Cumulative Forage Production, Forage Quality and Livestock Performance from an Annual Ryegrass and Cereal Rye Mixture in a Pine Walnut Silvopasture

2005 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Kallenbach ◽  
M.S. Kerley ◽  
G.J. Bishop-Hurley
Keyword(s):  
Forage Quality ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Cereal Rye

scholarly journals Multispecies for multifunctions: combining four complementary species enhances multifunctionality of sown grassland

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Suter ◽  
Olivier Huguenin-Elie ◽  
Andreas Lüscher
Keyword(s):  
Forage Quality ◽  
N Cycling ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Mixture Effects ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Diversity Effects ◽  
Species Mixtures

AbstractAssessing the overall performance of ecosystems requires a quantitative evaluation of multifunctionality. We investigated plant species diversity effects on individual functions and overall multifunctionality in a grassland experiment with sown monocultures and mixtures comprising four key grass and legume species. Nitrogen fertilisation rates were 50, 150, and 450 kg N ha−1 yr−1 (N50, N150, N450). Ten functions were measured representing forage production, N cycling, and forage quality, all being related to either productivity or environmental footprint. Multifunctionality was analysed by a novel approach using the mean log response ratio across functions. Over three experimental years, mixture effects benefited all forage production and N cycling functions, while sustaining high forage quality. Thus, mixture effects did not provoke any trade-off among the analysed functions. High N fertilisation rates generally diminished mixture benefits. Multifunctionality of four-species mixtures was considerably enhanced, and mixture overall performance was up to 1.9 (N50), 1.8 (N150), and 1.6 times (N450) higher than in averaged monocultures. Multifunctionality of four-species mixtures at N50 was at least as high as in grass monocultures at N450. Sown grass–legume mixtures combining few complementary species at low to moderate N fertilisation sustain high multifunctionality and are a ‘ready-to-use’ option for the sustainable intensification of agriculture.

Forage production, N uptake, N2 fixation, and N recovery of berseem clover grown in pure stand and in mixture with annual ryegrass under different managements

2011 ◽  
Vol 342 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 379-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Giambalvo ◽  
Paolo Ruisi ◽  
Giuseppe Di Miceli ◽  
Alfonso Salvatore Frenda ◽  
Gaetano Amato
Keyword(s):  
N2 Fixation ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Berseem Clover

Herbicide Programs for the Termination of Various Cover Crop Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 514-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cody D. Cornelius ◽  
Kevin W. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Herbicide Treatments

The recent interest in cover crops as a component of Midwest corn and soybean production systems has led to a greater need to understand the most effective herbicide treatments for cover crop termination prior to planting corn or soybean. Previous research has shown that certain cover crop species can significantly reduce subsequent cash crop yields if not completely terminated. Two field experiments were conducted in 2013, 2014, and 2015 to determine the most effective herbicide program for the termination of winter wheat, cereal rye, crimson clover, Austrian winter pea, annual ryegrass, and hairy vetch; and cover crops were terminated in early April or early May. Visual control and above ground biomass reduction was determined 28 d after application (DAA). Control of grass cover crop species was often best with glyphosate alone or combined with 2,4-D, dicamba, or saflufenacil. The most consistent control of broadleaf cover crops occurred following treatment with glyphosate +2,4-D, dicamba, or saflufenacil. In general, control of cover crops was higher with early April applications compared to early May. In a separate study, control of 15-, 25-, and 75-cm tall annual ryegrass was highest with glyphosate at 2.8 kg ha−1or glyphosate at 1.4 kg ha−1plus clethodim at 0.136 kgha−1. Paraquat- or glufosinate-containing treatments did not provide adequate annual ryegrass control. For practitioners who desire higher levels of cover crop biomass, these results indicate that adequate levels of cover crop control can still be achieved in the late spring with certain herbicide treatments. But it is important to consider cover crop termination well in advance to ensure the most effective herbicide or herbicide combinations are used and the products are applied at the appropriate stage.

IMPROVEMENT OF FORAGE QUALITY THROUGH PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT AND PLANT BREEDING

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 895-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. HOWARTH ◽  
B. P. GOPLEN
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Production Management ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Grazing Systems ◽  
Forage Management

The prospects for improving forage quality through improved management of forage production and through plant breeding are reviewed, with emphasis on the Canadian situation. The major components of forage quality are nutrient content, digestibility, voluntary intake, and lack of anti-nutritive factors. Since maturity has a major impact on forage quality, adequate harvest systems and equipment are essential for consistent production of quality forage. Legume forages are generally of higher quality than grasses. Greater use of legumes and improved procedures for renovation of grass-legume mixtures provide opportunities for improved forage quality. Greater use of complementary and rotational grazing systems should enhance intake of quality forage. Breeding for improved forage quality is a slow, long-term approach, but relatively small improvements in digestibility can give substantial improvements in animal productivity. Breeding for improved quality should continue with emphasis on anti-nutritive factors and intake of digestible energy. Progress in breeding the cool-season forages for improved quality has been impaired by inadequate analytical techniques. Analytical methods used in nutrition laboratories may require modification or adaptation to meet the unique requirements of plant breeders.Key words: Forage, management, breeding, quality, digestion

Intercropping black oat (Avena strigosa) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) can increase pasture leaf production compared with their monocultures

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 574 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo G. Duchini ◽  
Gabriela C. Guzatti ◽  
Henrique M. N. Ribeiro-Filho ◽  
André F. Sbrissia
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Incident Radiation ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Leaf Production ◽  
Avena Strigosa

Multi-species pastures have been viewed as a means to increase forage production relative to monocultures through enhanced three-dimensional occupation of the canopy, which will intercept and use the incident radiation more efficiently. For this to occur, increased production of photosynthetically active tissues such as leaves is required. We tested the hypothesis that intercropping of black oats (Avena strigosa Schum.) and annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) can increase total and leaf forage production compared with their monocultures. Monocultures and mixed pastures of black oat and annual ryegrass were established, and their tiller morphogenetic and structural traits, as well as components of herbage production, were measured throughout the usage period of the pastures. There was no difference between treatments for total growth rate (77.1 kg dry matter (DM) ha–1 day–1), but annual ryegrass pastures presented the greatest stem growth rate (38.1 kg DM ha–1 day–1). Taking into account only the vegetative phase, the intercropped pasture produced 20% more leaf than the monocultures. There were no differences between species, either in monoculture or intercropped, for phyllochron, final leaf length, leaf elongation duration and leaf elongation rate. The most important modification in morphogenetic variables due to the inter-specific competition was an increase in senescence rate of annual ryegrass leaves. The average specific green leaf weight in the intercropping pastures corresponded to 84.6% and 137.5% of those values observed for black oat and annual ryegrass pastures, respectively. On the other hand, the intercropping pastures presented 43.5% more tillers than the black oat pastures and 17.8% fewer tillers than the annual ryegrass pastures. It is suggested that intercropping black oat and annual ryegrass does not change tiller ontogenetic processes and that the association of their different size and shape in intercropped pastures could increase pasture leaf production over their monocultures.

scholarly journals UNAPREĐENJE PROIZVODNJE STOČNE HRANE NA PRIRODNIM TRAVNJACIMA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladeta Stevovic ◽  
◽  
Dalibor Tomic ◽  
Dragan Đurovic ◽  
Milomirka Madic
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Floristic Composition ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Natural Grasslands ◽  
Limited Application

Yield and quality of forage mainly depend on the floristic composition, ie the share of higher quality grasses and legumes, soil fertility, amount and distribution of precipitation and light. Natural meadows and pastures are the most important resource in the forage production in the hilly and mountainous area of Republic of Serbia. Despite the large areas, the forage production on natural grasslands is relatively low. Limited application of a small number of agrotechnical measures is the main reason for low and unstable yields and poor forage quality. Only by appropriate fertilization of meadows and pastures with mineral and organic fertilizers, their rational exploitation, it is possible to achieve an increase in hay yield by several times and improvement in forage quality, simultaneously.

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Economic Effects of Cover Crop Use on Farm Net Returns per Acre in Central Indiana

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 5104
Author(s):  
Megan N. Hughes ◽  
Michael R. Langemeier
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Stochastic Modelling ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
The Impact

Utilizing cover crop treatments can have significant agronomic benefits for a farm enterprise. However, implementing this technology introduces additional costs. Data were obtained from a Central Indiana case farm to evaluate the relationship between applied nitrogen and corn yield, and how this relationship is impacted by introducing three different species of cover crops: annual ryegrass, cereal rye, and an oats and radish blend. The resulting information was then translated into a partial budget so that the effects on net returns could be analyzed using historical prices and stochastic modelling. The results showed that the impact on net returns per acre varied among cover crop species. The implementation of annual ryegrass resulted in a negative change to net returns. Conversely, implementing cereal rye or an oats and radish blend resulted in a positive change to net returns, with the largest net benefits accruing to the oats and radish blend.

scholarly journals Herbage production, botanical and plant-part composition of mixed black oat (Avena strigosa Scherb.) annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) pastures under different management strategies

2019 ◽  
pp. 1826-1832
Author(s):  
André Brugnara Soares ◽  
André Luis Finkler da Silveira ◽  
Tangriani Simioni Assmann ◽  
Daniel Schmitt
Keyword(s):  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Canopy Height ◽  
Annual Ryegrass ◽  
Forage Production

Mixing annual ryegrass and black oat can improve forage production in subtropical and temperate areas with integrated crop-livestock systems. Thus, we evaluated the forage production dynamics of mixed annual ryegrass-black oat pastures under different management strategies based on canopy height and supplement level. Pastures were continuously stocked with Boer goats at two grazing heights (12 or 21 cm); animals received or did not receive energy supplements (0 and 15 g kg-1 of body weight). These treatments were applied using a factorial scheme (2 × 2) and randomized block design with three replications. We evaluated the herbage accumulation rate (kg of DM h-1 day-1) using the exclusion cage technique, herbage mass (HM, kg of DM ha-1) using the double sampling technique, and botanical and plant-part composition (%) of destructive samplings. Supplementation had no effect on the parameters measured (P ≤ 0.05). Annual ryegrass become the predominant species during the experimental period and mainly at the lowest canopy height. Total herbage production during the 131 days of pasture utilization was 10,280 kg of DM ha-1. The herbage accumulation rate was similar between the two canopy heights; however, it varied throughout experimental period. Leaf lamina mass was lower in treatments 12 cm up to 102 after sowing; after that, they were equivalent. At the end of the study, herbage mass was 2720 kg DM ha-1 with the 21-cm treatment and 2170 kg DM ha-1 with the 12-cm treatment. It is recommended to maintain mixed annual ryegrass-black oat pastures at 12 cm in height. Reasons are discussed throughout the text.

Potential of perennial cereal rye for perennial grain production in Manitoba

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 958-960
Author(s):  
Douglas J. Cattani
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Winter Survival ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Production Potential ◽  
Cereal Rye ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Perennial Grain ◽  
Secale Montanum

Perennial cereal rye (Secale cereale L. × Secale montanum Guss.) has been utilized for forage production and this study investigated its perennial grain production potential in Manitoba. Two seeding years at Carman, MB, showed poor winter survival and high ergot occurrence. Therefore, this species is not recommended for grain production in Manitoba.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document