scholarly journals Identifying the sensitivity of GPS to non-tidal loadings at various time resolutions: examining vertical displacements from continental Eurasia

GPS Solutions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Klos ◽  
Henryk Dobslaw ◽  
Robert Dill ◽  
Janusz Bogusz
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Observation Level ◽  
Earth System Modeling ◽  
Atmospheric Loading ◽  
Modeling Group ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Almost All

AbstractWe examine the sensitivity of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to non-tidal loading for a set of continental Eurasia permanent stations. We utilized daily vertical displacements available from the Nevada Geodetic Laboratory (NGL) at stations located at least 100 km away from the coast. Loading-induced predictions of displacements of earth’s crust are provided by the Earth-System-Modeling Group of the GFZ (ESMGFZ). We demonstrate that the hydrological loading, supported by barystatic sea-level changes to close the global mass budget (HYDL + SLEL), contributes to GPS displacements only in the seasonal band. Non-tidal atmospheric loading, supported by non-tidal oceanic loading (NTAL + NTOL), correlates positively with GPS displacements for almost all time resolutions, including non-seasonal changes from 2 days to 5 months, which are often considered as noise, intra-seasonal and seasonal changes with periods between 4 months and 1.4 years, and, also, inter-annual signals between 1.1 and 3.0 years. Correcting the GPS vertical displacements by NTAL leads to a reduction in the time series variances, evoking a whitening of the GPS stochastic character and a decrease in the standard deviation of noise. Both lead, on average, to an improvement in the uncertainty of the GPS vertical velocity by a factor of 2. To reduce its impact on the GPS displacement time series, we recommend that NTAL is applied at the observation level during the processing of GPS observations. HYDL might be corrected at the observation level or remain in the data and be applied at the stage of time series analysis.

scholarly journals Modeling ocean-induced rapid Earth rotation variations: an update

2021 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Harker ◽  
Michael Schindelegger ◽  
Rui M. Ponte ◽  
David A. Salstein
Keyword(s):  
Earth Rotation ◽  
Polar Motion ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Residual Variance ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Earth System Modeling ◽  
Atmospheric Effect ◽  
Modeling Group ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Earth Rotation Variations

AbstractWe revisit the problem of modeling the ocean’s contribution to rapid, non-tidal Earth rotation variations at periods of 2–120 days. Estimates of oceanic angular momentum (OAM, 2007–2011) are drawn from a suite of established circulation models and new numerical simulations, whose finest configuration is on a "Image missing"$$^\circ $$ ∘ grid. We show that the OAM product by the Earth System Modeling Group at GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam has spurious short period variance in its equatorial motion terms, rendering the series a poor choice for describing oceanic signals in polar motion on time scales of less than $$\sim $$ ∼ 2 weeks. Accounting for OAM in rotation budgets from other models typically reduces the variance of atmosphere-corrected geodetic excitation by $$\sim $$ ∼ 54% for deconvolved polar motion and by $$\sim $$ ∼ 60% for length-of-day. Use of OAM from the "Image missing"$$^\circ $$ ∘ model does provide for an additional reduction in residual variance such that the combined oceanic–atmospheric effect explains as much as 84% of the polar motion excitation at periods < 120 days. Employing statistical analysis and bottom pressure changes from daily Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment solutions, we highlight the tendency of ocean models run at a 1$$^\circ $$ ∘ grid spacing to misrepresent topographically constrained dynamics in some deep basins of the Southern Ocean, which has adverse effects on OAM estimates taken along the 90$$^\circ $$ ∘ meridian. Higher model resolution thus emerges as a sensible target for improving the oceanic component in broader efforts of Earth system modeling for geodetic purposes.

scholarly journals Spatial and temporal patterns of plantation forests in the United States since the 1930s: an annual and gridded data set for regional Earth system modeling

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 545-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangsheng Chen ◽  
Shufen Pan ◽  
Daniel J. Hayes ◽  
Hanqin Tian
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Gridded Data ◽  
Inventory Data ◽  
Plantation Forest ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Earth System Modeling ◽  
Plantation Forests

Abstract. Plantation forest area in the conterminous United States (CONUS) ranked second among the world's nations in the land area apportioned to forest plantation. As compared to the naturally regenerated forests, plantation forests demonstrate significant differences in biophysical characteristics, and biogeochemical and hydrological cycles as a result of more intensive management practices. Inventory data have been reported for multiple time periods on plot, state, and regional scales across the CONUS, but the requisite annual and spatially explicit plantation data set over a long-term period for analysis of the role of plantation management on regional or national scales is lacking. Through synthesis of multiple inventory data sources, this study developed methods to spatialize the time series plantation forest and tree species distribution data for the CONUS over the 1928–2012 time period. According to this new data set, plantation forest area increased from near zero in the 1930s to 268.27 thousand km2 in 2012, accounting for 8.65 % of the total forestland area in the CONUS. Regionally, the South contained the highest proportion of plantation forests, accounting for about 19.34 % of total forestland area in 2012. This time series and gridded data set developed here can be readily applied in regional Earth system modeling frameworks for assessing the impacts of plantation management practices on forest productivity, carbon and nitrogen stocks, and greenhouse gases (e.g., CO2, CH4, and N2O) and water fluxes on regional or national scales. The gridded plantation distribution and tree species maps, and the interpolated state-level annual tree planting area and plantation area during 1928–2012, are available from https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.873558.

scholarly journals GEODYNAMICS

GEODYNAMICS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1(30)2021 (1(30)) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
Kornyliy Tretyak ◽  
◽  
Bogdan Palianytsia ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Technical Parameters ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Gnss Time Series ◽  
Horizontal Displacements

The goal. Identify the relationship between seasonal temperature changes and vertical and horizontal displacements of GNSS control points based on data obtained by the automated monitoring system of the Dnipro HPP dam in the period from 2016 to 2020. Input data. The research used data of uninterrupted GNSS measurements obtained at 16 points of the Dnipro HPP dam from mid-2016 to mid-2020. Method. A specially developed software product analyzes the GNSS time series of measurements pre-processed by the GeoMoS system to determine the parameters of seasonal displacements and their relationship with seasonal changes in air temperature. The GNSS time series analysis. Based on the conducted research, the influence of environmental temperature has a decisive effect on the cyclicity of dam deformations. This applies to both horizontal and vertical displacements but in the absence of significant changes in the water level in the upper reservoir. Values of extreme displacements increase closer to the middle of the dam and decrease at the edges. This tendency is observed every year in the study period. According to the three-year GNSS dam monitoring, the amplitude of semi-annual horizontal oscillations of the control points relative to the dam axis is in the range of 15-18 mm. Almost all vectors of horizontal displacements are perpendicular to the axis of the arcuate dam. In the first half of the year, the vectors of horizontal displacements aim to widen the dam, and in the second half of the year - at compressing the dam. The analysis of the data represents that almost every year, extreme deviations, both horizontal and vertical, occur in February and August. Temperature extremes occur faster than excessive GNSS displacements. For the dam of the Dnipro HPP, the extreme horizontal displacements lag on average by 37 days, and the vertical ones - by 32 days from the extreme temperatures. The deformations of the dam are related to the concrete structure temperature, which changes with a certain delay relative to the air temperature. The magnitudes of extreme displacements and the epoch of their manifestation depend on the dam's design and its technical parameters. For each dam, these extreme displacements and the periods of their representation will be different. Accordingly, monitoring these displacements and their changes over time is one of the criteria for assessing the general condition of the dam. Scientific novelty and practical significance. The regularities of the connection between the change of temperature and the displacements of the GNSS points, revealed during the research, can be used for the further study of data processing and analysis of the hydraulic structures monitoring.

scholarly journals Crustal Deformation due to Atmospheric Pressure Loading in New Zealand

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Gladkikh ◽  
Robert Tenzer ◽  
Paul Denys
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Crustal Deformation ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Pressure Loading ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Peak Displacement ◽  
Atmospheric Loading ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Loading

Crustal Deformation due to Atmospheric Pressure Loading in New ZealandWe investigate atmospheric pressure loading displacements in New Zealand using global and regional air-pressure data collected over a period of 50 years (1960-2009). The elastic response of the Earth to atmospheric loading is calculated by adopting mass loading Love numbers based on the parameters of the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM). The ocean response to atmospheric loading is computed utilising a modified inverted barometer theory. The results reveal that the atmospheric loading vertical displacements are typically smallest along coastal regions, while gradually increasing inland with the maximum peak-to-peak displacement of 13.1 mm for this study period. In contrast, the largest horizontal displacements are found along coastal regions, where the maximum peak-to-peak displacement reaches 2.7 mm. The vertical displacements have a high spatial correlation, whereas the spatial correlation of the horizontal displacement components is much smaller. A spectral decomposition of the atmospheric loading time series shows that the signal is a broad band with most energy between 1 week and annual periods, and with a couple of peaks corresponding to approximately annual forcing and its overtones. The largest amplitudes in the atmospheric loading time series have an annual and semi-annual period.

The Comparison of Land Subsidence between East and West Side of Bangkok, Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Angkana Pumpuang ◽  
Anuphao Aobpaet
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Industrial Estates ◽  
Vertical Displacements ◽  
Land Deformation ◽  
Extensive Farming ◽  
Chao Phraya River ◽  
Set Up

The land deformation in line of sight (LOS) direction can be measured using time series InSAR. InSAR can successfully measure land subsidence based on LOS in many big cities, including the eastern and western regions of Bangkok which is separated by Chao Phraya River. There are differences in prosperity between both sides due to human activities, land use, and land cover. This study focuses on the land subsidence difference between the western and eastern regions of Bangkok and the most possible cause affecting the land subsidence rates. The Radarsat-2 single look complex (SLC) was used to set up the time series data for long term monitoring. To generate interferograms, StaMPS for Time Series InSAR processing was applied by using the PSI algorithm in DORIS software. It was found that the subsidence was more to the eastern regions of Bangkok where the vertical displacements were +0.461 millimetres and -0.919 millimetres on the western and the eastern side respectively. The districts of Nong Chok, Lat Krabang, and Khlong Samwa have the most extensive farming area in eastern Bangkok. Besides, there were also three major industrial estates located in eastern Bangkok like Lat Krabang, Anya Thani and Bang Chan Industrial Estate. By the assumption of water demand, there were forty-eight wells and three wells found in the eastern and western part respectively. The number of groundwater wells shows that eastern Bangkok has the demand for water over the west, and the pumping of groundwater is a significant factor that causes land subsidence in the area.Keywords: Subsidence, InSAR, Radarsat-2, Bangkok

scholarly journals Modelling spreading of an infection using time series by a novel family of models; fitting the time series of the confirmed cases of COVID-19 in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (s1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Babak Jamshidi ◽  
Shahriar Jamshidi Zargaran ◽  
Mansour Rezaei
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Time Series Models ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Family ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Number Of Individuals

AbstractIntroductionTime series models are one of the frequently used methods to describe the pattern of spreading an epidemic.MethodsWe presented a new family of time series models able to represent the cumulative number of individuals that contracted an infectious disease from the start to the end of the first wave of spreading. This family is flexible enough to model the propagation of almost all infectious diseases. After a general discussion on competent time series to model the outbreak of a communicable disease, we introduced the new family through one of its examples.ResultsWe estimated the parameters of two samples of the novel family to model the spreading of COVID-19 in China.DiscussionOur model does not work well when the decreasing trend of the rate of growth is absent because it is the main presumption of the model. In addition, since the information on the initial days is of the utmost importance for this model, one of the challenges about this model is modifying it to get qualified to model datasets that lack the information on the first days.

scholarly journals Diversity of Biodeteriorative Bacterial and Fungal Consortia in Winter and Summer on Historical Sandstone of the Northern Pergola, Museum of King John III’s Palace at Wilanow, Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 620
Author(s):  
Magdalena Dyda ◽  
Agnieszka Laudy ◽  
Przemyslaw Decewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Romaniuk ◽  
Martyna Ciezkowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microbial Biodiversity ◽  
Acidophilic Bacteria ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Generation Sequencing ◽  
King John

The aim of the presented investigation was to describe seasonal changes of microbial community composition in situ in different biocenoses on historical sandstone of the Northern Pergola in the Museum of King John III’s Palace at Wilanow (Poland). The microbial biodiversity was analyzed by the application of Illumina-based next-generation sequencing methods. The metabarcoding analysis allowed for detecting lichenized fungi taxa with the clear domination of two genera: Lecania and Rhinocladiella. It was also observed that, during winter, the richness of fungal communities increased in the biocenoses dominated by lichens and mosses. The metabarcoding analysis showed 34 bacterial genera, with a clear domination of Sphingomonas spp. across almost all biocenoses. Acidophilic bacteria from Acidobacteriaceae and Acetobacteraceae families were also identified, and the results showed that a significant number of bacterial strains isolated during the summer displayed the ability to acidification in contrast to strains isolated in winter, when a large number of isolates displayed alkalizing activity. Other bacteria capable of nitrogen fixation and hydrocarbon utilization (including aromatic hydrocarbons) as well as halophilic microorganisms were also found. The diversity of organisms in the biofilm ensures its stability throughout the year despite the differences recorded between winter and summer.

Corporate Social Responsibility: Insights from Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
G.K. Deshmukh ◽  
Sanskrity Joseph ◽  
Asha Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
The Impact

Corporate social Responsibility has become a buzz word in recent times. Its worldwide acceptance due to the social consciousness of enterprises coupled with legal orientation in developing countries like India has made it one of the most researched issue for researchers across continents. This paper is an attempt to review the development in the core concepts and theories which have been put forwarded by different researchers during the time period of 2010-2018. The paper undergoes a time series analysis for the selected period evaluating the evolution and impact assessment of CSR on core managerial concepts like marketing, finance and Human Resource management. The researchers after time series analysis have concluded that CSR is age long practice which has changed its orientation with the changes in objectives of business. It can be easily classified in three conceptual eras on the basis of its objectives. In the initial era it was a self-driven practice mainly influenced by the values of promoters of business. In the later stages it can be related with a business strategy of gaining goodwill. In the present era corporates have understood the value of societal obligation and it has again become a self-driven exercise. Further the impact of CSR has coupled with almost all functions of management which can be easily understood from the host of studies conducted during the selected period. The selected studies indicate that CSR has been instrumental in increasing net worth, customer satisfaction and employee retention.

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