Tear film change and ocular symptoms after reading printed book and electronic book: a crossover study

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinnita Prabhasawat ◽  
Warinyupa Pinitpuwadol ◽  
Dawisa Angsriprasert ◽  
Pratuangsri Chonpimai ◽  
Manutsawin Saiman
Keyword(s):  
Crossover Study ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Electronic Book ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Film Change

scholarly journals Comparative characteristics of osmolarity, tear production and state of the corneal epithelium after instillations of the preparations Visomitin and hypromellose

2021 ◽  
pp. 249-255
Author(s):  
T. N. Safonova ◽  
Z. V. Surnina ◽  
G. V. Zaitseva
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Blurred Vision ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Corneal Staining ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Inflammatory Action

Introduction. Dry eye syndrome (DES) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface, characterized by changes in its homeostasis and accompanied by ocular symptoms, the etiology of which is associated with destabilization of the tear film, hyperosmolarity, inflammation, damage to the structures of the ocular surface and neurosensory disorders.Objective. To study the effect of a drug containing plastoquinonyldecyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (PDTP, SkQ1) on dynamics of osmolarity and reparative properties of the cornea.Materials and methods. The study included 23 patients (46 eyes) aged 23 to 49 years. All patients presented complaints of dryness, burning sensation, cramps and discomfort in the eyes, increased sensitivity with instillation of drops, periodic blurred vision. Patients underwent standard and special ophthalmic examinations. The patients were divided into two groups comparable in gender and quantitative composition.Results. Based on the results of the examination at the starting visit, all patients were diagnosed with DES mild or moderate study. After one week of therapy, a significant decrease in subjective complaints was noted patients who received the drug with PDTF. All patients tolerated the drug well. In the group of patients who received a tear replacement therapy with hypromellose, in most patients, while complaints of dryness persist, decreased a feeling of pain in the eyes. A month later, complaints persisted only in patients of this group, but their intensity was known significantly reduced compared to the visit after a week. Against the background of therapy with the drug with PDTP, significant improvement of the Schirmer test, Norn test and corneal staining, as well as with the help of a in vivo confocal microscopy shows a decrease in the number of Langerhans cells.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate a positive effect of PDTP on the structure of the ocular surface even with its short-term use due to its keratoprotective and anti-inflammatory action. 

Clinical relationship of meibometry with ocular symptoms and tear film stability

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 408-416
Author(s):  
Carlos García-Resúa ◽  
Hugo Pena-Verdeal ◽  
Maria Jesús Giráldez ◽  
Eva Yebra-Pimentel
Keyword(s):  
Tear Film ◽  
Film Stability ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Tear Film Stability ◽  
Clinical Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

scholarly journals Risk Factors and Symptoms of Meibomian Gland Loss in a Healthy Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Machalińska ◽  
Aleksandra Zakrzewska ◽  
Krzysztof Safranow ◽  
Barbara Wiszniewska ◽  
Bogusław Machaliński
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Ocular Surface Disease Index ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Ocular Surface Health ◽  
Age And Sex

Purpose. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between MGL and ocular symptoms, several systemic conditions, and key markers of ocular surface health.Methods. We included into the study 91 healthy volunteers between the ages of 20 and 77 years. We analyzed meibomian gland morphology, function, and lid margin alterations. We correlated our findings with self-reported ocular symptoms, systemic medical history, lifestyle factors, and tear film abnormalities.Results. We observed that a high ocular surface disease index, a history of either chalazion or hordeolum, experience of puffy eyelids upon waking, and foreign body sensation all appeared to be predictors of an abnormal meiboscore after adjusting for age and sex (p=0.0007;p=0.001;p=0.02;p=0.001, resp.). Multivariate logistic regression model including age and sex showed that there were three independent predictors of abnormal meiboscore: older age (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 1.01–1.04 per year,p=0.006), postmenopausal hormone therapy (OR = 4.98, 95% CI = 1.52–16.30,p=0.007), and the use of antiallergy drugs (OR = 5.85, 95% CI = 2.18–15.72,p=0.0004).Conclusion. Our findings extend current knowledge on the pathophysiology of MGL.

scholarly journals Detection of SARS-CoV-2-RNA in post-mortem samples of human eyes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josef Penkava ◽  
Maximilian Muenchhoff ◽  
Irina Badell ◽  
Andreas Osterman ◽  
Claire Delbridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Genome Sequencing ◽  
Genome Sequencing ◽  
Clinical Relevance ◽  
Corneal Transplantation ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Outpatient Setting ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Human Eyes

Abstract Purpose To detect SARS-CoV-2 RNA in post-mortem human eyes. Ocular symptoms are common in patients with COVID-19. In some cases, they can occur before the onset of respiratory and other symptoms. Accordingly, SARS-CoV-2 RNA has been detected in conjunctival samples and tear film of patients suffering from COVID-19. However, the detection and clinical relevance of intravitreal SARS-CoV-2 RNA still remain unclear due to so far contradictory reports in the literature. Methods In our study 20 patients with confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 were evaluated post-mortem to assess the conjunctival and intraocular presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA using sterile pulmonary and conjunctival swabs as well as intravitreal biopsies (IVB) via needle puncture. SARS-CoV-2 PCR and whole genome sequencing from the samples of the deceased patients were performed. Medical history and comorbidities of all subjects were recorded and analyzed for correlations with viral data. Results SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 10 conjunctival (50%) and 6 vitreal (30%) samples. SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing showed the distribution of cases largely reflecting the frequency of circulating lineages in the Munich area at the time of examination with no preponderance of specific variants. Especially there was no association between the presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in IVBs and infection with the variant of concern (VOC) alpha. Viral load in bronchial samples correlated positively with load in conjunctiva but not the vitreous. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 RNA can be detected post mortem in conjunctival tissues and IVBs. This is relevant to the planning of ophthalmologic surgical procedures in COVID-19 patients, such as pars plana vitrectomy or corneal transplantation. Furthermore, not only during surgery but also in an outpatient setting it is important to emphasize the need for personal protection in order to avoid infection and spreading of SARS-CoV-2. Prospective studies are needed, especially to determine the clinical relevance of conjunctival and intravitreal SARS-CoV-2 detection concerning intraocular affection in active COVID-19 state and in post-COVID syndrome.

scholarly journals A comparative study of efficacy of chloroquine phosphate 0.03% and sodium carboxymethylcellulose 1% in dry eye

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-307
Author(s):  
Vandana Sharma ◽  
Parag Tyagi ◽  
J P Chugh ◽  
R S Chauhan ◽  
Ashok Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Onset Of Action ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Group 2

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the tear film which leads to ocular discomfort, visual disturbances and damage to ocular surface. The objective of treatment of DED has now shifted from managemnt of ocular symptoms and patient relief to attainment of normal physiological composition of the tear film.Aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of chloroquine phosphate 0.03% (CQP) eye drops with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose 1% (CMC) eye drops in the management of DED. A single blind, prospective and comparative study including 100 patients of dry eyes was planned. The patients were randomly divided into two groups, each comprising of 50 patients. Group-1 patients were given CMC 1% eye drops 4 times a day for 12 weeks and Group-2 patients were given CQP 0.03% eye drops as the treatment modality 2 times a day for 12 weeks. The efficacy of both the drugs was compared and evaluated statistically. The study showed that both CQP and CMC eye drops are effective in treating DED, although faster onset of action was observed with CQP on ocular surface staining tests and Schirmer’s test. Also, it was noted that patients with severe DED showed least improvement in both the groups suggesting that mono-drug therapy is least effective in treatment of severe DED and multi drug therapy should be used early in treatment of severe DED.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Association between Galectin-3 Concentration in Tears and the Severity of Dry Eye Disease: A Case-Control Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Miki Hata-Mizuno ◽  
Yuichi Uchino ◽  
Miki Uchino ◽  
Shigeto Shimmura ◽  
Yoko Ogawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Detection Rate ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Surface Barrier ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Questionnaire Score ◽  
Galectin 3

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the severity of dry eye disease (DED) and galectin-3 concentration (gal-3) and its cleavage (gal-3C) in tear fluid. Twenty-eight DED patients and 14 controls were recruited at Keio University Hospital. The lissamine green conjunctival staining (LG) score, fluorescein corneal staining (FL) score, tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer’s test, and ocular symptoms questionnaire score (dry eye questionnaire score, DEQS) were evaluated. Furthermore, the correlation between these parameters and the concentrations of gal-3 in tears (ng/µg) and the detection rate of gal-3C (%) were analyzed. Gal-3 concentration in tears was positively correlated with the LG score (R = 0.60, p < 0.01), FL score (R = 0.49, p < 0.01), and DEQS (R = 0.45, p < 0.01), and negatively correlated with the TBUT score (R = −0.40, p < 0.01) and Schirmer’s I value (R = −0.36, p < 0.01). The detection rate of gal-3C in tears was significantly associated with the severity of DED, especially with the LG (p < 0.01) and FL (p < 0.01) scores. Therefore, the concentration of gal-3 and the detection rate of gal-3C in tears had a significant relationship with the severity of ocular surface barrier disruption.

scholarly journals Review of the Literature on Existing Management of Dry Eye Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 878-884
Author(s):  
Isha Chandrakar ◽  
Shruti Sanghavi
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Severe Case ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Lacrimal Glands ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Meibomian Glands

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease in which the tear film’s homeostasis is lost, along with other ocular symptoms such as tear film instability and high osmolarity, neurosensory abnormalities, and ocular surface inflammation and damage. DED is a condition of lacrimal apparatus which is responsible for tear production. The tear film is a mixture of mucin, aqueous (water and solutes like NacI, sugar, urea, proteins,), lipids secreted by goblet cells, lacrimal glands, and meibomian glands, respectively. It keeps the eye moist, provides oxygen to the cornea, and has antibacterial properties. The lipid layer prevents the evaporation of the aqueous. DED is categorized into (i)Aqueous-tear deficiency, characterized by a deficiency of lacrimal glands to secrete tears, (ii)Evaporative DED, associated with increased tear loss by evaporation because there is a deficiency of the meibomian glands. The mechanism of DED might be loss of tear through evaporation or insufficient aqueous production or a combination of the two. DED is a widespread eye problem, which is often left untreated. It causes irritation, itching, dryness, foreign body sensation, and discomfort; severe case causes conjunctival congestion, keratinization, erosion of the corneal epithelium, and plaque formation. If left Univision- threatening vision-threatening, leading to complications like corneal ulceration and perforation. Various clinical tests are used to diose DED, including tear breakup time, tear osmolarity, Schirmer test, Rose Bengal staining, and expression of inflammatory markers. There is no cure for DED at present. The following modalities are used for its treatment: use of punctual and canalicular plugs, artificial tear products like polyethylene glycol/propylene glycol with guar HP, consuming food rich in omega-three fatty acids, antioxidants zeaxanthin, and lutein, Use of anti-inflammatory drugs, mucolytics, secretagogues. Reducing or avoiding mild risk factors like prolonged reading, prolonged use of contact lenses, excessive screen time, etc. Treatment of causative disease.  Appropriate management and establishing reasonable patient expectations are necessary to ensure patient satisfaction and adherence to the treatment.

scholarly journals Efficacy of cyclosporine 0.05% in patients with dry eye syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3339
Author(s):  
Jitender Phogat ◽  
Ritesh Verma ◽  
Manisha Rathi ◽  
Sumit Sachdeva ◽  
Latika Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Syndrome ◽  
Paper Test ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Ocular Symptoms ◽  
Body Sensation ◽  
Ocular Discomfort ◽  
Breakup Time

Background: An even and smooth ocular surface is vital for the functioning and comfort of the eyes. Dry eye is a group of disorders of the tear film which is due to either decreased production or increased evaporation and is associated with symptoms of ocular discomfort. Smoking and drugs have been suggested as risk factors in various studies. Cyclosporine has been shown to reduce the cell-mediated inflammatory reactions associated with the inflammatory ocular surface disease.Methods: 50 eyes of 25 patients suffering from dry-eye syndrome were included in this study. Three major ocular symptoms of dry eye i.e., ocular pain, burning, and foreign body sensation were studied in this study. Each symptom was given a score from 0 to 1 so that the ocular symptoms were given a score from 0 to 3.Results: There was a significant reduction in ocular symptoms score (OSS) 2.25 before treatment to 0.6 after 3 months of treatment (p=0.01). In addition, the Schirmer's paper test scores improved from 1.23 mm to 5.91 mm, which is significantly different (p=0.001). The tear film breakup time also improved from 5.49s to 9.86s.Conclusions: Cyclosporine 0.05% has been established to be effective and safe in our study.

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