High-Intensity Interval Training Physiological and Performance Adaptations—A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12020390 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 390 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Scott C. Forbes ◽

Darren G. Candow ◽

Abbie E. Smith-Ryan ◽

Katie R. Hirsch ◽

Michael D. Roberts ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sex Differences ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

High Intensity ◽

Interval Training ◽

Narrative Review ◽

High Intensity Interval Training ◽

Beta Alanine ◽

And Performance ◽

High Intensity Interval ◽

Nutritional Strategies

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) involves short bursts of intense activity interspersed by periods of low-intensity exercise or rest. HIIT is a viable alternative to traditional continuous moderate-intensity endurance training to enhance maximal oxygen uptake and endurance performance. Combining nutritional strategies with HIIT may result in more favorable outcomes. The purpose of this narrative review is to highlight key dietary interventions that may augment adaptations to HIIT, including creatine monohydrate, caffeine, nitrate, sodium bicarbonate, beta-alanine, protein, and essential amino acids, as well as manipulating carbohydrate availability. Nutrient timing and potential sex differences are also discussed. Overall, sodium bicarbonate and nitrates show promise for enhancing HIIT adaptations and performance. Beta-alanine has the potential to increase training volume and intensity and improve HIIT adaptations. Caffeine and creatine have potential benefits, however, longer-term studies are lacking. Presently, there is a lack of evidence supporting high protein diets to augment HIIT. Low carbohydrate training enhances the upregulation of mitochondrial enzymes, however, there does not seem to be a performance advantage, and a periodized approach may be warranted. Lastly, potential sex differences suggest the need for future research to examine sex-specific nutritional strategies in response to HIIT.

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