scholarly journals Physiological aspects and energetic contribution in 20s:10s high-intensity interval exercise at different intensities

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9791
Author(s):  
Gabriel V. Protzen ◽  
Charles Bartel ◽  
Victor S. Coswig ◽  
Paulo Gentil ◽  
Fabricio B. Del Vecchio
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
Work Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Background One of the most popular high-intensity interval exercises is the called “Tabata Protocol”. However, most investigations have limitations in describing the work intensity, and this fact appears to be due to the protocol unfeasibility. Furthermore, the physiological demands and energetic contribution during this kind of exercise remain unclear. Methods Eight physically active students (21.8 ± 3.7 years) and eight well-trained cycling athletes (27.8 ± 6.4 years) were enrolled. In the first visit, we collected descriptive data and the peak power output (PPO). On the next three visits, in random order, participants performed interval training with the same time structure (effort:rest 20s:10s) but using different intensities (115%, 130%, and 170% of PPO). We collected the number of sprints, power output, oxygen consumption, blood lactate, and heart rate. Results The analysis of variance for multivariate test (number of sprints, power output, blood lactate, peak heart rate and percentage of maximal heart rate) showed significant differences between groups (F = 9.62; p = 0.001) and intensities (F = 384.05; p < 0.001), with no interactions (F = 0.94; p = 0.57). All three energetic contributions and intensities were different between protocols. The higher contribution was aerobic, followed by alactic and lactic. The aerobic contribution was higher at 115%PPO, while the alactic system showed higher contribution at 130%PPO. In conclusion, the aerobic system was predominant in the three exercise protocols, and we observed a higher contribution at lower intensities.

Reducing Anxiety and Anxiety Sensitivity With High-Intensity Interval Training in Adults With Asthma

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 835-839
Author(s):  
Carley O’Neill ◽  
Shilpa Dogra
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
The Impact

Background: Low- and moderate-intensity exercise training has been shown to be effective for reducing general anxiety and anxiety sensitivity among adults with asthma. Exercise frequency and intensity have been shown to play an integral role in reducing anxiety sensitivity; however, less is known about the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on anxiety in adults with asthma. Methods: A 6-week HIIT intervention was conducted with adults with asthma. Participants completed HIIT (10% peak power output for 1 min, 90% peak power output for 1 min, repeated 10 times) 3 times per week on a cycle ergometer. Preintervention and postintervention assessments included the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 and the Body Sensations Questionnaire. Results: Total Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (PRE: 17.9 [11.8]; POST 12.4 [13], P = .002, Cohen d = 0.4, n = 20) and Body Sensations Questionnaire (PRE: 2.4 [1.0]; POST: 2.0 [0.8], P = .007, Cohen d = 0.3) improved from preintervention to postintervention. Conclusion: A 6-week HIIT intervention leads to improved anxiety among adults with asthma. Future research should determine the impact of HIIT among adults with asthma with clinical anxiety.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Heart Rate Response to the 4 × 4 Interval Exercise Protocol

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5103
Author(s):  
Justin J. Acala ◽  
Devyn Roche-Willis ◽  
Todd A. Astorino
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Heart Rate Response ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Vo2 Max ◽  
Interval Exercise ◽  
High Intensity Interval

High intensity interval training is frequently implemented using the 4 × 4 protocol where four 4-min bouts are performed at heart rate (HR) between 85 and 95% HR max. This study identified the HR and power output response to the 4 × 4 protocol in 39 active men and women (age and VO2 max = 26.0 ± 6.1 years and 37.0 ± 5.4 mL/kg/min). Initially, participants completed incremental cycling to assess VO2 max, HR max, and peak power output (PPO). They subsequently completed the 4 × 4 protocol, during which HR and power output were monitored. Data showed that 12.9 ± 0.4 min of 16 min were spent between 85 and 95% HR max, with time spent significantly lower in interval 1 (2.7 ± 0.6 min) versus intervals 2–4 (3.4 ± 0.4 min, 3.4 ± 0.3 min, and 3.5 ± 0.3 min, d = 2.4–2.7). Power output was highest in interval 1 (75% PPO) and significantly declined in intervals 2–4 (63 to 54% PPO, d = 0.7–1.0). To enhance time spent between 85 and 95% HR max for persons with higher fitness, we recommend immediate allocation of supramaximal intensities in interval one.

Acute High-Intensity Interval Training Improves Tvent and Peak Power Output in Highly Trained Males

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 336-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Laursen ◽  
Michelle A. Blanchard ◽  
David G. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Power Output ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

This study examined the effects of four high-intensity interval-training (HIT) sessions performed over 2 weeks on peak volume of oxygen uptake [Formula: see text] the first and second ventilatory thresholds (VT1, VT2) and peak power output (PPO) in highly trained cyclists. Fourteen highly trained male cyclists [Formula: see text] performed a ramped cycle test to determine [Formula: see text]VT1, VT2, and PPO. Subjects were divided equally into a HIT group and a control group. The HIT group performed four HIT sessions (20 × 60 s at PPO, 120 s recovery); the [Formula: see text] test was repeated < 1 wk after the HIT program. Control subjects maintained their regular training program and were reassessed under the same timeline. There was no change in [Formula: see text] for either group; however, the HIT group showed a significantly greater increase in VT1 (+22% vs. −3%), VT2 (+15% vs. −1%), and PPO (+4.3 vs. −4%) compared to controls (all P < .05). This study has demonstrated that HIT can improve VT1, VT2 and PPO, following only four HIT sessions in already highly trained cyclists. Key words: cycling, cyclists, heart rate, oxygen uptake, short-term training, ventilatory threshold

The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training in Well-Trained Rowers

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Driller ◽  
James W. Fell ◽  
John R. Gregory ◽  
Cecilia M. Shing ◽  
Andrew D. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Baseline Testing ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Purpose:Several recent studies have reported substantial performance and physiological gains in well-trained endurance runners, swimmers, and cyclists following a period of high-intensity interval training (HIT). The aim of the current study was to compare traditional rowing training (CT) to HIT in well-trained rowers.Methods:Subjects included 5 male and 5 female rowers (mean ± SD; age = 19 ± 2 y; height = 176 ± 8 cm; mass = 73.7 ± 9.8 kg; Vo2peak = 4.37 ± 1.08 L·min−1). Baseline testing included a 2000-m time trial and a maximal exercise test to determine Vo2peak, 4-min all-out power, and 4 mmol·L−1 blood lactate threshold. Following baseline testing, rowers were randomly allocated to HIT or CT, which they performed seven times over a 4-wk period. The HIT involved 8 × 2.5-min intervals at 90% of the velocity maintained at Vo2peak, with individual recoveries returning to 70% of the subjects’ maximal heart rate between intervals. The CT intensity consisted of workloads corresponding to 2 and 3 mmol·L−1 blood lactate concentrations. On completion of HIT or CT, rowers repeated the testing performed at baseline and were then allocated to the alternative training program and completed a crossover trial.Results:HIT produced greater improvements in 2000-m time (1.9 ± 0.9%; mean ± SD), 2000-m power (5.8 ± 3.0%), and relative Vo2peak (7.0 ± 6.4%) than CT.Conclusion:Four weeks of HIT improves 2000-m time-trial performance and relative Vo2peak in competitive rowers, more than a traditional approach.

scholarly journals Effects of work-interval duration and sport specificity on blood lactate concentration, heart rate and perceptual responses during high intensity interval training

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. e0200690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Warr-di Piero ◽  
Teresa Valverde-Esteve ◽  
Juan Carlos Redondo-Castán ◽  
Carlos Pablos-Abella ◽  
José Vicente Sánchez-Alarcos Díaz-Pintado
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Interval Duration ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
High Intensity Interval

A Comparison of Heart Rate Training Load and Perceptual Effort Between Masters and Young Cyclists

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 759-762
Author(s):  
Nattai R. Borges ◽  
Aaron T. Scanlan ◽  
Peter R. Reaburn ◽  
Thomas M. Doering
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Training Load ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Age Related ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Training Impulse

Purpose: Due to age-related changes in the psychobiological state of masters athletes, this brief report aimed to compare training load responses using heart rate (HR) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) during standardized training sessions between masters and young cyclists. Methods: Masters (n = 10; 55.6 [5.0] y) and young (n = 8; 25.9 [3.0] y) cyclists performed separate endurance and high-intensity interval training sessions. Endurance intensity was set at 95% of ventilatory threshold 2 for 1 hour. High-intensity interval training consisted of 6 × 30-second intervals at 175% peak power output with 4.5-minute rest between intervals. HR was monitored continuously and RPE collected at standardized time periods during each session. Banister training impulse and summated-HR-zones training loads were also calculated. Results: Despite a significantly lower mean HR in masters cyclists during endurance (P = .04; d = 1.06 [±0.8], moderate) and high-intensity interval training (P = .01; d = 1.34 [±0.8], large), no significant differences were noted (P > .05) when responses were determined relative to maximum HR or converted to training impulse and summated-HR-zone loads. Furthermore, no interaction or between-group differences were evident for RPE across either session (P > .05). Conclusions: HR and RPE values were comparable between masters and young cyclists when relative HR responses and HR training load models are used. This finding suggests HR and RPE methods used to monitor or prescribe training load can be used interchangeably between masters and young athletes irrespective of chronological age.

scholarly journals Recovery from Different High-Intensity Interval Training Protocols: Comparing Well-Trained Women and Men

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Laura Hottenrott ◽  
Martin Möhle ◽  
Alexander Ide ◽  
Sascha Ketelhut ◽  
Oliver Stoll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Subjective Rating ◽  
Maximal Heart Rate ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Active Recovery ◽  
Training Response ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Due to physiological and anatomical sex differences, there are variations in the training response, and the recovery periods following exercise may be different. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) protocols are well-suited to differentially investigate the course of recovery. This study was conducted to determine sex-specific differences in the recovery following HIIT intervals interspersed with recovery phases of different lengths. Methods: Well-trained cyclists and triathletes (n = 11 females, n = 11 males) participated in this study. There were no significant sex differences in maximal heart rate (HR), relative peak power to body mass and fat-free mass, training volume, and VO2max-percentiles (females: 91.8 ± 5.5 %, males: 94.6 ± 5.4 %). A 30 s Wingate test was performed four times, separated by different active recovery periods (1, 3, or 10 min). Lactate, HR, oxygen uptake, and subjective rating of exertion and recovery were determined. Results: For the recovery time of three and ten minutes, men showed significantly higher lactate concentrations (p = 0.04, p = 0.004). Contrary, HR recovery and subjective recovery were significant slower in women than in men. Conclusion: During HIIT, women may be more resistant to fatigue and have a greater ability to recover metabolically, but have a slower HR and subjective recovery.

Protein Supplementation Does Not Improve Aerobic and Anaerobic Fitness in Collegiate Dancers Performing Cycling Based High Intensity Interval Training

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Alfiero ◽  
Samantha J. Brooks ◽  
Hannah M. Bideganeta ◽  
Coby Contreras ◽  
Ann F. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Appendicular Skeletal Muscle ◽  
High Intensity Interval

The effects of a 6-week cycling high-intensity interval training (HIIT) concurrently with protein supplementation on aerobic and anaerobic fitness and body composition in collegiate dancers was investigated. Eighteen participants enrolled in a collegiate dance program were matched into three groups: high-protein (HP; 90 g·d-1), moderate-protein (MP; 40 g·d-1), and control (C; 0 g·d-1). All participants performed a 6-week HIIT intervention. Participants completed a graded exercise test, Wingate anaerobic test (Wingate), and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry scan before and after the intervention. Peak heart rate (HRpeak), peak oxygen uptake (VOpeak), peak power output (PPO), lactate threshold (LT), and ventilatory thresholds 1 (VT1) and 2 (VT2) were assessed during the graded exercise test. Peak power output, mean power output (MPO), and fatigue index (FI) were assessed during the Wingate. Lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM), visceral adipose tissue, appendicular skeletal muscle mass, and appendicular skeletal muscle mass index were assessed during dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Body composition index (BCI) was calculated from pre and post LM and FM. Habitual diet was recorded weekly. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. No significant differences in VO2peak and percent fat mass (%FM) were observed between groups prior to the intervention. Significant main effects for time were observed for HRpeak (p = 0.02), VO2peak (p < 0.001), PPO (p < 0.01), LT (p < 0.001), VT1 (p < 0.001), and VT2 (p < 0.001) during the graded exercise test, and PPO (p < 0.01) and FI (p < 0.01) during the Wingate. Significant main effects for time were observed for LM (kg; p = 0.01) and FM (kg; p < 0.01). Body composition index was improved for all groups, however, no significant differences by group were observed. No significant differences were observed between groups for the measured outcomes (p > 0.05). Therefore, there was no effect of protein supplementation in the short 6-week intervention. This cycling based HIIT routine increased physical fitness, optimized aesthetics, and was a simple addition to an existing collegiate dance curriculum.

scholarly journals The Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training vs. Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training on Heart Rate Variability in Physically Inactive Adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alansare ◽  
Ken Alford ◽  
Sukho Lee ◽  
Tommie Church ◽  
Hyun Jung
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Continuous Training ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
High Intensity Interval ◽  
Physically Inactive

Physically inactive adults are prevalent worldwide. This study compared the effects of short-term high-intensity interval training (HIIT) versus moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on heart rate variability (HRV) in physically inactive adults as a preliminary study. Thirteen physically inactive male adults (27.5 ± 3.80 years) were randomly assigned to HIIT (N = 7) or MICT (N = 6). The HIIT program consisted of 20 min of interval training with cycling to rest ratio of 10/50 s at ≥90% HRpeak, while the MICT program consisted of 40 min of continuous cycling at 60–75% HRpeak. Both groups completed eight sessions of training within two weeks. Time and frequency domains of HRV were measured for 20 min with Actiwave-Cardio monitor (CamNtech, UK). The number of R-R interval and inter-beat interval (IBI) were significantly improved (p < 0.05) in both HIIT and MICT programs following eight sessions of training. A significant interaction effect for group by time was found in the lnLF/HF ratio (p < 0.05) where it was only improved in the HIIT group from pre- to post-test. The HIIT program is superior to MICT in improving HRV in physically inactive adults. The HIIT program can be applied as a time-efficient program for improving cardiac-autoregulation.

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