scholarly journals Drivers of abrupt and gradual changes in agricultural systems in Chad

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Nilsson ◽  
Per Becker ◽  
Cintia Bertacchi Uvo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Rural Livelihoods ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Market Prices ◽  
Economic Transformations

Abstract The countries in the Sahel are undergoing rapid changes due to a mixture of demographic, ecological, and economic transformations. Rural livelihoods in these countries are predominantly engaged in agriculture, which is a foundational component of both food security and the general economy. The relationships between ongoing socio-economic transformation and the agricultural sector are clearly important to address poverty and sustainable development, but have received little academic attention on a subnational level of analysis. This paper addresses this by bringing together new datasets on demography, international aid, food security reports, and soil moisture to analyze the drivers of change in the agricultural sector on a subnational level in Chad. Both regression analyses and qualitative methods based on descriptions in food security reports are used to evaluate the relationships between these datasets to agricultural statistics for the period 1990–2016. It finds that changes to crop water availability from rainfall largely are decoupled from the long-term increases in crop production. On the other hand, it shows that population changes and international aid can explain differences in long-term agricultural changes between Chad’s regions. Moreover, stochastic factors such as farm support programs, market prices, access to new markets, and accommodation of refugees are identified as important to grasp abrupt changes in the crop production. Beyond the specific findings for Chad, this study presents a framework for improved evaluation of the drivers behind subnational crop production on multi-annual and decadal time scales, with broad applicability to agricultural systems in the Sahel.

scholarly journals Mid storage seed hardening: a mechanical method to maintain seed viability during long term jute seed preservation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Md. Nasir Uddin ◽  
S. M. Mahbub Ali ◽  
Md. Abu Sadat ◽  
Md Amazed Hossain Chowdhury ◽  
Israt Jahan Mumu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Oil Degradation ◽  
Hardening Treatment

Seed plays an important role in agricultural sector for both production and consumption purpose. Availability of vigour seed is one of the major constraints for maximizing crop production. However, healthy seed can also lose its viability during seed storage by changing different physio-chemical properties. Influence of environmental factors and seed containers during storage leading to seed deterioration. In this research, mid storage seed hardening treatment was applied in different aged seeds of jute species (C. Capsularis & C. olitorius) with two types of storage bags. Seed hardening treatment showed the less moisture content with better germination percentage compared to the untreated species of jute seeds. Seed packing in polythene bags during both short and long term seed storages had higher viable seeds compared to the cloth packing seeds. The effect of seed hardening treatment on seed oil content and pattern of oil degradation is distinct in early period of storage. The faster rate of oil degradation, soluble protein and free amino acids was found in seeds of un-treated stored seeds in cloth bag. Contrary, very slow rate of oil degradation was observed in harden seed and stored in polythene bag which indicated better storability of harden seeds.

From Food Production to Commodity Production in Argentina’s Agricultural Sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 71-87
Author(s):  
Tomás Palmisano
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Food Sovereignty ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Commodity Production

An analysis of the semiotic and productive transformation of food crops under Argentina’s agribusiness model through a study of the diffusion of the term “commodity” in the discourse produced/reproduced by the rural sections of the hegemonic media, combined with statistical data that allow a dialogue between discourse and measurable quantities, concludes that defining the Argentine countryside as a place for commodity production is linked with increasing crop production for export that leads to the erosion of food sovereignty and food security. Un análisis de las transformaciones semióticas y productivas de los frutos de la tierra bajo el modelo argentino de los agronegocios que examina la extensión del término commodity en los discursos producidos/reproducidos por las secciones rurales de los medios gráficos de comunicación hegemónicos, entrecruzado con datos estadísticos para poner en diálogo el nivel del discurso con el de las cantidades medibles, concluye que la consigna que define al campo argentino como un lugar de producción de commodities se imbrica con una tendencia a la intensificación de los cultivos orientados exclusivamente a la exportación y la erosión de la soberanía y seguridad alimentaria.

scholarly journals Cereal Production Trends under Climate Change: Impacts and Adaptation Strategies in Southern Africa

Agriculture ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luxon Nhamo ◽  
Greenwell Mathcaya ◽  
Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi ◽  
Sibusiso Nhlengethwa ◽  
Charles Nhemachena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
International Aid ◽  
Adaptation Strategies ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Cereal Production ◽  
The Impact

The increasing frequency and intensity of droughts and floods, coupled with increasing temperatures and declining rainfall totals, are exacerbating existing vulnerabilities in southern Africa. Agriculture is the most affected sector as 95% of cultivated area is rainfed. This review addressed trends in moisture stress and the impacts on crop production, highlighting adaptation possible strategies to ensure food security in southern Africa. Notable changes in rainfall patterns and deficiencies in soil moisture are estimated and discussed, as well as the impact of rainfall variability on crop production and proposed adaptation strategies in agriculture. Climate moisture index (CMI) was used to assess aridity levels. Southern Africa is described as a climate hotspot due to increasing aridity, low adaptive capacity, underdevelopment and marginalisation. Although crop yields have been increasing due to increases in irrigated area and use of improved seed varieties, they have not been able to meet the food requirements of a growing population, compromising regional food security targets. Most countries in the region depend on international aid to supplement yield deficits. The recurrence of droughts caused by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) continue devastating the region, affecting livelihoods, economies and the environment. An example is the 2015/16 ENSO drought that caused the region to call for international aid to feed about 40 million people. In spite of the water scarcity challenges, cereal production continues to increase steadily due to increased investment in irrigated agriculture and improved crop varieties. Given the current and future vulnerability of the agriculture sector in southern Africa, proactive adaptation interventions are important to help farming communities develop resilient systems to adapt to the changes and variability in climate and other stressors.

scholarly journals Crop Production, Livestock Production and Economic Growth in Botswana (1990-2017): An Application of ARDL Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1500-1508
Author(s):  
Mufaro Andrew Matandare ◽  
Patricia Masego Makepe ◽  
Lekgatlhamang Setlhare ◽  
Jonah Bajaki Tlhalefang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Livestock Production ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Bounds Testing ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
Testing Approach

There are few studies in Botswana which have examined the relationship between agriculture and economic growth. The uniqueness of this study is grounded in investigating disintegrated agriculture components into crop production and livestock production and investigating their nexus with economic growth. This study estimated the short and long term effects between crop production, livestock production and economic growth in Botswana for the period 1990 to 2017. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lagged (ARDL) bounds testing approach was employed to investigate the stated relationship. Study findings from the ARDL bound testing approach confirm evidence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between crop production, livestock production and economic growth. Results indicated that livestock production has a positive and significant impact on economic growth both in the short run and long run. On the other hand crop production has a positive and significant impact on economic growth only in the long run. Efforts towards supporting agricultural sector growth should be emphasized to promote agricultural sector productivity in a bid to forge a move away from dependence on imports of food in Botswana. To enhance economic growth, in both the short run and long run, the government of Botswana and all relevant stakeholders should invest in and promote livestock production. In the long term, policies that foster crop production are essential for economic growth.

scholarly journals What drives smallholder farmers’ crop production choices in Central Zambia? Lessons from the 2012/2013 agricultural season

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabwe Harnadih Mubanga ◽  
Bridget Bwalya Umar ◽  
Jane Muchabi ◽  
Chishimba Mubanga
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
State Agency ◽  
Household Food Security ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Household Food

The study, conducted in central Zambia was aimed at determining the major drivers of crop production choices among smallholder farmers. It utilized recent national crop production and utilization data; 200 semi-structured interview schedules, and key informant interviews conducted with smallholder farmers and experts from the agricultural sector in Zambia respectively. Results showed that despite being confronted by late on-set of rains and post germination crop attacks by army worms which made maize (Zea mays) production extremely precarious, 61.5% of the affected smallholder farmers replanted their cultivated land with maize. The farmers had a choice of whether to replant maize which had a ready market from the state agency, the Food Reserve Agency, or to plant a drought tolerant crop such as sorghum or millet which would have guaranteed them with household food security from own production. They mainly chose the former option. They increased production of other crops such as soya beans (Glycine max), sun flower(Helianthus annuus) and cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) when contract farming with private business entities became available. Markets determined smallholder farmers’ crop production choices more than household food security from own production or availability of climate information forecasting poor rainfall distribution. The study concludes that (i) prior knowledge of climate information does not necessarily result in a change of smallholder farmers’ crop production choices in response to a predicted climate anomaly, (ii) markets are a major determinant of crops cultivated by smallholder farmers, and hence adaptation measures involving crop diversification should be designed with market availability in mind. 

scholarly journals Food Security in India: Issues and Suggestion to Improve the Public Distribution System

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 36-40
Author(s):  
T Thangalakshmi ◽  
V Suthacini
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Public Investment ◽  
Food Distribution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Distribution System ◽  
Self Sufficiency

Food security in India is unfavourably affected by several biotic and socio-political situations. The current position may get worse in the future if timely and suitable actions are not executed and planned. The discipline of human population and land for cultivation, climate change, government policies of public distribution and marketing of food grains and lack of a participatory approach all are committing to check down the availability of foods. Also, crop fecundity seems to be very much unsustainable. The situation has to be remedied by all possible means and citizens must be assured of food security. This review summarises several strategies for crop production and food distribution through the public distribution system. Finally, results indicate that India has achieved self-sufficiency in grains; it is still lagging at the back in the production of oilseeds and pulses. It is also commented that there has been a meaningful increase in the reproduction of rice, wheat, cereals, fruits, vegetables, and other products. Among the specific charges made to lift the agricultural sector from its present slowdown and stagnation, we comprise decorated increased public investment and a severe review of subsidies provided to farmers. To improve the infrastructure, credit facilities, inputs, land and water management, effective marketing and price policies, the diversification of agriculture, strengthening the improvement strategies for tackling climate change, and the strict regulation of land use and diversion of land for non-agricultural activities.

scholarly journals Memoir and Farming Structures under Soil-Less Culture (Hydroponic Farming) and the Applicability for Africa: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret S. Gumisiriza ◽  
Patrick A. Ndakidemi ◽  
Ernest R. Mbega
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Address Climate Change

Agriculture is the economic back-borne of majority of developing countries worldwide. The sector employs over 50% of the working population and contributes about 33% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in majority of African states. However, such contribution by the agricultural sector is likely to be affected by climate change, increasing human population and urbanization which impact on available agricultural land in various ways. There is thus an urgent need for developing countries to create or adopt technologies such as; soil-less farming that will not only address climate change challenges but also enhance crop production for improved food security. This paper reviews the science, origin, dynamics and farming systems under the soil-less agriculture precisely hydroponic farming to assist in widening the scope of knowledge of the hydroponic technologies and their implementation in Africa.

scholarly journals National Strategy And Policy On The Agricultural Sector During The Covid-19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 572
Author(s):  
Supardi Rusdiana ◽  
Chalid Talib
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
National Policies ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
The Impact ◽  
National Food Security

The spread of Covid-19 majorly affected the global economic stability. This major change also changed the dynamic of Indonesia economic growth. This study employed a literature study and discussion technique to analyze the situation during the spread of Covid-19. The data collected from the literature, websites, national and international news that relevant to the recent policies and conditions. This study aimed to know the strategy and policy taken by the national policymaker in the agricultural sector during the Covid-19 outbreak. Results showed that the impact of the spread of Covid-19 on the economic aspect and the strategy chosen depending on the national policies. The national policies made based on various aspects, risks, and market scenarios. The labor-intensive effort, development of the agricultural technology, and marketing efforts intensively done to engage the farmer and consumer. The long-term policies strengthen the national food security and agricultural sector. The policies of data use arranged to be applied in various sectors, especially agricultural and food security. These policies managed to encourage and accelerate the synergy of a sustainable agricultural modernization. The national food security development actively contributed to cope with the food security gap in all area in Indonesia. The long-term policies provided a better comprehension and behavior change toward the farmer wellness aspect.

scholarly journals Novel Approach for Statistical Interpretation: A Case Study from Long-Term Crop Production Experiments (Hungary)

Horticulturae ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 48
Author(s):  
László Huzsvai ◽  
Safwan Mohammed ◽  
Endre Harsányi ◽  
Adrienn Széles
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Method ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Statistical Interpretation ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Technological Interventions ◽  
Statistical Background

In recent decades, the agricultural sector has witnessed rapid technological interventions from field to the production stage. Thus, the importance of these technological interventions must be strictly evaluated. The traditional statistical method often deems low statistical differences as a significant one, which cannot be considered effective from different perspectives. In this sense, the aim of this research was to develop a new statistical method for evaluating agricultural experiments based on different criteria; hence, the significant importance of the technological interventions can be clearly determined. Data were collected from of a long-term (13-year) crop production experiment (Central Europe, Hungary), which involved five different fertilization levels, along with non-fertilized treatment (control), two irrigation treatments (irrigated and non-irrigated), and 15–20 genotypes of maize. The output of this research showed that the classic statistical approach for testing the significant differences among treatments should be accompanied with our new suggested approach (i.e., professional test), which reflect whether treatments were professionally effective or not. Also, results showed that good statistical background is not enough for interoperating the analysis of agricultural experiments. This research suggested that erroneous conclusions can be avoided by merging classical and professional statistical tests, and correct recommendations could be provided to decision makers and farmers based on their financial resources.

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