Clinical effectiveness of neuraminidase inhibitors—oseltamivir, zanamivir, laninamivir, and peramivir—for treatment of influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 infection: an observational study in the 2010–2011 influenza season in Japan

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 858-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yugo Shobugawa ◽  
Reiko Saito ◽  
Clyde Dapat ◽  
Isolde Caperig Dapat ◽  
Hiroki Kondo ◽  
...  
Author(s):  
Marianne Wedde ◽  
Djin-Ye Oh ◽  
Silke Buda ◽  
Andrea Thürmer ◽  
Sandra Kaiser ◽  
...  

Background Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus entered the human population in 2009 and evolved within this population for more than ten years. Despite genetic evolution no remarkable changes in the antigenic reactive pattern of these viruses were observed so far. Methods Primary respiratory samples of the German influenza virological sentinel were investigated by qPCR. Influenza virus-positive samples were characterized genetically and antigenetically. Results In December 2019, a antigenic drift variant characterized by an N156K substitution in the hemagglutinin of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus emerged in Germany, which exhibited a reactivity to ferret antiserum that was an average 6 log2 lower than the vaccine virus A/Brisbane/02/2018 and the other A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses circulating in the influenza season 2019-2020. These viruses accounted for 20% of all A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses characterized in the German influenza sentinel. Patients infected with these viruses had a shorter median time period of medical consultation after onset of symptoms and were more frequently treated with neuraminidase inhibitors in comparison to patients infected with other A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses. Conclusions This parallel circulation of two antigenic variants of A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses which differ remarkably in their antigenic reactive pattern contributes to a greater variability in circulating influenza viruses and challenges vaccination.


2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S35-S35
Author(s):  
Joanna Kimball ◽  
Yuwei Zhu ◽  
Dayna Wyatt ◽  
Helen Talbot

Abstract Background Despite influenza vaccination, some patients develop illness and require hospitalization. Many factors contribute to vaccine failure, including mismatch of the vaccine and circulating strains, waning immunity, timing of influenza season, age and patient comorbidities such as immune function. This study compared vaccinated, hospitalized patients with and without influenza. Methods This study used 2015–2019 Tennessee data from the US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network database. Enrolled patients were ≥ 18 years vaccinated for the current influenza season and admitted with an acute respiratory illness. Patient or surrogate interviews and medical chart abstractions were performed, and influenza vaccinations were confirmed by vaccine providers. Influenza PCR testing was performed in a research lab. Statistical analyses were performed with STATA and R using Pearson’s chi-squared, Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests and multivariate logistic regression. Results 1236 patients met study criteria, and 235 (19%) tested positive for influenza. Demographics, vaccines and comorbidities were similar between the two groups (Table 1) except for morbid obesity, which was more common in influenza negative patients (13% vs 8%, p = 0.04), and immunosuppression, which was more common in the influenza positive (63% vs 54%, p = 0.01). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated older patients (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.03–2.10) and immunosuppressed patients (OR 1.56, 1.15–2.12) were at increased risk for influenza (Table 2 and Figure 1). Immunosuppression also increased the risk for influenza A/H3N2 (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.25–2.75). A sensitivity analysis was performed on patients who self-reported influenza vaccination for the current season without vaccine verification and demonstrated increased risk of influenza in older adults (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.16–2.39). Table 1: Demographics of influenza positive versus influenza negative patients in influenza vaccinated, hospitalized patients. Table 2: Logistic regression analyses of vaccinated, hospitalized influenza positive patients; vaccinated, hospitalized patients with influenza A subtypes and self-reported vaccinated, hospitalized influenza positive patients. Figure 1: Predicted Probability of Hospitalization with Influenza, Influenza A/H1N1 and Influenza A/H3N2 in Vaccinated Patients by Age. Conclusion Our study demonstrated an increased risk of influenza vaccine failure in older patients and immunosuppressed patients. These groups are also at increased risk for influenza complications. To improve protection of these patients against future influenza illnesses, more effective vaccines are needed, and more research on ring vaccination should be pursued. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures


2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. E55-E62 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Viasus ◽  
E. Cordero ◽  
J. Rodríguez-Baño ◽  
J.A. Oteo ◽  
A. Fernández-Navarro ◽  
...  

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e81436
Author(s):  
Nasikarn Angkasekwinai ◽  
Bualan Kaewnapha ◽  
Duangdao Waywa ◽  
Peerawong Werarak ◽  
Sasima Tongsai ◽  
...  

2001 ◽  
Vol 1219 ◽  
pp. 845-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina S Nedyalkova ◽  
Frederick G Hayden ◽  
Robert G Webster ◽  
Larisa V Gubareva

2020 ◽  
Vol 161 (52) ◽  
pp. 2179-2187
Author(s):  
Boglárka Laky ◽  
Bálint Gergely Szabó

Összefoglaló. Bevezetés, célkitűzés: Az influenzaszezonban fellépő, elsősorban virális megbetegedések jelentős morbiditási és mortalitási teherrel rendelkeznek. Célunk volt az influenzaszerű betegséggel (ILI) és akut légúti betegséggel (ARI) kórházba felvett felnőtt betegek mikrobiológiai és klinikai karakterisztikájának leírása. Módszerek: Egycentrumos, obszervációs kohorszvizsgálatunk során a 2018/2019. évi légúti szezonban a Dél-pesti Centrumkórház – Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet Infektológiai Osztályára ILI/ARI diagnózissal felvett betegek eseteit dolgoztuk fel a kórház elektronikus adatbázisának segítségével. Bevonásra azon betegek kerültek, akiknél légúti PCR-vizsgálat történt. A bevont betegeket alcsoportokra osztottuk: klinikai ILI/ARI, PCR-pozitív ILI/ARI influezavírussal, PCR-pozitív ILI/ARI más vírussal. Elsődleges kimenetelnek a komplikált betegséglefolyást, másodlagos kimenetelnek a kórházi összhalálozást, az intenzív osztályos (ICU-) felvételt, az osztályos ápolás hosszát (LOS) és az ICU LOS-t választottuk. Statisztikai összehasonlításra a Mann–Whitney-féle U-próbát, a Fisher-féle egzakt tesztet használtuk. Eredmények: A bevont 112 eset 42,8%-ában igazolódott influenza A- vagy B-vírus, 7,1%-ban egyéb légúti vírus, második leggyakrabban az RSV etiológiai szerepe. Megelőző kórházi ellátás szignifikánsan gyakrabban fordult elő PCR-pozitív ILI/ARI esetekben (23,2% vs. 42,8%; p = 0,04); ugyanezen betegek körében a panaszok kezdetétől a diagnózisig eltelt idő kb. 1 nappal rövidebb volt (3,0 ± 4,0 vs. 4,0 ± 5,0 nap; p = 0,02). A komplikációk gyakoriságát hasonló nagyságúnak találtuk (46,4% vs. 51,8%; p = 0,72), a leggyakoribb szövődmény a tüdőgyulladás volt (45,5%). ICU-felvételre az esetek 5,4%-ában volt szükség, a kórházi összhalálozás 3,6%-nak adódott. A medián LOS 8,5 ± 8,0 nap, a medián ICU LOS ideje 20,5 ± 30,5 nap volt. Következtetés: A vizsgált légúti szezonban ILI/ARI diagnózissal felvett betegek jelentős részében influenza-, kisebb hányadban egyéb légúti vírusok voltak felelősek a klinikumért. A leggyakoribb szövődmény a pneumonia volt. A légúti PCR-vizsgálat lehetőséget nyújthat az etiológia tisztázására. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(52): 2179–2187. Summary. Introduction, objectives: A significant burden of morbidity and mortality is caused by seasonal outbreaks of respiratory viruses. Our aim was to identify clinical and microbiological differences among adult patients hospitalized with acute respiratory infection (ARI) or influenza-like illness (ILI). Methods: A single-center observational cohort study was conducted at South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases during the 2018/2019 influenza season. Patients were identified using the hospital database, and included in the study if respiratory PCR sampling was done during hospital stay. Subgroups were created according to the identified etiology: clinical ILI/ARI (no PCR positivity), PCR positive ILI/ARI with influenza, PCR positive ILI/ARI with other virus(es). Primary outcome was the occurrence of any complication, secondary outcomes were in-hospital all-cause mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, length of stay (LOS) and ICU LOS. For statistical analysis, Mann–Whitney and Fisher’s tests were used. Results: From 112 identified cases, 42.8% were caused by influenza A or B, 7.1% by other viruses, notably RSV. PCR positivity frequently associated with prior hospitalization (23.2% vs. 42.8%; p = 0.04), and shorter time from symptom onset to diagnosis (3.0 ± 4.0 vs. 4.0 ±5.0 days, p = 0.02). Complication rates were similar among subgroups (46.4% vs. 51.8%; p = 0.72), with pneumonia as a leading complication (45.5%). ICU admission was necessary in 5.4%, in-hospital all-cause mortality was 3.6%. Median LOS and ICU LOS were 8.5 ± 8.0 and 20.5 ± 30.5 days, respectively. Conclusion: During the 2018/2019 season, most ILI/ARI cases were caused by influenza, but other respiratory viruses could also be detected in lower rates. Pneumonia was the most common complication. Respiratory PCR sampling might provide a feasible way of etiology identification. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(52): 2179–2187.


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