Validation of the Sample Preservation and Analysis of Dimethyl Disulfide and Dimethyl Trisulfide in Tap Water and Source Water

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-231
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Qianru Zhou ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Qianzhan Yang ◽  
Xuejing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tap Water ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Sample Preservation ◽  
Dimethyl Trisulfide

scholarly journals Smells Like Teen Spirit—A Model to Generate Laundry-Associated Malodour In Vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 974
Author(s):  
Marc-Kevin Zinn ◽  
Marco Singer ◽  
Dirk Bockmühl
Keyword(s):  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Micrococcus Luteus ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Dimethyl Trisulfide ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Washing Machines ◽  
Staphylococcus Hominis

Although malodour formation on textiles and in washing machines has been reported to be a very relevant problem in domestic laundry, the processes leading to bad odours have not been studied intensively. In particular, the smell often described as “wet-and-dirty-dustcloth-like malodour” had not been reproduced previously. We developed a lab model based on a bacterial mixture of Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus hominis, and Corynebacterium jeikeium, which can produce this odour type and which might allow the detailed investigation of this problem and the development of counteractions. The model uses bacterial strains that have been isolated from malodourous textiles. We could also show that the three volatile compounds dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, and indole contribute considerably to the “wet-fabric-like” malodour. These substances were not only found to be formed in the malodour model but have already been identified in the literature as relevant malodourous substances.

scholarly journals Sulfur volatiles from Allium spp. affect Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), response to citrus volatiles

2010 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-97 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Mann ◽  
R.L. Rouseff ◽  
J.M. Smoot ◽  
W.S. Castle ◽  
L.L. Stelinski
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Volatiles ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽  
Diaphorina Citri ◽  
Dimethyl Trisulfide ◽  
Leaf Volatiles ◽  
Sulfur Volatiles ◽  
Clean Air

AbstractThe Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, vectors Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus (Lam), the presumed causal agents of huanglongbing. D. citri generally rely on olfaction and vision for detection of host cues. Plant volatiles from Allium spp. (Alliaceae) are known to repel several arthropod species. We examined the effect of garlic chive (A. tuberosum Rottl.) and wild onion (A. canadense L.) volatiles on D. citri behaviour in a two-port divided T-olfactometer. Citrus leaf volatiles attracted significantly more D. citri adults than clean air. Volatiles from crushed garlic chive leaves, garlic chive essential oil, garlic chive plants, wild onion plants and crushed wild onion leaves all repelled D. citri adults when compared with clean air, with the first two being significantly more repellent than the others. However, when tested with citrus volatiles, only crushed garlic chive leaves and garlic chive essential oil were repellent, and crushed wild onions leaves were not.Analysis of the headspace components of crushed garlic chive leaves and garlic chive essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that monosulfides, disulfides and trisulfides were the primary sulfur volatiles present. In general, trisulfides (dimethyl trisulfide) inhibited the response of D. citri to citrus volatiles more than disulfides (dimethyl disulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, allyl disulfide). Monosulfides did not affect the behaviour of D. citri adults. A blend of dimethyl trisulfide and dimethyl disulfide in 1:1 ratio showed an additive effect on inhibition of D. citri response to citrus volatiles. The plant volatiles from Allium spp. did not affect the behaviour of the D. citri ecto-parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Waterston). Thus, Allium spp. or the tri- and di-sulphides could be integrated into management programmes for D. citri without affecting natural enemies.

scholarly journals Investigation on the fate of quinolone antibiotics in three drinking water treatment plants of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiquan Liu ◽  
Yongpeng Xu ◽  
Yuan Wang ◽  
Fuyi Cui
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Drinking Water Treatment ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Water Treatment Plants ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Quinolone Antibiotics ◽  
Carbon Filtration

Abstract Quinolone (QN) antibiotics are widely used all over the world and have been frequently detected in source water, but the occurrence in tap water and the treatment efficiencies of QNs by drinking-water treatment plants (DWTPs) were rarely reported. In the present study, the occurrence and distribution of six representative QNs in three urban DWTPs of China were investigated. The results showed that the concentrations of total QNs in the three source waters ranged from 26.4 ng/L to 313.8 ng/L and all of the six QNs were detectable with a detection frequency of 100% (4.6 to 121.7 ng/L). Enrofloxacin (ENR) and ofloxacin (OFL) were the dominant species of QNs and accounted for 40.1% to 79.5% of the total QNs. After the treatments, there were still considerable QNs in the finished water (total amounts of 74.9 ng/L to 148.4 ng/L). The adsorbed QNs could be readily treated with the removal of turbidity by DWTPs, but only a part of the dissolved QNs (13.6% to 68.5%) can be removed. This implies that the dissolved QNs were more hazardous in the source water. Pre-oxidation and disinfection could remove 15.8 ± 8.3% and 16.9 ± 10.8% of dissolved QNs, respectively, depending on the chemical structure of QNs and the types of oxidant. Chemical oxidation was more efficient than coagulation-sedimentation and filtration for the treatment of dissolved QNs. Ozone-granular activated carbon filtration may fail to remove dissolved QNs in the actual DWTPs, because of the insufficient dosage of oxidant and the competition effect of natural organic matter.

Mouse organ coefficient and abnormal sperm rate analysis with exposure to tap water and source water in Nanjing reach of Yangtze River

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongfei Zhang ◽  
Liujun Zhang ◽  
Dongsheng Jiang ◽  
Kai Zheng ◽  
Yibin Cui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yangtze River ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Rate Analysis ◽  
Abnormal Sperm ◽  
Mouse Organ

scholarly journals A post-implementation evaluation of ceramic water filters distributed to tsunami-affected communities in Sri Lanka

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa M. Casanova ◽  
Adam Walters ◽  
Ajith Naghawatte ◽  
Mark D. Sobsey
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ceramic Water Filters ◽  
Water Filters

Sri Lanka was devastated by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. During recovery, the Red Cross distributed approximately 12,000 free ceramic water filters. This cross-sectional study was an independent post-implementation assessment of 452 households that received filters, to determine the proportion still using filters, household characteristics associated with use, and quality of household drinking water. The proportion of continued users was high (76%). The most common household water sources were taps or shallow wells. The majority (82%) of users used filtered water for drinking only. Mean filter flow rate was 1.12 L/hr (0.80 L/hr for households with taps and 0.71 for those with wells). Water quality varied by source; households using tap water had source water of high microbial quality. Filters improved water quality, reducing Escherichia coli for households (largely well users) with high levels in their source water. Households were satisfied with filters and are potentially long-term users. To promote sustained use, recovery filter distribution efforts should try to identify households at greatest long-term risk, particularly those who have not moved to safer water sources during recovery. They should be joined with long-term commitment to building supply chains and local production capacity to ensure safe water access.

scholarly journals Methanethiol Production by Brassica Vegetables Held in Anaerobic Atmospheres

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 823C-823
Author(s):  
Charles F. Forney ◽  
Michael A. Jordan
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Cabbage ◽  
Volatile Compound ◽  
Dimethyl Disulfide ◽  
Modified Atmosphere ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Brussels Sprouts ◽  
Pak Choi ◽  
Dimethyl Trisulfide ◽  
Brassica Vegetables ◽  
Headspace Concentration

Methanethiol (MT) is a volatile compound responsible for the strong off-odor that is evolved when fresh broccoli is held under anaerobic atmospheres. Inductive atmospheres can develop in modified-atmosphere packages, resulting in reduced quality. To determine if related vegetables are capable of producing MT, 12 different vegetables from the genus Brassica were cut into ready-to-eat forms. Fifty-gram samples of these cut vegetables were sealed in 500-ml glass jars and flushed with N2. After flushing, jars were held for 24 h at 20C in the dark. Headspace samples from the jars then were analyzed for MT and other volatiles using a GC-MS> The concentration of MT was greatest in jars containing broccoli florets. Broccoli flower buds removed from florets produced 40 times more MT than peduncle and stem tissues (38.3 vs. 0.87 mmol·m–3). Headspace concentration of MT (mmol·m–3) in jars containing these different vegetables was: broccoli florets, 22.7; pak choi leaf blades, 17.8; savoy cabbage, 12.4; broccoflower, 7.5; green storage cabbage, 5.2; red cabbage, 2.7; kale, 0.81; Brussels sprouts, 0.36; pak choi petioles, 0.28; rutabaga root, 0.26; cauliflower florets, 0.18; Chinese cabbage, 0.03; and kohlrabi tubers, 0.02. In addition to MT, ethanol, dimethyl disulfide, and dimethyl trisulfide were detected in the headspace over each of the 12 vegetables. The contribution of these induced compounds to off-odor development in packaged, precut vegetables will be discussed.

scholarly journals Occurrence, Source, and Human Infection Potential of Cryptosporidium and Giardia spp. in Source and Tap Water in Shanghai, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (11) ◽  
pp. 3609-3616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaoyu Feng ◽  
Xukun Zhao ◽  
Jiaxu Chen ◽  
Wei Jin ◽  
Xiaonong Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Sample ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Method 1623

ABSTRACTGenotyping studies on the source and human infection potential ofCryptosporidiumoocysts in water have been almost exclusively conducted in industrialized nations. In this study, 50 source water samples and 30 tap water samples were collected in Shanghai, China, and analyzed by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Method 1623. To find a cost-effective method to replace the filtration procedure, the water samples were also concentrated by calcium carbonate flocculation (CCF). Of the 50 source water samples, 32% were positive forCryptosporidiumand 18% forGiardiaby Method 1623, whereas 22% were positive forCryptosporidiumand 10% forGiardiaby microscopy of CCF concentrates. When CCF was combined with PCR for detection, the occurrence ofCryptosporidium(28%) was similar to that obtained by Method 1623. Genotyping ofCryptosporidiumin 17 water samples identified the presence ofC. andersoniin 14 water samples,C. suisin 7 water samples,C. baileyiin 2 water samples,C. meleagridisin 1 water sample, andC. hominisin 1 water sample. Therefore, farm animals, especially cattle and pigs, were the major sources of water contamination in Shanghai source water, and most oocysts found in source water in the area were not infectious to humans.Cryptosporidiumoocysts were found in 2 of 30 tap water samples. The combined use of CCF for concentration and PCR for detection and genotyping provides a less expensive alternative to filtration and fluorescence microscopy for accurate assessment ofCryptosporidiumcontamination in water, although the results from this method are semiquantitative.

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