The Levels of Monoamines and Their Metabolites in the Brain Structures of Rats Subjected to Two- and Three-Month-Long Social Isolation

2020 ◽  
Vol 168 (5) ◽  
pp. 605-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Krupina ◽  
N. N. Khlebnikova ◽  
V. B. Narkevich ◽  
P. L. Naplekova ◽  
V. S. Kudrin
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Monoamines And Their Metabolites

Central monoaminergic systems sensitivity to acute hypoxia with hypercapnia changes after the maintenance under the long-term social isolation

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 511-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.V. Karpova ◽  
V.V. Mikheev ◽  
V.V. Marysheva ◽  
N.A. Kuritcyna ◽  
E.R. Bychkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Acute Hypoxia ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Hypoxia With Hypercapnia ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Monoamines And Their Metabolites

The experiments were performed in male albino outbred mice kept in a group and under the conditions of long-term social isolation. The changes in the monoaminergic systems of the left and right hemispheres of the brain after acute hypoxia with hypercapnia have been studied. The levels of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites – dioxyphenylacetic (DOPAC), homovanillic (HVA), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic (5-HIAA) acids – were determined by HPLC in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus and striatum of the right and left sides of the brain. In the control mice kept both in the group and under the conditions of social isolation, a higher content of DA in the cortex of the left hemisphere has been found. In the other brain structures the monoamine content was symmetric. In the cerebral cortex of the mice in the group, acute hypoxia with hypercapnia led to a right-sided increase in the DA and 5HT levels. At the same time, the DOPAC content decreased in the left cortex. In mice in the group, under the hypoxia with hypercapnia conditions, the DA level in the left hippocampus increased. In the striatum, the content of monoamines and their metabolites did not change significantly. In animals kept for a long time under the conditions of social isolation, hypoxia with hypercapnia no statistically significant changes in the monoamines and their metabolites levels were found. It has been concluded that the preliminary maintenance under the conditions of prolonged social isolation changes the reaction of central monoaminergic systems to acute hypoxia with hypercapnia.

scholarly journals Long-Term Social Isolation Reduces Expression of the BDNF Precursor and Prolyl Endopeptidase in the Rat Brain

2021 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 704-715
Author(s):  
Sofie D. Shirenova ◽  
Nadezhda N. Khlebnikova ◽  
Nataliya A. Krupina
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Frontal Cortex ◽  
Rat Brain ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Prolyl Endopeptidase ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Early-life stress is a risk factor for the development of behavioral and cognitive disorders in humans and animals. Such stressful situations include social isolation in early postnatal ontogenesis. Behavioral and cognitive impairments associated with neuroplastic changes in brain structures. We have found that after ten weeks of social isolation, male Wistar rats show behavioral abnormalities and cognitive deficit, accompanied by an increase in the relative expression of gene encoding serine protease prolyl endopeptidase (PREP, EC 3.4.21.26) in the brain frontal cortex. The present study aimed to assess synaptophysin (SYP), brain-derived neurotrophic factor precursor (proBDNF), and PREP expression using Western blot in the brain structures – the hippocampus, frontal cortex, and striatum of the rats subjected to prolonged social isolation compared with group-housed animals. Twenty Wistar rats were used for this study (10 males and 10 females). Experimental animals (5 males and 5 females) were kept one per cage for nine months, starting from the age of one month. Ten-month-old socially isolated rats showed memory deficit in passive avoidance paradigm and Morris Water Maze and reactivity to novelty reduction. We used monoclonal antibodies for the Western blot analysis of the expression of SYP, proBDNF, and PREP in the rat brain structures. Social isolation caused a proBDNF expression reduction in the frontal cortex in females and a reduction in PREP expression in the striatum in males. These data suppose that neurotrophic factors and PREP are involved in the mechanisms of behavioral and cognitive impairments observed in the rats subjected to prolonged social isolation with an early life onset.

scholarly journals Asymmetry in the content of brain monoamines of BALB/c mice reared in social isolation conditions

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inessa Vladimirovna Karpova ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mikheyev ◽  
Yevgeniy Rudolfovich Bychkov ◽  
Andrey Andreyevich Lebedev ◽  
Petr Dmitriyevich Shabanov
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Elevated Level ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Monoamines ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Brain

The effects of long-term social isolation on the content and metabolism of dopamine and serotonin systems were studied in symmetrical brain structures of BALB/c male mice. With HPLC the contents of dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) were measured in the cortex, hippocampus and striatum of both the right and the left hemispheres of the brain in mice reared in groups and social isolation. The isolated mice were characterized by reduced level of DA in the left striatum and elevated level of 5-HIAA and ratio 5-HIAA/5-HT in the right striatum. In the hippocampus of isolated mice, the activation of both DA-ergic and 5-HT-ergic systems was observed, that is the high level of DA and DOPAC in the left hippocampus and the elevated level of 5-HT in both hemispheres and of 5-HIAA in the right hippocampus were registered. On the other hand, the reduction of both DA-ergic and 5-HT-ergic systems activity was shown to be in the right hemisphere. The decreased concentration of DOPAC and ratio DOPAC/DA in the right cortex were observed as well. As to 5-HT-ergic system, the reduced level of 5-HT in the both cortex of the hemispheres as well as 5-HIAA in the right hemisphere of isolated mice was determined. The phenomenon of interhemispheric asymmetry was revealed in the hippocampus only, which was characterized by the increased DA-ergic activity in the left hippocampus but not in the striatum and the cortex.

The distribution of monoamines and their metabolites in the brain structures of rats at later periods after exposure to 12C ions

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. V. Belokopytova ◽  
O. V. Belov ◽  
V. S. Kudrin ◽  
V. B. Narkevich ◽  
P. M. Klodt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Structures ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Monoamines And Their Metabolites

Sex differences of the content on the monoamines levels in symmetrical structures of the C3H-A mice brain

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-64
Author(s):  
Inessa Vladimirovna Karpova ◽  
Sergey Nikolayevich Proshin ◽  
Ruslan Ivanovich Glushakov ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirovich Mikheyev ◽  
Evgeny Rudolfovich Bychkov
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cerebral Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Left Hippocampus ◽  
Tuberculum Olfactorium ◽  
Mice Brain ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Monoamines And Their Metabolites

The Sex differenses in the content and metabolism of dopamine and serotonin were studied in symmetrical brain structures of C3H-A mice. With HPLC the contents of norepinephrine (NE), dopamine (DA), serotonin (5-HT) and their metabolites, such as dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), homovanillinic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA), were measured in the cortex, tuberculum olfactorium, hippocampus and striatum of both the right and the left hemispheres of the brain in male and female mice. The following sex differences in monoamines and their metabolites in brain areas were found: the NE content was higher in the male striatum and in the female tuberculum olfactorium; in males the DA content in cortex and hippocampus was higher, but in tuberculum olfactorium and striatum was lower than that in females; in females the 5-HT and 5-HIAA levels in hippocampus and tuberculum olfactorium were hither than that in males. In the female left striatum the 5-HIAA content was higher than in males. In males three cases of neurochemical cerebral hemisphere asymmetries were found: 1) the NE content is higher in the right tuberculum olfactorium, 2) the DA level is higher in the right hippocampus, 3) the 5-HIAA content is higher in the left hippocampus. In females the only one case of cerebral asymmetry was found, i. g. the 5-HT level was higher in the right tuberculum olfactorium.

scholarly journals Peptides Derived from Growth Factors to Treat Alzheimer’s Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (11) ◽  
pp. 6071
Author(s):  
Suzanne Gascon ◽  
Jessica Jann ◽  
Chloé Langlois-Blais ◽  
Mélanie Plourde ◽  
Christine Lavoie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Native Proteins ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
The Brain

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive neuron losses in memory-related brain structures. The classical features of AD are a dysregulation of the cholinergic system, the accumulation of amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles. Unfortunately, current treatments are unable to cure or even delay the progression of the disease. Therefore, new therapeutic strategies have emerged, such as the exogenous administration of neurotrophic factors (e.g., NGF and BDNF) that are deficient or dysregulated in AD. However, their low capacity to cross the blood–brain barrier and their exorbitant cost currently limit their use. To overcome these limitations, short peptides mimicking the binding receptor sites of these growth factors have been developed. Such peptides can target selective signaling pathways involved in neuron survival, differentiation, and/or maintenance. This review focuses on growth factors and their derived peptides as potential treatment for AD. It describes (1) the physiological functions of growth factors in the brain, their neuronal signaling pathways, and alteration in AD; (2) the strategies to develop peptides derived from growth factor and their capacity to mimic the role of native proteins; and (3) new advancements and potential in using these molecules as therapeutic treatments for AD, as well as their limitations.

scholarly journals Post-Stroke Social Isolation Reduces Cell Proliferation in the Dentate Gyrus and Alters miRNA Profiles in the Aged Female Mice Brain

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Aleah Holmes ◽  
Yan Xu ◽  
Juneyoung Lee ◽  
Michael E. Maniskas ◽  
Liang Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Dentate Gyrus ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Stroke Recovery ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
The Brain

Social isolation and loneliness are risk factors for stroke. Elderly women are more likely to be isolated. Census data shows that in homeowners over the age of 65, women are much more likely to live alone. However, the underlying mechanisms of the detrimental effects of isolation have not been well studied in older females. In this study, we hypothesized that isolation impairs post-stroke recovery in aged female mice, leading to dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) in the brain, including those previously shown to be involved in response to social isolation (SI). Aged C57BL/6 female mice were subjected to a 60-min middle cerebral artery occlusion and were randomly assigned to either single housing (SI) or continued pair housing (PH) immediately after stroke for 15 days. SI immediately after stroke led to significantly more brain tissue loss after stroke and higher mortality. Furthermore, SI significantly delayed motor and sensory recovery and worsened cognitive function, compared to PH. A decrease in cell proliferation was seen in the dentate gyrus of SI mice assessed by bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling. miRNAome data analysis revealed changes in several miRNAs in the brain, such as miR-297a-3p and miR-200c-3p, which are known to regulate pathways involved in cell proliferation. In conclusion, our data suggest that SI can lead to a poor post-stroke recovery in aged females and dysregulation of miRNAs and reduced hippocampal cell proliferation.

scholarly journals The Brain Resting-State Functional Connectivity Underlying Violence Proneness: Is It a Reliable Marker for Neurocriminology? A Systematic Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel Romero-Martínez ◽  
Macarena González ◽  
Marisol Lila ◽  
Enrique Gracia ◽  
Luis Martí-Bonmatí ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Angular Gyrus ◽  
Resting State Functional Connectivity ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Reliable Marker ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: There is growing scientific interest in understanding the biological mechanisms affecting and/or underlying violent behaviors in order to develop effective treatment and prevention programs. In recent years, neuroscientific research has tried to demonstrate whether the intrinsic activity within the brain at rest in the absence of any external stimulation (resting-state functional connectivity; RSFC) could be employed as a reliable marker for several cognitive abilities and personality traits that are important in behavior regulation, particularly, proneness to violence. Aims: This review aims to highlight the association between the RSFC among specific brain structures and the predisposition to experiencing anger and/or responding to stressful and distressing situations with anger in several populations. Methods: The scientific literature was reviewed following the PRISMA quality criteria for reviews, using the following digital databases: PubMed, PsycINFO, Psicodoc, and Dialnet. Results: The identification of 181 abstracts and retrieval of 34 full texts led to the inclusion of 17 papers. The results described in our study offer a better understanding of the brain networks that might explain the tendency to experience anger. The majority of the studies highlighted that diminished RSFC between the prefrontal cortex and the amygdala might make people prone to reactive violence, but that it is also necessary to contemplate additional cortical (i.e. insula, gyrus [angular, supramarginal, temporal, fusiform, superior, and middle frontal], anterior and posterior cingulated cortex) and subcortical brain structures (i.e. hippocampus, cerebellum, ventral striatum, and nucleus centralis superior) in order to explain a phenomenon as complex as violence. Moreover, we also described the neural pathways that might underlie proactive violence and feelings of revenge, highlighting the RSFC between the OFC, ventral striatal, angular gyrus, mid-occipital cortex, and cerebellum. Conclusions. The results from this synthesis and critical analysis of RSFC findings in several populations offer guidelines for future research and for developing a more accurate model of proneness to violence, in order to create effective treatment and prevention programs.

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