scholarly journals E-cigarettes and smoking in Irish teens: a logistic regression analysis of current (past 30-day) use of e-cigarettes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Hanafin ◽  
Salome Sunday ◽  
Luke Clancy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Familial Support ◽  
School Survey ◽  
Binge Drinkers ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

Abstract Aim Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among Irish teenagers has risen significantly. In 2019, prevalence of current use (last 30 days) among 15–17-year-olds was 17.3%. We examine social determinants of adolescent e-cigarette current use. Subject and methods A stratified random sample of 50 schools in Ireland was surveyed in 2019, part of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD), with 3495 students aged 15, 16, and 17. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression [providing adjusted odds ratios (AORs)] analyses were performed using Stata version 16. Results Current e-cigarette users were more likely to be male (AOR = 0.55, 95% CI:0.32–0.96, p < .01), younger (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.17–0.67, p = < .05), to participate in sport (AOR = 2.21, 95% CI: 1.05–4.65, p < .05), to have higher-educated parents (maternal higher education: AOR = 27.54, 95% CI: 1.50–505.77, p = < .05, paternal higher education: AOR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.00–5.91, p < .05), and less likely to consider their families better off (AOR = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.13–0.65, p < .01), or to report familial support (AOR = 0.78, 95% CI: 0.64–0.95, p < .05). They were more likely to be cigarette smokers (AOR = 7.22, 95% CI: 3.97–13.12, p < .001), to report problem cannabis use (AOR = 3.12, 95% CI: 1.40–6.93, p < .01), to be ‘binge’ drinkers (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI : 1.00–3.32, p = .054), and to have friends who get drunk (AOR = 5.30, 95% CI: 1.34–20.86, p < .05). Conclusion Boys, smokers, binge drinkers, problem cannabis users, and sport-playing teenagers from higher-educated families, are at particular risk. As the number of young people using e-cigarettes continues to rise, including teenagers who have never smoked, improved regulation of e-cigarettes, similar to other tobacco-related products, is needed urgently to prevent this worrying new trend of initiation into nicotine addiction.

scholarly journals Title: E-cigarettes and smoking in Irish teens: A logistic regression analysis of current (past 30-day) use of e-cigarettes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Hanafin ◽  
Salome Sunday ◽  
Luke Clancy
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Familial Support ◽  
School Survey ◽  
Binge Drinkers ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

Abstract Aim: Electronic cigarette use among Irish teenagers has risen significantly. In 2019, prevalence of current use (last 30 days) among 15-17-year olds was 17.3%. We examine social determinants of adolescent e-cigarette current use. Subject and Methods: A stratified random sample of 50 schools in Ireland was surveyed in 2019, part of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD), with 3,495 students aged 15, 16 and 17. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression (providing adjusted odds ratios (AORs)) analyses were performed using Stata version 16. Results: Current e-cigarette users were more likely to be male (AOR=0.55, 95% CI:0.32-0.96, p<.01), younger (AOR=0.34, 95% CI:0.17-0.67, p=<.05), to participate in sport (AOR=2.21, 95% CI:1.05-4.65, p<.05), to have higher-educated parents (maternal higher education: AOR=27.54, 95% CI:1.50-505.77, p=<.05, paternal higher education: AOR=2.44, 95% CI:1.00-5.91, p<.05), and less likely to consider their families better off (AOR=0.29, 95% CI:0.13-0.65, p<.01), or to report familial support (AOR=0.78, 95% CI:0.64-0.95, p<.05). They were more likely to be cigarette smokers (AOR=7.22, 95% CI:3.97-13.12, p<.001), to report problem cannabis use (AOR=3.12, 95% CI:1.40-6.93, p<.01), to be ‘binge’ drinkers (AOR=1.81, 95% CI:1.00-3.32, p=.054), and to have friends who get drunk (AOR=5.30, 95% CI:1.34-20.86, p<.05). Conclusion: Boys, smokers, binge drinkers, problem cannabis users, and sport-playing teenagers from higher-educated families, are at particular risk. As the number of young people using e-cigarettes continues to rise, including teenagers who have never smoked, improved regulation of e-cigarettes, similar to other tobacco-related products, is needed urgently to prevent this worrying new trend of initiation into nicotine addiction.

scholarly journals Friends and family matter Most: a trend analysis of increasing e-cigarette use among Irish teenagers and socio-demographic, personal, peer and familial associations

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Hanafin ◽  
Salome Sunday ◽  
Luke Clancy
Keyword(s):  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
School Survey ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs ◽  
Family Matter ◽  
Associated Variables

Abstract Background E-cigarette ever-use and current-use among teenagers has increased worldwide, including in Ireland. Methods We use data from two Irish waves (2015, 2019) of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) to investigate gender and teenage e-cigarette use (n = 3421 16-year-olds). Using chi-square analyses, we report changes in e-cigarette ever-use, current-use, and associated variables. Using multivariable logistic regression, we analyse the increase in e-cigarette use and socio-demographic, personal, peer and familial associations, focusing on gender differences. Results E-cigarette ever-use increased from 23% in 2015 to 37% in 2019, and current-use from 10 to 18%. Compared with 2015, the odds in 2019, of becoming both an e-cigarette ever-user and current-user, were significantly higher for girls than boys (ever-use: AOR 2.67 vs 2.04; current-use: AOR 3.11 vs 1.96). Smoking and e-cigarette use are linked but never-smokers who try e-cigarettes rose significantly from 33 to 67% and those using e-cigarettes to quit smoking decreased significantly from 17 to 3%. Almost two-thirds of respondents (66%) in 2019 said that their reason for trying e-cigarettes was “out of curiosity”. Peer smoking is significantly associated with likelihood of e-cigarette ever-use (AOR 6.52) and current-use (AOR 5.45). If “Most/All friends smoke”, odds were significantly higher for boys than for girls (ever-use AOR 7.07 vs 6.23; current-use AOR 5.90 vs 5.31). Less parental monitoring is significantly associated with greater e-cigarette ever-use (AOR 3.96) and current-use (4.48), and having parents who usually don’t know where their child is on Saturday nights was also associated with significantly higher odds for boys than for girls (ever-use AOR 5.42 vs 3.33; current-use AOR 5.50 vs 3.50). Conclusion Respondents had significantly higher odds of being e-cigarette ever- and current-users in 2019 compared with 2015. Use is higher among boys but girls are increasingly at risk. Two-thirds had never smoked cigarettes at first e-cigarette use; two-thirds used out of curiosity but few (3%) for smoking cessation. The most prominent risk factors for e-cigarette use were peer- and parent-related, especially so for boys. Interventions that take account of friend and family influences may provide mechanisms for preventing an increasing risk of nicotine addiction.

scholarly journals E-Cigarettes are More Addictive than Traditional Cigarettes—A Study in Highly Educated Young People

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (13) ◽  
pp. 2279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jankowski ◽  
Krzystanek ◽  
Zejda ◽  
Majek ◽  
Lubanski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Item Questionnaire ◽  
Traditional Tobacco ◽  
Addictive Potential

E-cigarettes are often considered less addictive than traditional cigarettes. This study aimed to assess patterns of e-cigarette use and to compare nicotine dependence among cigarette and e-cigarette users in a group of highly educated young adults. From 3002 healthy adults, a representative group of 30 cigarette smokers, 30 exclusive e-cigarette users, and 30 dual users were recruited. A 25-item questionnaire was used to collect information related to the patterns and attitudes towards the use of cigarettes and e-cigarettes. The Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND) and its adapted version for e-cigarettes were used to analyze nicotine dependence in each of the groups. The nicotine dependence levels measured with FTND were over two times higher among e-cigarette users (mean 3.5) compared to traditional tobacco smokers (mean 1.6; p<0.001). Similarly, among dual users, nicotine dependence levels were higher when using an e-cigarette (mean 4.7) compared to using traditional cigarettes (mean 3.2; p=0.03). Habits and behaviors associated with the use of e-cigarettes did not differ significantly (p>0.05) between exclusive e-cigarette users and dual users. The findings suggest that e-cigarettes may have a higher addictive potential than smoked cigarettes among young adults.

scholarly journals Working while on a disability pension in Finland: Association of diagnosis and financial factors to employment

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (19_suppl) ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anu Polvinen ◽  
Mikko Laaksonen ◽  
Juha Rantala ◽  
Marjukka Hietaniemi ◽  
Jari Kannisto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Disability Pension ◽  
Paid Work ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Financial Factors ◽  
Low Education ◽  
Cent Sample

Aims: The aim of this study was to find out whether health and financial factors are associated with engagement in paid work during a disability pension. Methods: The data included a 10 per cent sample of Finns aged 20–62 years who were drawing earnings-related full or partial disability pension in 2012 ( n = 14,418). Logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratios for working while on a full or partial disability pension. Results: Fourteen per cent of full disability pensioners and 76 per cent of partial disability pensioners were engaged in paid work. Full disability pensioners due to mental disorders were working less often than full disability pensioners due to other diseases. Partial disability pensioners due to cardiovascular diseases were working more than partial disability pensioners due to other diseases. More recent timing of disability pension was associated with working for both partial and full disability pensioners. Working while on disability pension was more common among those with higher education. Partial disability pensioners with average pension worked more often than those with high pension. Conclusions: By knowing the factors associated with working while on a disability pension, policies could be more efficiently allocated to encourage disability pensioners to take up work. One way would be to support disability pensioners with low education to work more. Another way to increase work among disability pensioners is to support the recently retired in working longer.

E-Cigarette Use Among Youths and Young Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic: United States, 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. e1-e9
Author(s):  
Jennifer M. Kreslake ◽  
Bethany J. Simard ◽  
Katie M. O’Connor ◽  
Minal Patel ◽  
Donna M. Vallone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
United States ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Young People ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
At Home

Objectives. To determine whether the COVID-19 pandemic affected e-cigarette use among young people in the United States. Methods. Data came from a weekly cross-sectional online survey of youths and young adults (aged 15–24 years). Logistic regression analyses measured odds of past-30-day e-cigarette use (n = 5752) following widespread stay-at-home directives (March 14–June 29, 2020), compared with the pre‒COVID-19 period (January 1–March 13, 2020). Logistic regression among a subsample of current e-cigarette users (n = 779) examined factors associated with reduced use following stay-at-home orders. Results. Odds of current e-cigarette use were significantly lower during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the pre‒COVID-19 period among youths aged 15 to 17 years (odds ratio [OR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.54, 0.96) and young adults aged 18 to 20 years (OR = 0.65; 95% CI = 0.52, 0.81). E-cigarette users with reduced access to retail environments had higher odds of reporting reduced e-cigarette use (OR = 1.51; 95% CI = 1.07, 2.14). Conclusions. COVID-19 stay-at-home directives present barriers to e-cigarette access and are associated with a decline in e-cigarette use among young people. Public Health Implications. Findings support the urgent implementation of interventions that reduce underage access to e-cigarettes to accelerate a downward trajectory of youth and young adult e-cigarette use. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print April 15, 2021: e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2021.306210 )

Determinants of Systemic Retention: Implications for Improving Retention Practice in Higher Education

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy L. Caison
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Student Integration ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Institutional Departure ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Institutional Retention ◽  
Do So

Drawing on Tinto's (1987, 1993) theory of student integration, this research examines students who withdrew from their original institution prior to graduation. Of this group, some of the students who withdraw do so to transfer to another institution, and it is reasonable to assume that these students are different in many ways from students who withdraw and do not continue their education. Thus, the purpose of this effort is to provide a better understanding of the characteristics of students who leave their original institution so that intervention strategies can be more carefully targeted to the individual needs of these two groups. Results of the logistic regression analysis concur with some aspects of the existing literature on institutional departure; however, this study of systemic departure differs on several key points. The implications for the findings are then discussed in terms of their impact on the design institutional retention programs.

Trend analyses suggest gender-focused, peer-aware, and parent-targeted interventions could reduce teenage e-cigarette use

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Hanafin ◽  
Salome Sunday ◽  
Luke Clancy
Keyword(s):  
Parental Monitoring ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Peer Influences ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
School Survey ◽  
Increasing Risk ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

Abstract E-cigarette ever-use and current-use among teenagers has been increasing worldwide, including in Ireland. Boys are widely observed to have increased prevalence compared with girls.We use data from two waves of the European School Survey Project on Alcohol and other Drugs (ESPAD) in Ireland and focus on gender and teenage e-cigarette use. We examine changes in ever and current-use among 16-year-olds (n = 3,421) between 2015 and 2019. We use multivariable logistic regression analyses to explore relative and gendered effects of covariates on teenage e-cigarette use.E-cigarette ever-use increased from 23–39% and current-use from 10–18%, (in 2015 vs 2019, respectively). The rate of increase in ever-use is significantly greater for girls AOR 2.67 (C.I. 2.02, 3.54) vs 2.04 (C.I. 1.55, 2.68) for boys. Smoking and e-cigarette use are linked but never-smokers who try e-cigarettes have risen from 33–67%. Peer smoking is also significantly associated with e-cigarette ever- and current-use, particularly for boys if “Most/All friends smoke” AOR 5.90 (C.I. 3.31, 10.52) vs 3.50 (C.I. 1.79, 6.84) for girls. Less parental monitoring is associated with greater e-cigarette use, for boys AOR 5.50 (C.I. 2.85, 10.61) vs AOR 5.31 (C.I. 3.01, 9.37) for girls.Boys currently have a higher prevalence of e-cigarette use but girls are increasingly at risk. Targeting by industry through advertising, gaming and social media may contribute to use. Peer influences and parental monitoring are significant risk factors for use and provide a mechanism for intervention to prevent an increasing risk of nicotine addiction.

Utilization of complementary and traditional medicine practitioners among older adults in India: results of a national survey in 2016-2017

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengpid Peltzer ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Urban Residence ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Insurance Cover ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression ◽  
Current Tobacco

Abstract Background: Lack of information exists about the use of traditional and complementary medicine (TCM) use among older adults in India, which led to studying the estimates of past-12 month Ayurveda/Yoga/Naturopathy/Unani/Siddha/Homeopathy (AYUSH) and traditional health practitioner (THP) utilization in India. Methods: The study included 72,262 individuals (45 years and older) from the cross-sectional 2017-2018 Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI) Wave 1.Results: The prevalence of past 12-month AYUSH practitioner utilization was 6.5%, THP 7.0%, and AYUSH or THP 13.0%. In the adjusted logistic regression analysis, functional disability (Adjusted Odds Ratio-AOR: 1.25, 95% Confidence Interval-CI: 1.09-1.42), having pain (AOR: 1.47, 95% CI: 1.31-1.65) and current tobacco use (AOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.14-1.48) were positively and male sex (AOR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.69-0.88), higher education (AOR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.80-0.99), scheduled caste (AOR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.36-0.63), high subjective socioeconomic status (AOR: 0.66, 95% CI: 0.57-0.77), urban residence (AOR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.57-0.75) and having a health insurance cover (AOR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.32-0.44) were negatively associated with AYUSH practitioner utilization in the past 12 months. In a second adjusted logistic regression analysis, sleep problems (AOR: 1.30, 95% CI: 1.14-1.48), depressive symptoms (AOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.02-1.28) functional disability (AOR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.01-1.30), having pain (AOR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.35-1.70), current tobacco use (AOR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.13-1.43) and having underweight (AOR: 1.15, 95% CI: 1.02-1.31) were positively associated with past 12-month THP utilization. Furthermore, having health insurance cover (AOR: 0.44, 95% CI: 0.38-0.51), overweight or obesity (AOR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72-0.97), having two or more chronic conditions (AOR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.50-0.72), urban residence (AOR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.20-0.28), high subjective socioeconomic status (AOR: 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70-0.96), and higher education (AOR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.34-0.52) were negatively associated with past 12-month THP utilization.Conclusion: A moderate prevalence of TCM use among older adults in India was found and several factors associated with its use were identified.

scholarly journals Prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in young people under 45 years old with abdominal obesity in Novosibirsk

2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
A. N. Spiridonov ◽  
D. V. Denisova ◽  
Y. I. Ragino
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Young People ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Abdominal Obesity ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Young Population

The study was devoted to the study of the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia (hyper-Chol) and hypercholesterolemia of low density lipoproteins (hyper-LDL-C) against the background of abdominal obesity (AO) in a population aged 25–44 years in Novosibirsk. Material and methods. A crosssectional survey of the population aged 25–44 years in Novosibirsk (Russia) was carried out. 1415 people were examined, including 670 men (47.3 %) and 745 women (52.7 %), pregnant women or being on maternity leave were not included in the study). All subjects were assessed for the presence of AO, hyper-Chol and hyper-LDL-C. Results. Individuals with AO had higher average values of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. The prevalence of hyper-Chol in individuals with AO was 1.3 times higher and hyper-LDL-C – 1.2 times higher than in individuals without AO. In women with AO, the prevalence of hyper-Chol was 1.2 times higher and hyper-LDL-C – 1.3 times higher than in women without AO. In men with AO, the prevalence of hyper-Chol was 1.4 times higher and hyper-LDL-C – 1.2 times higher than in men without AO. When conducting logistic regression analysis, it was found that in a young population under 45 years of age, abdominal obesity was significantly associated with the presence of atherogenic hypercholesterolemia in both sexes. In men, significant associations of AO with both hyper-Chol and hyper-LDL-C were noted, in women – only with hyper-LDL-C. Conclusions. A population study of young people (25–44 years old) revealed associations of atherogenic hypercholesterolemia with abdominal obesity.

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