scholarly journals The long-term consequence of salivary contamination at various stages of adhesive application and clinically feasible remedies to decontaminate

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 4413-4426
Author(s):  
Pooja Nair ◽  
Nicoleta Ilie
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Surface Preparation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bond Quality ◽  
Human Dentine ◽  
Adhesive Application ◽  
Saliva Contamination ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Objective To analyse the bond quality in dentine post-ageing after salivary contamination and decontamination at different stages of dental adhesive application. Materials and methods A total of 1120 human dentine specimens were randomly allocated to 14 groups for four intervals (n = 20) to be treated with a self-etching (SE) and universal (U) adhesive. The saliva contamination and decontamination were implemented after surface preparation, after primer application (for SE) and after adhesive curing. The decontamination groups were either rinsed and air-dried or rinsed, air-dried and reapplied with adhesive. They were stored (37 °C, distilled water) for four intervals (1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 1 year) and subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) test at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Result One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test (α = 0.05) revealed significant reduction in SBS in all the groups in U adhesive compared with the control group at 1 week (p < 0.0001) and in SE when the contamination took place after primer application. However, decontamination improved the SBS in SE but not in U adhesive. The univariate analysis confirmed significant influences (p < 0.0001) seen by treatment procedure ($$ {\eta}_{\mathrm{p}}^2 $$ η p 2 =0.075), type of adhesive ($$ {\eta}_{\mathrm{p}}^2 $$ η p 2  = 0.328), ageing ($$ {\eta}_{\mathrm{p}}^2 $$ η p 2  = 0.13), experimental groups ($$ {\eta}_{\mathrm{p}}^2 $$ η p 2  = 0.518), and the stage of influence ($$ {\eta}_{\mathrm{p}}^2 $$ η p 2  = 0.60). Conclusion Saliva contamination is detrimental after primer application in SE but, decontamination regained the SBS and maintained it over time. In U adhesive, SBS deteriorated over time irrespective of the contamination. Clinical relevance Salivary contamination showed different influences on SBS at various stages of restoration with contemporary dental adhesives.

scholarly journals OP0157-HPR CHANGES IN PAIN AND HAND FUNCTION AFTER MULTIMODAL OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY AND/OR SURGERY IN PATIENTS WITH CARPOMETACARPAL OSTEOARTHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 94-95
Author(s):  
A. T. Tveter ◽  
N. Osteras ◽  
R. Nossum ◽  
R. E. Mehl Eide ◽  
Å. Klokkeide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Hand Function ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Secondary Analyses ◽  
Carpometacarpal Osteoarthritis ◽  
Over Time

Background:Carpometacarpal osteoarthritis (CMC1 OA) is a subset of hand OA, often leading to pain and functional limitations. The EULAR recommends conservative treatment as first-line management, and a recent study showed significant short-term effect of multimodal occupational therapy on pain and hand function in patients referred to surgical consultation1. However, long-term results are lacking.Objectives:To explore the long-term effect of multimodal occupational therapy on pain and hand function in patients with CMC1 OA, and to assess the differences between those undergoing surgery or not in the two groups.Methods:This project presents secondary analyses of a multicentre RCT. Patients referred by their general practitioner to surgical consultation due to CMC1 OA at three Norwegian hospitals from 2013-2015 were eligible. During the waiting period between referral and surgical consultation, 180 patients were randomized to usual care (information, n=90) or a 3-month multimodal occupational therapy intervention (patient education, hand exercises, orthoses and assistive devices, n=90). Patients were assessed at baseline, and 4 (before surgical consultation), 18 and 24 months. Pain at rest was assessed using a 11-point numeric rating scale, and hand function was self-reported with the MAP-Hand (1-4, 1=no problem). The long-term within- and between-group differences on pain and hand function were assessed using repeated measure ANOVA. Sub-analyses were done among those undergoing surgery or not in the two groups. P-value <0.05.Results:163 patients (63 (8) years, 81% women) were included in the analyses. Both groups showed a significant reduction in pain and improvement in hand function over time (p<0.001), with a significant between-group difference for pain (F (1, 161) = 8.56, p = 0.004), in favour of the intervention group, but not hand function.After 2 years, 22 patients had undergone surgery in the intervention group vs 29 in the control group. No significant difference over time were found in pain or hand function between those undergoing surgery or not in the two groups. However, at the time of the surgical consultation, significantly higher pain (Figure 1) and poorer hand function were reported among those later undergoing surgery in the control group (p≤0.001). Surgery did not lead to further improvement in pain and hand function in the intervention group.Figure 1.Between-group difference on pain over a 2-year period. The control group is marked in light grey and the intervention group in black. Those who underwent surgery are marked with dotted lines, while those who did not are marked with solid lines (n=163)Conclusion:The results showed that the positive effect of multimodal occupational therapy on pain and hand function persisted over the 2-year period, however, no significant between-groups difference over time was found. No significant between-group differences were found when dividing into sub-groups, however, those later undergoing surgery in the control group scored significantly worse on pain and hand function at the time of surgical consultation. The results may imply that patients who would benefit from surgery were identified, and that surgery does not give an additional benefit in patients who have received multimodal occupational therapy. This needs to be further investigated.References:[1]Tveter AT, Østerås N, Nossum R, Eide REM, Klokkeide Å, Hoegh Matre K, et al. Short-term effects of occupational therapy on hand function and pain in patients with carpometacarpal osteoarthritis: secondary analyses from a randomized controlled trial. Arthritis care & research. 2020:10.1002/acr.24543Acknowledgements:We would like to acknowledge Øyvor Andreassen for her contribution throughout the project as a patient representative.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Analysis of Outcome Predictors of Migraine Towards Chronicity

Cephalalgia ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 5 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Baldrati ◽  
Lucia Bini ◽  
Roberto D'Alessandro ◽  
Pietro Cortelli ◽  
Daniela de Capoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Episodic Migraine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Outcome Predictors ◽  
Logistic Regression Method ◽  
Group A ◽  
Random Probability

Long-term migraine evolution is still undefined. The poorest outcome is the transformation from episodic attacks to a pattern of daily attacks or continuous headache with intermittent attacks. We called these cases “chronic migraine”. The aim of our study was to investigate whether some clinical variables contributed to migraine chronicity. We interviewed 50 patients with chronic migraine from 2 to 15 years and 90 patients with episodic migraine matched for sex and age as a control group. Univariate analysis revealed two correlations with a chronic outcome: (1) In the control group a significantly higher number of women took oral contraceptives. (2) In the group who developed chronic migraine, there were a greater number of smokers, without reaching statistical significance. The stepwise multiple logistic regression method showed that these two variables influence the prognosis with a maximum likelihood estimate of 65%, hence not much higher than random probability.

scholarly journals Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis in Long-Termed Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heng-Jung Hsu ◽  
Shih-Ying Yang ◽  
I-Wen Wu ◽  
Kuang-Hung Hsu ◽  
Chiao-Yin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Treatment Duration ◽  
Logistic Model ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dialysis Patients ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Model

Background.Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare but serious clinical complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with high mortality. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics of patients with EPS and to search for possible factors useful for EPS prevention and early diagnosis.Method.This retrospective study was performed in a single dialysis center in Taiwan between August 1990 and April 2014. Overall, a total of 565 patients were included and the medical records of those patients who had developed EPS (EPS group) and those who had not developed EPS (control group) were collected. We compared several factors between these two groups.Result.In the univariate analysis, EPS was significantly associated with a change of transport state (Delta 2) (p= 0.007), duration of PD (p< 0.001), duration of peritonitis treatment (p= 0.001), number of peritonitis episodes (p= 0.002), and fungus related peritonitis (p= 0.031). After multivariate logistic model analysis, we found that only the duration of PD was independently significantly associated with EPS (p= 0.034). In addition, we used the ROC curve and found that a duration of peritoneal dialysis of about 8.4 years is the best cut-off point to predict EPS occurrence.Conclusion.In this study, long-termed PD duration is the only strong independent risk factor for EPS development. Total peritonitis times, total peritonitis treatment duration, and marked increased peritoneal D/Pcrratio were also significantly associated with the duration of PD.

Quality of Life in Long-Term Breast Cancer Survivors

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (28) ◽  
pp. 3540-3548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Hsu ◽  
Marguerite Ennis ◽  
Nicky Hood ◽  
Margaret Graham ◽  
Pamela J. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Breast Cancer Survivors ◽  
Distant Recurrence ◽  
Longitudinal Change ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Over Time

Purpose There is considerable interest in the quality of life (QOL) of long-term breast cancer (BC) survivors. We studied changes in QOL from time of BC diagnosis to long-term survivorship and compared QOL in long-term survivors to that of age-matched women with no history of BC. Patients and Methods In all, 535 women with localized BC (T1-3N0-1M0) were recruited from 1989 to 1996 and followed prospectively, completing QOL questionnaires at diagnosis and 1 year postdiagnosis. Between 2005 and 2007, those alive without distant recurrence were recontacted to participate in a long-term follow-up (LTFU) study. A control group was recruited from women presenting for screening mammograms, and both groups completed LTFU QOL questionnaires. Longitudinal change in BC survivors and differences between BC survivors and controls were assessed in eight broad categories with clinically significant differences set at 5% and 10% of the breadth of each QOL scale. Results A total of 285 patients with BC were included in the study, on average 12.5 years postdiagnosis. Longitudinally, clinically significant improvements were observed in overall QOL by 1 year postdiagnosis with further improvements by LTFU. Some clinically significant improvements over time were seen in all categories. A total of 167 controls were recruited. Deficits were observed in self-reported cognitive functioning (5.3% difference) and financial impact (6.3% difference) in BC survivors at LTFU compared with controls. Conclusion Long-term BC survivors show improvement in many domains of QOL over time, and they appear to have similar QOL in most respects to age-matched noncancer controls, although small deficits in cognition and finances were identified.

Short- and Long-Term Effects of Auxiliary Labels on Patient Knowledge of Precautionary Drug Information

1988 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 470-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Candace S. Brown ◽  
Brenda L. Solovitz ◽  
Stephen G. Bryant ◽  
Brock G. Guernsey ◽  
Seymour Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Drug Information ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Over Time

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of auxiliary prescription labels in educating outpatients about medicines at two different time periods. Five hundred fifty-nine patients were randomly assigned either to an experimental group or a control group; each person in the experimental group received a prescription bottle to which one study auxiliary label (“sticker”) had been affixed, and those in the control group received bottles with no study sticker attached. Patients were interviewed by telephone approximately one week or two months after prescription pick up. Patients who had the study sticker affixed to their prescription bottle were significantly more knowledgeable after one week about precautionary information than those patients who did not receive stickers; however, sticker-group patients receiving the delayed interview incorrectly attributed many precautions to their medication. This is the first controlled study to document that auxiliary labels increase short-term knowledge about medications, and to suggest that the same labels may result in an inappropriate generalization over time.

After ethnic civil war

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 817-831 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Dyrstad
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
War Experiences ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Over Time

While the study of the causes of civil war is a well-established subdiscipline in international relations, the effects of civil war on society remain less understood. Yet, such effects could have crucial implications for long-term stability and democracy in a country after the reaching of a peace agreement. This article contributes to the understanding of the effects of warfare on interethnic relations, notably attitudes of ethno-nationalism. Two hypotheses are tested: first, that the prevalence of ethno-nationalism is higher after than before the war, and second, that individuals who have been directly affected by the war are more nationalist than others. The variation in ethno-nationalism is examined over time, between countries, and between ethnic groups. Three countries that did not experience conflict on their own territory serve as a control group. The effect of individual war exposure is also tested in the analysis. Sources include survey data from the former Yugoslavia in 1989, shortly before the outbreak of war in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and in 2003, some years after the violence in the region ended. Contrary to common beliefs, the study shows that ethno-nationalism does not necessarily increase with ethnic civil war. The individual war experiences are less important than expected.

Long-term efficacy of levonorgestrel implants for fertility control of eastern grey kangaroos (Macropus giganteus)

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Coulson ◽  
Christopher D. Nave ◽  
Geoff Shaw ◽  
Marilyn B. Renfree
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fertility Control ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acceptable Alternative ◽  
Term Efficacy ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Over Time

Overabundant populations of kangaroos pose substantial management problems in small parks on the fringe of urban areas in Australia. Translocation is impractical and culling is often not publicly acceptable, but fertility control offers an acceptable alternative. One potential contraceptive is levonorgestrel, which provides effective long-term contraception in women, and prevents births in some marsupials for up to five years. We evaluated the long-term efficacy of levonorgestrel in free-ranging eastern grey kangaroos (M. giganteus) at two sites in Victoria, Australia. We trapped 25 adult females at one site (Portland Aluminium), treating 18 with two subcutaneous 70-mg levonorgestrel implants and seven with control (inert) implants. We darted 25 adult females at the other site (Woodlands Historic Park), treating all with two 70-mg levonorgestrel implants. We monitored the reproductive status of the kangaroos, as indicated by the obvious presence of a pouch young, in spring each year for up to seven years. In the first three years at Portland, 81–86% of levonorgestrel-treated females were infertile, compared with 12–29% in the control group, but the effectiveness of fertility control declined over time. At this site, the proportions of treated females breeding in the fourth, fifth, sixth and seventh years of the trial were 36%, 50%, 67% and 100% respectively. Fecundity at Woodlands was similar. Although this protocol achieved fertility control for several years, it was likely that more than one treatment or a higher dose rate would be required for effective fertility control in this long-lived species.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Modisco Iii dengan Penambahan Kedelai terhadap Kadar Albumin pada Tikus Kekurangan Energi Protein

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Hasna Nur Afina ◽  
Sugeng Maryanto
Keyword(s):  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Albumin Content ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Paired T Test

PEM is a condition where a person experiences a lack of long-term energy and protein intake. PEM is characterized by hypoalbuminemia and indigestion. Efforts to treat hypoalbuminemia sufferers by giving PMT in the form of soy formula. Before being given, it is necessary to test PER soybean modisco to see the quality of protein as well as digestibility of soy protein containing 40% vegetable protein and albumin of 2.25%. Some studies explain that soy can increase serum albumin levels in PEM infants with hypoalbuminemia. This research aims  to determine the effect of modisco III supplementation with soybean on albumin content in PEM rats. This study used a randomized pretest posttest control group design. The research sample of 24 male Wistar rats. Data analysis using univariate analysis (description) and paired T-test. The average PER value of the four rations was relatively low PER <2.5. Giving modisco soybeans can increase albumin as much as 2.49 g / dl. The quality of protein from Modisco III with the addition of soybeans is included in the poor category. There was a significant effect of modisco III supplementation with soybean on PEM albumin levels. Abtrak : KEP merupakan kondisi dimana seseorang mengalami kekurangan asupan energi dan protein jangka panjang. KEP ditandai dengan kondisi hypoalbuminemia dan gangguan daya cerna. Upaya penanganan penderita hypoalbuminemia dengan pemberian PMT berupa formula kedelai. Sebelum diberikan perlu uji PER modisco kedelai untuk melihat mutu protein sekaligus daya cerna protein Kedelai mengandung protein nabati sebanyak 40% dan albumin sebesar 2,25%. Beberapa penelitian menjelaskan bahwa kedelai mampu meningkatkan kadar albumin serum pada balita KEP dengan hypoalbuminemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian modisco III dengan penambahan kedelai terhadap kadar albumin pada tikus KEP. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan randomized pretest posttest control grup design. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 24 ekor tikus jantan wistar. Analisis data menggunakan Analisa univariat (deskripsi) dan paired T-test.. Rata-rata nilai PER keempat ransum tergolong rendah PER < 2,5.  Pemberian modisco kedelai mampu meningkatkan albumin sebanyak 2,49 g/dl. Mutu protein dari Modisco III dengan penambahan kedelai termasuk dalam kategori kurang baik. Terdapat pengaruh yang bermakna pemberian modisco III dengan penambahan kedelai terhadap kadar albumin tikus KEP.

scholarly journals Effect of Dog-Assisted Therapy on Psychomotor Development of Children with Intellectual Disability

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Andżelina Wolan-Nieroda ◽  
Jadwiga Dudziak ◽  
Mariusz Drużbicki ◽  
Bogumiła Pniak ◽  
Agnieszka Guzik
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Motor Planning ◽  
Psychomotor Development ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Identification Test ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Sense Of Touch ◽  
Over Time

Background: Although dog-assisted therapy (DAT) has been used for years, there is still a scarcity of research findings confirming efficacy of the method. The current study was designed to assess effects of DAT on psychomotor development of children with mild intellectual disabilities. Material and method: The study involved 60 children with mild intellectual disabilities, aged 10–13 years, divided into a group participating in a 10-month DAT program, and the control group. Four tests were applied, i.e., finger identification, postural imitation, kinaesthesia, and Bourdon-Wiersma Dot Cancellation Test. The examinations were carried out before the start and at the end of the DAT, and at a two-month follow-up. Results: The results obtained by the DAT group in all the four tests, at all the three timepoints, were not the same (p < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in the measurement at the end of the therapy between the DAT group and the controls. On the other hand, the DAT group achieved significantly better scores (p = 0.001 and p = 0.001), compared to the control, in the follow-up measurements two months after the end of the therapy in postural imitation and finger identification tests. Conclusions: Some of the scores achieved by the children in the DAT group improved in the measurements performed over time. Two months after the therapy ended, the children in the DAT group presented greater gains in motor planning (postural imitation test) and in the sense of touch, attention, and concentration (finger identification test), compared to the control group. Although the measurement performed immediately after the therapy did not show significant differences between the DAT group and the controls, the examination carried out at the two-month follow-up identified long-term gains in the treatment group in the domain of motor planning (postural imitation test).

scholarly journals Long-term course of cognitive impairment in schizophrenia

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (6) ◽  
pp. 556-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Morrison ◽  
Ronan O'Carroll ◽  
Robin McCreadie
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Verbal Intelligence ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Differential Change ◽  
Over Time

SummaryThe aim of this study was to examine the long-term course of cognitive impairment in people with schizophrenia. Forty-three people with schizophrenia were followed up over an average of 33 years along with a control group of 12 matched individuals free from psychosis. Cognitive function was assessed at baseline and follow-up. The participants with schizophrenia were found to show impairment in verbal and non-verbal intelligence at baseline compared with estimated premorbid scores, this was not found in the control group. At follow-up there was a significant decline in non-verbal intelligence over time in participants with schizophrenia compared with controls (P=0.007). This differential change over time was not seen in verbal intelligence (P= 0.318).

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