scholarly journals Genetic Influences on the Covariance and Genetic Correlations in a Bivariate Twin Model: An Application to Well-Being

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianne P. de Vries ◽  
Toos C. E. M. van Beijsterveldt ◽  
Hermine Maes ◽  
Lucía Colodro-Conde ◽  
Meike Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Genetic Influences ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Twin Model ◽  
Twin Models ◽  
Adolescent Twins ◽  
Depressed Symptoms

AbstractThe distinction between genetic influences on the covariance (or bivariate heritability) and genetic correlations in bivariate twin models is often not well-understood or only one is reported while the results show distinctive information about the relation between traits. We applied bivariate twin models in a large sample of adolescent twins, to disentangle the association between well-being (WB) and four complex traits (optimism, anxious-depressed symptoms (AD), aggressive behaviour (AGG), and educational achievement (EA)). Optimism and AD showed respectively a strong positive and negative phenotypic correlation with WB, the negative correlation of WB and AGG is lower and the correlation with EA is nearly zero. All four traits showed a large genetic contribution to the covariance with well-being. The genetic correlations of well-being with optimism and AD are strong and smaller for AGG and EA. We used the results of the models to explain what information is retrieved based on the bivariate heritability versus the genetic correlations and the (clinical) implications.

scholarly journals Unraveling the genetic and environmental relationship between well-being and depressive symptoms throughout the lifespan

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart Baselmans ◽  
Yayouk Willems ◽  
Toos van Beijsterveldt ◽  
Lannie Ligthart ◽  
Gonneke WIllemsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
Environmental Correlations ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Sides

Whether well-being and depressive symptoms can be considered as two sides of the same coin is widely debated. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the etiology of the association between well-being and depressive symptoms across the lifespan. In a cohort-sequential design, including data from 43,427 twins between age 7 and 99, we estimated the association between well-being and depressive symptoms throughout the lifespan and assessed genetic and environmental contributions to the observed overlap. For both well-being (range 31% –45%) and depressive symptoms (range 50%-61%), genetic factors explained a substantial part of the phenotypic variance across the lifespan. Correlations between well-being and depressive symptoms across ages ranged from -.34 in childhood to -.49 in adulthood. In children and adults (aged >27), environmental effects explained 51% to 59% of the phenotypic correlation, while for adolescents and young adults strong genetic influences (60%-77%) on the association were observed. Moderate to high genetic correlations (ranging from 0.60 to 0.70) were observed in adolescence and adulthood, while in childhood environmental correlations were substantial but genetic correlations small. These results suggest that environmental factors are important in explaining the relationship between well-being and depressive symptoms in childhood, while from adolescence onwards a genetic predisposition for higher well-being is indicative for a genetic predisposition for lower depressive symptoms, and vice versa. These results provided more insights into the etiological underpinnings of well-being and depressive symptoms, possibly allowing to articulate better strategies for health promotion and resource allocation in the future.

Individual differences in the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on optimism and meaning in life

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lianne de Vries ◽  
Margot Van de Weijer ◽  
Dirk Pelt ◽  
Lannie Ligthart ◽  
Gonneke WIllemsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Genetic Architecture ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Environmental Variance ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Twin Models

We investigated the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown on optimism and meaning in life in a sample of the Netherlands Twin Register. Participants completed questions before (N=9964) and during the pandemic (N= 17464). A subsample completed both (N=6461). We applied twin models to investigate changes in the genetic architecture due to the pandemic.Around 15-20% of the sample was negatively affected by the pandemic, but the majority was stable (64-68%) or increased (15%) in optimism and meaning in life. Especially women, higher educated people, and people with poorer health experienced negative effects. Twin modelling indicated stable genetic variance and increasing person-specific environmental variance. The lower than unity genetic correlations across time (.75 and .63) suggest gene-environment interactions.Some people decrease in well-being, while others get more optimistic and consider their lives as more meaningful during the pandemic. These differences are partly explained by individual differences in genetic sensitivity.

scholarly journals A genetic perspective on the relationship between eudaimonic –and hedonic well-being

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.M.L. Baselmans ◽  
M. Bartels
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Molecular Genetic Data ◽  
Genetic Overlap

AbstractWhether hedonism or eudaimonism are two distinguishable forms of well-being is a topic of ongoing debate. To shed light on the relation between the two, large-scale available molecular genetic data were leveraged to gain more insight into the genetic architecture of the overlap between hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Hence, we conducted the first genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of eudaimonic well-being (N = ∼108K) and linked it to a GWAS of hedonic well-being (N = ∼ 222K). We identified the first two genome-wide significant independent loci for eudaimonic well-being and 6 independent loci for hedonic well-being. Joint analyses revealed a moderate phenotypic correlation (r = 0.53), but a high genetic correlation (rg = 0.78) between eudaimonic and hedonic well-being. For both traits we identified enrichment in the frontal cortex -and cingulate cortex as well as the cerebellum to be top ranked. Bi-directional Mendelian Randomization analyses using two-sample MR indicated some evidence for a causal relationship from hedonic well-being to eudaimonic well-being whereas no evidence was found for the reverse. Additionally, genetic correlations patterns with a range of positive and negative related phenotypes were largely similar for hedonic –and eudaimonic well-being. Our results reveal a large genetic overlap between hedonism and eudaimonism.

scholarly journals Realized Sampling Variances of Estimates of Genetic Parameters and the Difference Between Genetic and Phenotypic Correlations

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
pp. 1409-1416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R Koots ◽  
John P Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Parameter Estimates ◽  
Sampling Variance ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Genetic And Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Heritability Estimates

Abstract A data set of 1572 heritability estimates and 1015 pairs of genetic and phenotypic correlation estimates, constructed from a survey of published beef cattle genetic parameter estimates, provided a rare opportunity to study realized sampling variances of genetic parameter estimates. The distribution of both heritability estimates and genetic correlation estimates, when plotted against estimated accuracy, was consistent with random error variance being some three times the sampling variance predicted from standard formulae. This result was consistent with the observation that the variance of estimates of heritabilities and genetic correlations between populations were about four times the predicted sampling variance, suggesting few real differences in genetic parameters between populations. Except where there was a strong biological or statistical expectation of a difference, there was little evidence for differences between genetic and phenotypic correlations for most trait combinations or for differences in genetic correlations between populations. These results suggest that, even for controlled populations, estimating genetic parameters specific to a given population is less useful than commonly believed. A serendipitous discovery was that, in the standard formula for theoretical standard error of a genetic correlation estimate, the heritabilities refer to the estimated values and not, as seems generally assumed, the true population values.

scholarly journals Relationship between Temperament and Stage of Lactation, Productivity and Milk Composition of Dairy Cows

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1840
Author(s):  
Ramūnas Antanaitis ◽  
Vida Juozaitienė ◽  
Vesta Jonike ◽  
Vytenis Čukauskas ◽  
Danguolė Urbšienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Milk Performance

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between temperament and milk performance in cows at different stages of lactation, describing their productivity, metabolic status and resistance to mastitis. This study showed that with increasing lactation, cows’ temperament indicators decreased (p < 0.001) and they became calmer. The highest temperament score on a five-point scale was found in cows between 45 and 100 days of lactation. In the group of pregnant cows, we found more cows (p = 0.005) with a temperament score of 1–2 compared with non-pregnant cows A normal temperament was usually detected in cows with lactose levels in milk of 4.60% or more and when the somatic cell count (SCC) values in cow milk were <100,000/mL and 100,000–200,000/mL, with a milk fat-to-protein ratio of 1.2. A larger number of more sensitive and highly aggressive cows was detected at a low milk urea level. In contrast to a positive phenotypic correlation (p < 0.05), this study showed a negative genetic correlation between the temperament of cows and milk yield (p < 0.001). Positive genetic correlations between temperament scores and milk somatic cells (p < 0.001) and milk fat-to-protein ratio (p < 0.05) were found to indicate a lower genetic predisposition in cows with a calmer temperament to subclinical mastitis and ketosis. On the other hand, the heritability of temperament (h2 = 0.044–0.100) showed that only a small part of the phenotypic changes in this indicator is associated with genetic factors.

Predicting Physical Activity and Lifelong Health Through Personal Control and Educational Attainment

2021 ◽  
pp. 003151252110292
Author(s):  
Jinyi Zhou ◽  
Xuesong Ding ◽  
Yuefan Zhai ◽  
Qing Yi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Proposed Model

Prior studies have shown that physical activity (PA) is strongly associated with lifelong health and well-being. Thus, analyses of relationships among individual differences, PA, education, and health may provide important insights into the sustainability of PA-related personal development efforts. In this longitudinal study, we tested a proposed model in a data set of 12,686 participants from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY 79). We used hierarchical regressions and bootstrapping to test hypotheses concerning the main effect of personal control on lifetime health, the mediating effect of PA, and the moderating effect of educational achievement. We found that individuals’ self-reported PA was positively related to their health status. Additionally, there was a positive mediating effect of self-reported PA on the relationship between personal control and health when the individual’s educational level was high, and there was a negative mediating effect of self-reported PA when an individual’s educational level was low. Based on these results, we provide relevant government policy suggestions for increasing fitness participation, constructing sports facilities, and encouraging educational institutions to include health education in their efforts.

Psychological factors as the risk factor of mouth ulcers: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study

2021 ◽  
pp. 135910532199969
Author(s):  
Yueqi Shi ◽  
Shaoyi Wang ◽  
Shunying Yu ◽  
Guan Ning Lin ◽  
Weichen Song
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Oral Care ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Summary Statistics ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Psychological Traits

To examine whether psychological traits (PT) had causal effects on Mouth Ulcers (MU), we applied two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to genetics association summary statistics of eleven PT and MU. After the adjustment of outlier variants, genetic correlations and multiple testing, well-being (WB) spectrum PT like life satisfactory (odds ratio [OR] = 0.638 per one standard deviation increment of PT score) had protective effects on MU. Reverse WB traits like neuroticism (OR = 1.60) increased the risk of MU. The lack of well-being characteristics may increase the risk of MU, which highlighted the value of preventive oral care for people who have a reverse mental condition.

HERITABILITIES AND GENETIC CORRELATIONS FOR ULTRASONIC BACKFAT MEASUREMENTS, GROWTH AND CARCASS TRAITS IN SWINE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. JEFFRIES ◽  
R. G. PETERSON
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Ultrasonic Measurements ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Season Interaction

Genetic parameters were estimated for 2403 purebred Yorkshire pigs over a 2-yr period, representing 21 sires. The traits studied included average daily gain, age adjusted to 90 kg, ultrasonic measurements of backfat at the mid-back and loin positions, total and adjusted total ultrasonic backfat and corresponding carcass backfat measurements. Least squares analyses were used to estimate and adjust for the effects of sex, year-season and sex by year-season interaction. Heritabilities and genetic correlations were calculated for all traits using both half- and full-sib estimates. Adjusted age and adjusted total ultrasonic backfat measurements were found to have the highest heritabilities of the live traits in this study. Estimates of heritability for adjusted age and adjusted total ultrasonic backfat were 0.24 ± 0.10 and 0.26 ± 0.10 based on half-sib and 0.56 ± 0.07 and 0.41 ± 0.06 from full-sib analyses. The genetic correlation between these two traits was −0.07 ± 0.28 based on the half-sib method. The total phenotypic correlation was −0.01 ± 0.02. Key words: Swine, ultrasonic backfat, heritabilities, genetic correlations

scholarly journals The first insight into the genetic structure of the population of modern Serbia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara Drljaca ◽  
Branka Zukic ◽  
Vladimir Kovacevic ◽  
Branislava Gemovic ◽  
Kristel Klaassen-Ljubicic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Traits ◽  
Genomic Medicine ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Well Being ◽  
European Population ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Insight Into

ABSTRACTThe complete understanding of the genomic contribution to complex traits, diseases, and response to treatments, as well as genomic medicine application to the well-being of all humans will be achieved through the global variome that encompasses fine-scale genetic diversity. Despite significant efforts in recent years, uneven representation still characterizes genomic resources and among the underrepresented European populations are the Western Balkans including the Serbian population. Our research addresses this gap and presents the first ever dataset of variants in clinically relevant genes in the population sample of contemporary Serbia. A few variants significantly more frequent in the analyzed sample population compared to the European population as a whole are distinguished as its unique genetic determinants. We explored thoroughly their potential functional impact and its correlation with the health burden of the population of Serbia. Our variant’s catalogue improves the understanding of genetics of modern Serbia, contributes to application of precision medicine and health equity. In addition, this resource may also be applicable in neighboring regions and in worldwide functional analyses of genetic variants in individuals of European descent.

scholarly journals Genetic correlations and path-coefficient analysis of yield and quality components in wheat, Triticum aestivum L.

Genetika ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veselinka Zecevic ◽  
Desimir Knezevic ◽  
Danica Micanovic
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Correlation ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Spike Length ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Path Coefficient Analysis ◽  
Bread Making

The genetic and phenotypic correlations between yield components (productive tillering, plant height, spike length, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, grain weight per spike, grain weight per plant, harvest index, thousand grain weight) and quality components (grain protein content and sedimentation value) were investigated. The plant material was comprised of 50 genotypes of winter wheat grown during two years. Path- coefficient analysis of genetic correlation coefficients for grain mass/plant and other traits determined interrelationships among grain mass per plant and other yield and bread making quality components. The strongest positive genetic correlation was found between grain weight per spike and thousand grain weight and between spike length and number of spikelets per spike. Phenotypic correlation analysis indicated that grain weight per spike correlated positively and significantly with harvest index and thousand kernel weight. The strongest direct effect on grain weight per plant had harvest index and number of spikelets per spike. The spike length through number of spikelets per spike had the strongest indirect effect on grain weight per plant.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document