scholarly journals Non-linear physiological responses to climate change: the case of Ceratitis capitata distribution and abundance in Europe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianni Gilioli ◽  
Giorgio Sperandio ◽  
Michele Colturato ◽  
Sara Pasquali ◽  
Paola Gervasio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Modelling Framework ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Climatic Scenarios

AbstractUnderstanding how climate change might influence the distribution and abundance of crop pests is fundamental for the development and the implementation of pest management strategies. Here we present and apply a modelling framework assessing the non-linear physiological responses of the life-history strategies of the Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata, Wiedemann) to temperature. The model is used to explore how climate change might influence the distribution and abundance of this pest in Europe. We estimated the change in the distribution, abundance and activity of this species under current (year 2020) and future (years 2030 and 2050) climatic scenarios. The effects of climate change on the distribution, abundance and activity of C. capitata are heterogeneous both in time and in space. A northward expansion of the species, an increase in the altitudinal limit marking the presence of the species, and an overall increase in population abundance is expected in areas that might become more suitable under a changing climate. On the contrary, stable or reduced population abundances can be expected in areas where climate change leads to equally suitable or less suitable conditions. This heterogeneity reflects the contribution of both spatial variability in the predicted climatic patterns and non-linearity in the responses of the species’ life-history strategies to temperature.

scholarly journals Blue Tansy Essential Oil: Chemical Composition, Repellent Activity Against Aedes aegypti and Attractant Activity for Ceratitis capitata

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2199019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Stappen ◽  
Juergen Wanner ◽  
Nurhayat Tabanca ◽  
Ulrich R. Bernier ◽  
Paul E. Kendra
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ceratitis Capitata ◽  
Stationary Phases ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Tea Tree ◽  
Potential Applications

Blue tansy essential oil (BTEO) ( Tanacetum annuum L.) was analyzed by GC-MS and GC-FID using two different capillary column stationary phases. Sabinene (14.0%), camphor (13.6%), myrcene (8.0%), β-pinene (7.7%), and chamazulene (6.9%) were the main components using an SE52 column (non-polar). On a polar CW20M phase column, sabinene (15.1%), camphor (14.4%), α-phellandrene (7.9%), β-pinene (7.7%), and myrcene (6.9%) were the most abundant compounds. To assess the oil for potential applications in integrated pest management strategies, behavioral bioassays were conducted to test for repellency against yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti, and for attractant activity for Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata. Results showed that BTEO was not effective in repelling Ae. aegypti (minimum effective dosage [MED]: 0.625 ± 0.109 mg/cm2 compared with the standard insect repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide). In assays with male C. capitata, BTEO displayed mild attraction compared with two positive controls (essential oils from tea tree Melaleuca alternifolia and African ginger bush Tetradenia riparia). Additional studies are needed to identify the specific attractant chemicals in BTEO and to determine if they confer a synergistic effect when combined with other known attractants for C. capitata. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first investigation of BTEO for repellency against the mosquito vector Ae. aegypti and for attractancy to C. capitata, a major agricultural pest worldwide.

scholarly journals Contrasting effects of climate change on seasonal survival of a hibernating mammal

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (30) ◽  
pp. 18119-18126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line S. Cordes ◽  
Daniel T. Blumstein ◽  
Kenneth B. Armitage ◽  
Paul J. CaraDonna ◽  
Dylan Z. Childs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Environmental Drivers ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Colorado Rocky Mountains

Seasonal environmental conditions shape the behavior and life history of virtually all organisms. Climate change is modifying these seasonal environmental conditions, which threatens to disrupt population dynamics. It is conceivable that climatic changes may be beneficial in one season but result in detrimental conditions in another because life-history strategies vary between these time periods. We analyzed the temporal trends in seasonal survival of yellow-bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) and explored the environmental drivers using a 40-y dataset from the Colorado Rocky Mountains (USA). Trends in survival revealed divergent seasonal patterns, which were similar across age-classes. Marmot survival declined during winter but generally increased during summer. Interestingly, different environmental factors appeared to drive survival trends across age-classes. Winter survival was largely driven by conditions during the preceding summer and the effect of continued climate change was likely to be mainly negative, whereas the likely outcome of continued climate change on summer survival was generally positive. This study illustrates that seasonal demographic responses need disentangling to accurately forecast the impacts of climate change on animal population dynamics.

Behavioral, plastic, and evolutionary responses to a changing world

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolf U. Blanckenhorn
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Change ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Temporal Scales ◽  
Evolutionary Response ◽  
Physiological Adjustments ◽  
Changing World

Organisms can respond to environmental change by modifying their behavior to obtain an instant response, through short-term phenotypically plastic, often physiological, adjustments, and/or by adapting their life history through a more long-term evolutionary response. Behavioural and physiological responses, in fact, can occur at all these three temporal scales. Examples of behaviors so affected include congregation, dispersal, foraging, migration, or mating. Such responses have consequences at the population and community levels, and ultimately for the evolution of species. This chapter discusses insect examples of these kinds, with an emphasis on human-induced factors, such as (primarily) climate change, pollution, fragmentation, and urbanization.

scholarly journals Maturation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, Salmonidae): a synthesis of ecological, genetic, and molecular processes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenyon B. Mobley ◽  
Tutku Aykanat ◽  
Yann Czorlich ◽  
Andrew House ◽  
Johanna Kurko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Life History Stages ◽  
Current State ◽  
Genomic Studies ◽  
Diversity Of Life

AbstractOver the past decades, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, Salmonidae) has emerged as a model system for sexual maturation research, owing to the high diversity of life history strategies, knowledge of trait genetic architecture, and their high economic value. The aim of this synthesis is to summarize the current state of knowledge concerning maturation in Atlantic salmon, outline knowledge gaps, and provide a roadmap for future work. We summarize the current state of knowledge: 1) maturation in Atlantic salmon takes place over the entire life cycle, starting as early as embryo development, 2) variation in the timing of maturation promotes diversity in life history strategies, 3) ecological and genetic factors influence maturation, 4) maturation processes are sex-specific and may have fitness consequences for each sex, 5) genomic studies have identified large-effect loci that influence maturation, 6) the brain-pituitary–gonadal axis regulates molecular and physiological processes of maturation, 7) maturation is a key component of fisheries, aquaculture, conservation, and management, and 8) climate change, fishing pressure, and other anthropogenic stressors likely have major effects on salmon maturation. In the future, maturation research should focus on a broader diversity of life history stages, including early embryonic development, the marine phase and return migration. We recommend studies combining ecological and genetic approaches will help disentangle the relative contributions of effects in different life history stages to maturation. Functional validation of large-effect loci should reveal how these genes influence maturation. Finally, continued research in maturation will improve our predictions concerning how salmon may adapt to fisheries, climate change, and other future challenges.

scholarly journals A 40-year Evaluation of Drivers of African Rainforest Change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin Chapman ◽  
Carmen Galán-Acedo ◽  
Jan F. Gogarten ◽  
Rong Hou ◽  
Michael J. Lawes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Life History ◽  
Forest Dynamics ◽  
Stand Structure ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Tree Community ◽  
Foraging Preferences

Abstract Background: Tropical forests are repositories of much of the world’s biodiversity and are critical for mitigation of climate change. Yet, the drivers of forest dynamics are poorly understood. This is in large part due to the lack of longitudinal data on forest change and changes in drivers.Methodology: We quantify changes in tree abundance, diversity, and stand structure along transects first enumerated in 1978 and resampled 2019 in Kibale National Park, Uganda. We tested five predictions. First, based on the purported role of seed dispersal and herbivory and our quantification of changes in the abundance of frugivores and herbivores, we tested two predictions of how faunal change could have influenced forest composition. Second, based on an evaluation of life history strategies, we tested two predictions concerning how the forest could have changed following disturbance that happened prior to written history. Finally, based on a 50-year climate record, we test the possible influence of climate change on forest dynamics. Results: More trees were present on the assessed transects in 2019 (508) than in 1978 (436), species richness remained similar, but diversity declined as the number of dominant species increased. Rainfall increased by only 3 mm over the 50 years but this effect was not significant. Annual average monthly maximum temperature increased significantly by 2.2°C over 50 years. The abundance of frugivorous and folivorous primates and elephants increased over the 50 years of monitoring. The predictions that as the abundance of seed dispersing frugivores increases the abundance of their preferred fruiting tree species would increases and that as the abundance of folivorous would cause a decline in their preferred species were both not supported. Since Kibale was disturbed prior to historical records, we predicted that light-demanding species would decrease in abundance, while shade-tolerant species would increase - this was supported. Finally, while temperature increased over the 50 years, we found no means to predict a priori how individual species would respond.Conclusions: Our study revealed subtle changes in the tree community over 40 years, sizable increases in primate numbers, a substantial increase in the elephant population and an increase in local temperature. Yet, a clear picture of what set of interactions impact the change in the tree community remains elusive. Our data on tree life-history strategies and frugivore/herbivore foraging preferences suggest that trees species are under opposing pressures.

scholarly journals Life history, dormancy regulation, reproductive physiology and basic behaviour of the subtropical fruit fly Rhagoletotrypeta pastranai (Diptera:Tephritidae)

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
A. Moyano ◽  
S. Abraham ◽  
S. Ovruski ◽  
G. Van Nieuwenhove ◽  
J. Rull
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Mating Behaviour ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Unknown Species ◽  
Evolution Of Life ◽  
Subtropical Fruit ◽  
Subtropical Species

Abstract With the purpose of broadening knowledge on the evolution of life history strategies and behaviour of fruit flies within the tribe Carpomyini, the natural history and mating behaviour of the poorly known species Rhagoletotrypeta pastranai Aczél, are described for the first time. Larvae of R. pastranai were recovered from infested Celtis tala Gillies ex Planch and Celtis iguanaea (Jacq.) Sarg. during a 2-month fruiting period. Adults emerged from the recovered pupae after an average of 144.9 ± 3.9 days for females and 143.2 ± 3.38 days for males, suggesting that most individuals became dormant. Results of a variable winter length study suggested that environmental factors other than winter length may regulate dormancy/diapause duration in this subtropical species. Under laboratory conditions, R. pastranai adults lived an average of 51.13 ± 3.06 days in case of females and 48.08 ± 3.76 days in case of males, and required 5–15 days to reach sexual maturity. Behavioural observations under confinement revealed scarce sexual activity but sufficed to determine that, as in other members of the tribe Carpomyini, R. pastranai exhibits a male resource defence mating system. We discuss our findings emphasizing the importance of documenting the natural history and behaviour of unknown species of family Tephritidae and additionally, we highlight the necessity of future research to understand factors regulating dormancy/diapause and the evolution of life history strategies and sexual behaviour of subtropical species.

scholarly journals On the ecology and distribution of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in California’s Eel River

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha H. Kannry ◽  
Sean M. O’Rourke ◽  
Suzanne J Kelson ◽  
Michael R Miller
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Life History Strategies ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Life History Variation ◽  
Eel River ◽  
Phenotypic Complexity ◽  
Run Timing

AbstractPreservation of life-history and other phenotypic complexity is central to the resilience of Pacific salmon stocks. Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) express a diversity of life history strategies such as the propensity to migrate (anadromy/residency) and the timing and state of maturation upon return to freshwater (run-timing), providing an opportunity to study adaptive phenotypic complexity. Historically, the Eel River supported upwards of one million salmon and steelhead, but the past century has seen dramatic declines of all salmonids in the watershed. Here we investigate life history variation in Eel River steelhead by using Rapture sequencing, on thousands of individuals, to genotype the region diagnostic for run-timing (GREB1L) and the region strongly associated with residency/anadromy (OMY5) in the Eel River and other locations, as well as determine patterns of overall genetic differentiation. Our results provide insight into many conservation related issues. For example, we found distinct segregation between winter and summer-run steelhead correlated with flow dependent barriers in major forks of the Eel; that summer-run steelhead inhabited the upper Eel prior to construction of an impassable dam, and that both life-history and overall genetic diversity have been maintained in the resident trout population above; and no evidence of the summer-run allele in the South Fork Eel, indicating that summer run-timing cannot be expected to arise from standing genetic variation in this and other populations that lack the summer-run phenotype. The results presented in this study provide valuable information for designing future restoration and management strategies for O. mykiss in Northern California and beyond.

scholarly journals Predicting impact of climate change on habitat suitability of guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta (Bezzi) using MaxEnt modeling in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
JAIPAL S. CHOUDHARY ◽  
MADHUMITA KUMARI ◽  
SANTOSH S. MALI ◽  
MAHESH K. DHAKAR ◽  
BIKASH DAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Impact Of Climate Change ◽  
Guava Fruit ◽  
Bactrocera Correcta ◽  
Maxent Modeling

Maximum entropy (MaxEnt) modeling was used to predict impact of climate change on habitat suitability of guava fruit fly, Bactrocera correcta in India. It is a polyphagus pest on a wide variety of fruit crops. Future prediction of potential habitat of B.correcta was done for the year 2050 and 2070 with RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5 climate scenarios. The model preformed better than random with an average test AUC value of 0.75 of 100 replicate tests run. Under the present and future climatic conditions, the model predicted high habitat suitable category for B. correcta in the areas of south-western coastal (Kerala, Karnataka, Tamilnadu, Maharashtra and Gujarat) part of India by 2050 and 2070. Presently absolute unsuitable areas of Indian sub-continent are projected to be slightly suitable for B. correcta by 2070 due to increase in temperature coupled with decrease in cold stress. The predictive modeling approach presented here provides an outline for future risk of B.correcta in India under climate change scenarios, which can be used for its better management strategies.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document