scholarly journals The Loss of Raw Material Criticality: Implications of the Collapse of Saudi Arabian Oil Exports

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 362-370
Author(s):  
Ulrich Blum ◽  
Jiarui Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Climate Policy ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Oil Exports ◽  
Critical Resources

AbstractRaw material criticality has played an important role in geostrategic thinking, especially since the crisis surrounding the price and supply of rare earths at the beginning of the 2010s. However, once dependency and strategic importance grow too strong, substitution efforts will take place that could reduce or even eradicate the previous criticality. Critical resources rarely become obsolete very quickly. However, this could happen in the case of crude oil because climate policy is forcing defossilisation, but also because artificial scarcity is falling as a result of geostrategic rivalries that are causing oversupply. This article analyses this process and the possible consequences using Saudi Arabia as an example. The development of a green hydrogen industry has potential, but it should not be overestimated in view of the absorption capacity of the economy.

Domestic demand will reduce Saudi crude oil exports

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oil Exports

Headline SAUDI ARABIA: Domestic demand will reduce oil exports

OFFSHORE OIL SPILL RECOVERY OPERATIONS IN THE PERSIAN GULF

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
Hugh D. Williams ◽  
Gunnar Kr. Gangsaas
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
System Failure ◽  
Recovery System ◽  
The Persian Gulf ◽  
Offshore Oil ◽  
Oil Company

ABSTRACT On or about January 25, 1991, Iraqi forces in Kuwait discharged more than 4 million barrels of Kuwaiti crude oil into the Persian Gulf. The counterclockwise current carried the resulting slick southeastward along the coast of Saudi Arabia. The Saudi Arabian oil company, Aramco, chartered the multiclassed tanker and response vessel Al Waasit, based in Dubai, to assist in the offshore recovery operation. The Al Waasit's response resulted in the offshore recovery of about 100,000 barrels of oil during a 42-day period, without a recovery system failure. The authors both served on board Al Waasit as operations managers during this response operation.

Roads of Arabia: New finds of Aqaba amphorae in the Red Sea from a newly discovered wreck site at Jeddah/Eliza shoals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert Brandmeier
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Maritime Archaeology ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Red Sea Coast ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Sea Coast

This paper concerns a probable shipwreck cargo of Aqaba amphorae, which was discovered during the second season of the survey project along the Saudi Arabian coast, initiated by nautical archaeologists of Philipps-University Marburg and conducted in cooperation with members of the Saudi Commission for Tourism and Heritage in autumn 2013. Seafaring and sea trade was, according to the few ancient sources and modern research activities, a hazardous endeavor in antiquity. Transport containers like the Aqaba Amphorae played a major role in sea trade, a significant number of which have been detected on various sites along the Red Sea coast and its hinterland. The chronological classification as well as the application is far from complete, and recent archaeometrical investigations help to clarify the logistical aspects of manufacturing and distribution of Aqaba amphorae. Finding a number of remains of Aqaba amphorae at a supposed shipwreck site close to Jeddah delivers new insight into the maritime routes and activities along the western coast of Saudi Arabia. The documentary material currently available is the baseline for further research in the field of maritime archaeology as it pertains to trade in the Red Sea.

Polythene Waste Collection and Management as a Tool for Poverty Reduction: Implication for Education and National Security

2019 ◽  
pp. 280-287
Author(s):  
Adolphus Chukwuemeka Kate N.
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
National Security ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Waste Collection ◽  
Collection And Management

It has been discovered that absence of education and security in any society gives room to lawlessness and crises. This paper brings to bare the effect of waste collection and management on poverty reduction. Polythene is a by- product of crude oil. It is otherwise known as polyethylene. The use of polythene in the society is enormous and when poorly managed, constitutes at least 40% of the wastes that accumulate in the municipal. This paper views waste collection and management especially polythene as a tool for reducing poverty in the society. The emergence of recycling industries provided the platform for re-use of polythene materials thereby, making it an industrial raw material for some industries.

scholarly journals Saudi Arabian Developments

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Altbach
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Education System ◽  
Systematic Approach ◽  
Academic Development ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Higher Education System

Saudi Arabia spends significantly on higher education, and its higher education system has expanded impressively in recent years. Now the Kingdom is seeing to upgrade its higher education system and to create a more systematic approach to academic development. Challenges remain, but the effort is proceeding.

Measuring the Causes of Saudi Arabian Construction Accidents: Management and Concerns

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-14
Author(s):  
Majed M Moosa ◽  
Leo P. Oriet ◽  
Abdulrahman M Khamaj
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Safety Performance ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
New Employees ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Construction Accidents

Introduction: Research indicate that construction site accidents are a global concern, and rates are rapidly increasing. In developing countries such as Saudi Arabia, safety issues are frequently ignored, and little is known about their causes. Objectives: This study aimed to shed light on factors causing accidents in Saudi Arabian construction companies. Methods: An online detailed survey, using Google Form, of accident features was distributed randomly to potential employees in 35 construction companies in Saudi Arabia, where one of the top administrators or safety officers were required to respond to the survey. It was conducted from 1st June to 31st August, 2013. The safety practices and perceptions of accident causes were assessed. Results: The response rate was 63%. Over half of the surveyed organizations encountered all of the selected accident types. While 19 (86%) of the construction companies maintained the equipment regularly, 15 (68%) had regular maintenance staff and 13 (59%) inspected the equipment before use. Although 18 (82%) of the workers were supplied with personal protective equipment (PPE), only 12 (55%) emphasized its use and offered site orientation for new employees.  In the last part of the survey, respondents were requested to rate 25 factors affecting safety performance at the construction sites on a scale of 1 to 5, with 5 being the most important. The three most important factors of poor safety performance were the firm's top leaders, a lack of training, and the reckless operation of equipment. Conclusion: Changing attitudes of surrounding safety culture have the potential to significantly improve safety outcomes in the Saudi Arabian construction industry. Two Saudi Arabian corporations, Saudi Aramco and Saudi Chevron Petrochemical provide a positive model for increasing construction safety in the country, but there is a paucity of industry-level data. Further scholarly attention is strongly indicated.

Bioactive Compounds, High Performance Liquid Chromatography Screening of Phenolic Compounds, and Antioxidant Potential Activity of Saffron (Crocus sativus L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 700-704
Author(s):  
Mohammed Saeed Alkaltham ◽  
Khizar Hayat ◽  
Mohammed Asif Ahmed ◽  
Ahmad Mohammad Salamatullah ◽  
Rokayya Sami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Crocus Sativus ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Crocus Sativus L

Saffron (Crocus sativus L) has been widely used for many therapeutic purposes such as a pain reliever, inflammation cure due to the highly bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities. The effect of boiling time (5, 10, and 15 min) was investigated on the bioactive compounds of saffron samples from different origins (Spain, Saudi Arabia, and Afghanistan). Depending on the origin of the saffron sample, the extraction time showed a different effect on their total polyphenol content (TPC). The highest TPC was noted in saffron from Spain boiled for 10 min (45.01 mg GAE/g DW), followed by the sample from Saudi Arabia (44.03 mg GAE/g DW) and Afghanistan (43.54 mg GAE/g DW) boiled for 15 min, respectively. The Spanish saffron extracted for 10 min significantly (p < 0.05) exhibited the highest total flavonoid content (TFC) (12.26 mg CE/g DW), while the Saudi saffron extracted for 5 min (6.06 mg CE/g DW) showed the lowest range among all the samples. There were no significant differences among the reducing power of Saudi Arabian saffron extracted for 10 min, and Spanish saffron extracted for 5 and 15 min, respectively. The reducing power of saffron samples echoed the results of the TPC and TFC. 1,2-DHB (dihydroxy benzene), chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid are increased upon the increase of boiling time in Saudi Arabian saffron samples. In a word, 10 min and 15 min boiling times achieved the best extraction for Spanish saffron followed by Saudi and Afghani saffron samples, respectively.

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