scholarly journals The European Turtle Dove in the ecotone between woodland and farmland: multi-scale habitat associations and implications for the design of management interventions

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Carboneras ◽  
Lara Moreno-Zarate ◽  
Beatriz Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Landscape Heterogeneity ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Breeding Range ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Turtle Dove

AbstractThe European Turtle Dove (turtle dove) is globally threatened after undergoing a sustained and generalised decline across its breeding range, with habitat loss suggested as the main driver. Here, we reviewed the scientific literature on habitat associations across its European breeding range, in relation to distribution, breeding numbers, nesting substrates, food and foraging habitats, to identify optimal habitat management measures. Large-scale distribution seemed related to the availability, but not dominance, of woodland landscapes; abundance was generally higher in woodland than on farmland. However, abundance in woodland increased with additional structural diversity and proximity to farmland, and abundance on farmland increased with greater availability of non-farmland features. Nesting occurred most frequently on trees (secondarily on bushes) but we found geographical differences in the type of nesting substrate, with thorny bushes being used more frequently in the north, and open canopy trees in the south. Turtle doves fed on a wide spectrum of seeds with a predominance of wild, particularly early-flowering, plants; but we could not identify a single plant species whose abundance determined turtle dove numbers. Across the distribution range, a shift from wild to cultivated seeds occurred as the season progressed. However, interventions should favour the availability and access to wild seeds. Efficient management interventions depend on the dominant habitat; overall, interventions should seek to augment landscape heterogeneity by increasing the mixing of farmland and woodland. Combined forestry and agricultural policies must provide the right conditions for ecotone species like the Turtle dove.

scholarly journals The European Turtle Dove in the ecotone between woodland and farmland: multi-scale habitat associations and implications for the design of management interventions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carles Carboneras ◽  
Lara Moreno-Zarate ◽  
Beatriz Arroyo
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Breeding Range ◽  
The North ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Turtle Dove

The European Turtle Dove (turtle dove) is a globally threatened species that is undergoing a sustained and generalised decline across its breeding range, with habitat deterioration and loss suggested as the main driver. Here, we review the scientific literature on habitat associations across the European breeding range, in relation to turtle dove distribution, breeding numbers, nesting substrates and food and foraging habitats, to identify optimal habitat management measures. Large-scale (national) distribution seemed to depend on the availability, but not dominance, of forest; abundance at the landscape scale was generally higher in woodland than on farmland, highlighting the importance of forest habitats for the species. However, abundance in woodland increased with additional structural diversity and proximity to farmland, and abundance on farmland increased with greater availability of non-farmland features (including forest patches, shrubs, hedges), indicating a preference in this species for a mixture of habitats. Nesting occurred most frequently on trees (secondarily on bushes) but we found geographical differences in the type of nesting substrate, with thorny bushes (or trees with lianas) being used more frequently in the north, and open canopy trees (including ever-green oaks and olive trees) in the south. Turtle doves used a wide spectrum of food items with a predominance of wild seeds, particularly of early-flowering plants, but we could not identify a single plant species whose abundance determined turtle dove numbers. In several parts of the distribution range, a shift from wild to cultivated seeds occurred as the season progressed. However, various results indicate that interventions to improve food availability should favour the provision of wild seeds rather than of crop seeds. Our review indicates that the most efficient habitat management interventions depend on the dominant landscape (farmland or woodland) and that, overall, interventions should seek to augment the heterogeneity of the landscape by increasing the mixing of farmland and woodland. Forestry and agricultural policies should be combined to provide the right conditions for species that favour the ecotone between woodland and farmland, like the turtle dove.

Model and Method for Contributor’s Quality Assessment in Community Image Tagging Systems

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
A. V. Ponomarev
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Preference Relation ◽  
Pairwise Comparison ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Characteristic Matrix ◽  
Image Tagging ◽  
Proposed Model

Introduction: Large-scale human-computer systems involving people of various skills and motivation into the information processing process are currently used in a wide spectrum of applications. An acute problem in such systems is assessing the expected quality of each contributor; for example, in order to penalize incompetent or inaccurate ones and to promote diligent ones.Purpose: To develop a method of assessing the expected contributor’s quality in community tagging systems. This method should only use generally unreliable and incomplete information provided by contributors (with ground truth tags unknown).Results:A mathematical model is proposed for community image tagging (including the model of a contributor), along with a method of assessing the expected contributor’s quality. The method is based on comparing tag sets provided by different contributors for the same images, being a modification of pairwise comparison method with preference relation replaced by a special domination characteristic. Expected contributors’ quality is evaluated as a positive eigenvector of a pairwise domination characteristic matrix. Community tagging simulation has confirmed that the proposed method allows you to adequately estimate the expected quality of community tagging system contributors (provided that the contributors' behavior fits the proposed model).Practical relevance: The obtained results can be used in the development of systems based on coordinated efforts of community (primarily, community tagging systems). 

Cytochrome P450 mono-oxygenases in conifer genomes: discovery of members of the terpenoid oxygenase superfamily in spruce and pine

2006 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 1209-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Hamberger ◽  
J. Bohlmann
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Expressed Sequence Tag ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Resin Acids ◽  
Full Length Sequence ◽  
Diterpene Resin Acids

Diterpene resin acids, together with monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes, are the most prominent defence chemicals in conifers. These compounds belong to the large group of structurally diverse terpenoids formed by enzymes known as terpenoid synthases. CYPs (cytochrome P450-dependent mono-oxygenases) can further increase the structural diversity of these terpenoids. While most terpenoids are characterized as specialized or secondary metabolites, some terpenoids, such as the phytohormones GA (gibberellic acid), BRs (brassinosteroids) and ABA (abscisic acid), have essential functions in plant growth and development. To date, very few CYP genes involved in conifer terpenoid metabolism have been functionally characterized and were limited to two systems, yew (Taxus) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). The characterized yew CYP genes are involved in taxol diterpene biosynthesis, while the only characterized pine terpenoid CYP gene is part of DRA (diterpene resin acid) biosynthesis. These CYPs from yew and pine are members of two apparently conifer-specific CYP families within the larger CYP85 clan, one of four plant CYP multifamily clans. Other CYP families within the CYP85 clan were characterized from a variety of angiosperms with functions in terpenoid phytohormone metabolism of GA, BR, and ABA. The recent development of EST (expressed sequence tag) and FLcDNA (where FL is full-length) sequence databases and cDNA collections for species of two conifers, spruce (Picea) and pine, allows for the discovery of new terpenoid CYPs in gymnosperms by means of large-scale sequence mining, phylogenetic analysis and functional characterization. Here, we present a snapshot of conifer CYP data mining, discovery of new conifer CYPs in all but one family within the CYP85 clan, and suggestions for their functional characterization. This paper will focus on the discovery of conifer CYPs associated with diterpene metabolism and CYP with possible functions in the formation of GA, BR, and ABA in conifers.

A Large-scale Analysis of Hundreds of In-memory Key-value Cache Clusters at Twitter

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-35
Author(s):  
Juncheng Yang ◽  
Yao Yue ◽  
K. V. Rashmi
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Use Cases ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Business Logic ◽  
Traffic Pattern ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Memory Cache ◽  
Large Scale Analysis

Modern web services use in-memory caching extensively to increase throughput and reduce latency. There have been several workload analyses of production systems that have fueled research in improving the effectiveness of in-memory caching systems. However, the coverage is still sparse considering the wide spectrum of industrial cache use cases. In this work, we significantly further the understanding of real-world cache workloads by collecting production traces from 153 in-memory cache clusters at Twitter, sifting through over 80 TB of data, and sometimes interpreting the workloads in the context of the business logic behind them. We perform a comprehensive analysis to characterize cache workloads based on traffic pattern, time-to-live (TTL), popularity distribution, and size distribution. A fine-grained view of different workloads uncover the diversity of use cases: many are far more write-heavy or more skewed than previously shown and some display unique temporal patterns. We also observe that TTL is an important and sometimes defining parameter of cache working sets. Our simulations show that ideal replacement strategy in production caches can be surprising, for example, FIFO works the best for a large number of workloads.

Oxygen, hydrogen, and strontium isotope constraints on the origin of granites

1988 ◽  
Vol 79 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 317-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh P. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Volcanic Field ◽  
Parent Material ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Metasedimentary Rocks ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
End Members ◽  
Type 3

ABSTRACTOxygen isotope data are very useful in determining the source rocks of granitic magmas, particularly when used in combination with Sr, Pb, and Nd isotope studies. For example, unusually high δ18O values in magmas (δ18O> +8) require the involvement of some precursor parent material that at some time in the past resided on or near the Earth's surface, either as sedimentary rocks or as weathered or hydrothermally altered rocks. The isotopic systematics which are preserved in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic batholiths of western North America can be explained by grand-scale mixing of three broadly defined end-members: (1) oceanic island-arc magmas derived from a “depleted” (MORB-type?) source in the upper mantle (δ18O c. +6 and 87Sr/86Sr c. 0·703); (2) a high-18O (c. +13 to +17) source with a very uniform 87Sr/86Sr (c. 0·708 to 0·712), derived mainly from eugeosynclinal volcanogenic sediments and (or) hydrothermally altered basalts; and (3) a much more heterogeneous source (87Sr/86Sr c. 0·706 to 0·750, or higher) with a high δ18O (c. +9 to +15) where derived from supracrustal metasedimentary rocks and a much lower δ18O (c. +7 to +9) where derived from the lower continental crust of the craton. These end-members were successively dominant from W to E, respectively, within three elongate N–S geographic zones that can be mapped from Mexico all the way N to Idaho.18O/16O studies (together with D/H analyses) can, however, play a more important and certainly a unique role in determining the origins of the aqueous fluids involved in the formation of granitic and rhyolitic magmas. Fluid-rock interaction effects are most clear-cut when low-18O, low-D meteoric waters are involved in the isotopic exchange and melting processes, but the effects of other waters such as seawater (with a relatively high δD c. 0) can also be recognised. Because of these hydrothermal processes, rocks that ultimately undergo partial melting may exhibit isotopic signatures considerably different from those that they started with. We discuss three broad classes of potential source materials of such “hydrothermal-anatectic” granitic magmas, based mainly on water/rock (w/r), temperature (T), and the length of time (t) that fluid-rock interaction proceeds: (Type 1) epizonal systems with a wide variation in whole-rock δ18O and extreme 18O/16O disequilibrium among coexisting minerals (e.g. quartz and feldspar); (Type 2) deeper-seated and (or) longer-lived systems, also with a wide spectrum of whole-rock δ18O, but with equilibrated 18O/16O ratios among coexisting minerals; (Type 3) thoroughly homogenised and equilibrated systems with relatively uniform δ18O in all lithologies. Low-18O magmas formed by melting of rocks altered in a Type 2 or a Type 3 meteoric-hydrothermal system are the only kinds of “hydrothermal-anatectic” granitic magmas that are readily recognisable in the geological record. Analogous effects produced by other kinds of aqueous fluids may, however, be quite common, particularly in areas of extensional tectonics and large-scale rifting. The greatly enhanced permeabilities in such fractured terranes make possible the deep convective circulation of ground waters and sedimentary pore fluids. The nature and origin of low-18O magmas in the Yellowstone volcanic field and the Seychelles Islands are briefly reviewed in light of these concepts, as is the development of high-D, peraluminous magmas in the Hercynian of the Pyrenees.

scholarly journals Habitat Restoration as a Key Conservation Lever for Woodland Caribou: A review of restoration programs and key learnings from Alberta

Rangifer ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Bentham ◽  
Brian Coupal
Keyword(s):  
Habitat Management ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Habitat Restoration ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Program Planning ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Woodland Caribou ◽  
Recovery Strategy

The Recovery Strategy for the Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou), Boreal Population in Canada (EC, 2012), identifies coordinated actions to reclaim woodland caribou habitat as a key step to meeting current and future caribou population objectives. Actions include restoring industrial landscape features such as roads, seismic lines, pipelines, cut-lines, and cleared areas in an effort to reduce landscape fragmentation and the changes in caribou population dynamics associated with changing predator-prey dynamics in highly fragmented landscapes. Reliance on habitat restoration as a recovery action within the federal recovery strategy is high, considering all Alberta populations have less than 65% undisturbed habitat, which is identified in the recovery strategy as a threshold providing a 60% chance that a local population will be self-sustaining. Alberta’s Provincial Woodland Caribou Policy also identifies habitat restoration as a critical component of long-term caribou habitat management. We review and discuss the history of caribou habitat restoration programs in Alberta and present outcomes and highlights of a caribou habitat restoration workshop attended by over 80 representatives from oil and gas, forestry, provincial and federal regulators, academia and consulting who have worked on restoration programs. Restoration initiatives in Alberta began in 2001 and have generally focused on construction methods, revegetation treatments, access control programs, and limiting plant species favourable to alternate prey. Specific treatments include tree planting initiatives, coarse woody debris management along linear features, and efforts for multi-company and multi-stakeholder coordinated habitat restoration on caribou range. Lessons learned from these programs have been incorporated into large scale habitat restoration projects near Grande Prairie, Cold Lake, and Fort McMurray. A key outcome of our review is the opportunity to provide a unified approach for restoration program planning, best practices, key performance indicators, and monitoring considerations for future programs within Canada.

scholarly journals RECENTES AVANÇOS NA FUNCIONALIZAÇÃO SELETIVA DE QUINOLINAS

Química Nova ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dartagnan Ferreira ◽  
Valter Murie ◽  
Thiago Santos ◽  
Paulo Vieira ◽  
Giuliano Clososki
Keyword(s):  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Structural Diversity ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Heterocyclic Molecules ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Selective Functionalization ◽  
Biological Interest ◽  
Approved Drugs

RECENT ADVANCES IN SELECTIVE FUNCTIONALIZATION OF QUINOLINES. Heterocyclic compounds form an important and extensive group of organic substances. Among nitrogenous heterocyclic molecules, quinolines stand out for exhibiting attractive chemical and biological properties. These substances can be used as ligands, sensors, luminescent and agrochemical materials. In addition, quinoline-containing compounds can exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological properties, allowing their use in several approved drugs nowadays. Due to its importance, the synthesis of molecules containing this nucleus becomes a point of interest for synthetic chemists. In this way, several methodologies have been recently developed to prepare quinoline derivatives with high structural diversity. Such chemical transformations allow the chemical modification of these rings with high selectivity and tolerance to diverse functional groups and these properties have been conveniently used in the preparation of biologically active molecules containing this unit. Herein, we present a review of the main methodologies employed in the selective functionalization of quinolines in the last twenty years. In this context, a brief introduction addressing general synthetic and medicinal aspects related to the functionalization positions of the quinoline ring is presented. Several methodologies used in the functionalization of this moiety are discussed, as well relevant synthetic applications, both in the preparation and functionalization of substances of biological interest.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different phenotypic tests for detection of metallo-β-lactamases in imipenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohit Sachdeva ◽  
Babita Sharma ◽  
Rajni Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Synergy Test ◽  
Phenotypic Tests ◽  
Simple Screening

Abstract PURPOSE: Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes a wide spectrum of infections including bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, etc., Metallo-beta-lactamase (MBL) producing P. aeruginosa is an emerging threat and cause of concern as they have emerged as one of the most feared resistance mechanisms. This study was designed to know the prevalence of MBL production in P. aeruginosa and to evaluate the four phenotypic tests for detection of MBL production in imipenem-resistant clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa. METHODS: Totally, 800 isolates of P. aeruginosa isolated from various clinical samples were evaluated for carbapenem resistance and MBL production. All imipenem-resistant strains were tested for carabapenemase production by modified Hodge test. Screening for MBL production was done by double-disc synergy test and combined disc test (CDT). Confirmation of MBL production was done by the E-test (Ab BioDisk, Solna, Sweden). RESULTS: Out of the 800 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 250 isolates were found resistant to imipenem. Based on the results of E-test, 147 (18.37%) isolates of P. aeruginosa were positive for MBL production. The CDT has the highest sensitivity and specificity for the detection of MBL production as compared to other tests. CONCLUSION: The results of this study are indicative that MBL production is an important mechanism of carbapenem resistance among P. aeruginosa. Use of simple screening test like CDT will be crucial step toward large-scale monitoring of these emerging resistant determinants. Phenotypic test for MBL production has to be standardized, and all the isolates should be routinely screened for MBL production.

Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial DNA Mutation, and Impairment of Antioxidant Enzymes in Aging

2002 ◽  
Vol 227 (9) ◽  
pp. 671-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yau-Huei Wei ◽  
Hsin-Chen Lee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Mtdna Mutations ◽  
Enhanced Production ◽  
Age Related

Mitochondria do not only produce less ATP, but they also increase the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as byproducts of aerobic metabolism in the aging tissues of the human and animals. It is now generally accepted that aging-associated respiratory function decline can result in enhanced production of ROS in mitochondria. Moreover, the activities of free radical-scavenging enzymes are altered in the aging process. The concurrent age-related changes of these two systems result in the elevation of oxidative stress in aging tissues. Within a certain concentration range, ROS may induce stress response of the cells by altering expression of respiratory genes to uphold the energy metabolism to rescue the cell. However, beyond the threshold, ROS may cause a wide spectrum of oxidative damage to various cellular components to result in cell death or elicit apoptosis by induction of mitochondrial membrane permeability transition and release of apoptogenic factors such as cytochrome c. Moreover, oxidative damage and large-scale deletion and duplication of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been found to increase with age in various tissues of the human. Mitochondria act like a biosensor of oxidative stress and they enable cell to undergo changes in aging and age-related diseases. On the other hand, it has recently been demonstrated that impairment in mitochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorylation elicits an increase in oxidative stress and causes a host of mtDNA rearrangements and deletions. Here, we review work done in the past few years to support our view that oxidative stress and oxidative damage are a result of concurrent accumulation of mtDNA mutations and defective antioxidant enzymes in human aging.

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