scholarly journals Do Evaluative Pressures and Group Identification Cultivate Competitive Orientations and Cynical Attitudes Among Academics?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Ethical Climate ◽  
Group Identification ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Performance Measurements ◽  
Academic Leaders ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Environment Control ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One

AbstractThis article theorizes and analyzes how two aspects of the increasing accountingization of academia in the form of evaluative pressures and group identification, independently and interactively, work to cultivate academics’ self-interest for their social interactions with the scientific community, forming them to adopt more competitive orientations and cynical attitudes. Using data of a large number of faculty members from the 17 universities in Sweden, it is shown that evaluative pressures and group identification perceived by academics jointly reinforce each other (interact) in affecting their competitive orientation, and that group identification strengthens (moderates) the positive relation between evaluative pressures and academics’ rivalry notions and cynical attitudes. It is shown, contributing further to research on performance evaluation and the cultivation of self-interest and an egoistic ethical climate in academia, that it is evaluative pressures from peers rather than from performance measurements that are the major driver of an individual’s competitive (less cooperative) orientation and cynical attitudes. It is also concluded that while evaluative pressures are related to an increase in academics' competitive orientations, which may be viewed as an intended effect from control designers in universities, such an orientation is inversely related to cooperativeness and openness toward others and goes hand in hand with an increase in having cynical attitudes about peers and the work environment. Control designers in universities may thus not be able to have the one without the other, something that raises ethical concerns for academic leaders to reflect upon when aiming at cultivating self-interest orientations of academics.

Emotional Intelligence and Personal Demographic Profile in the Education System of India

2020 ◽  
pp. 097215092094298
Author(s):  
Mubashir Majid Baba
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Academic Leaders ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
The Impact

Academic leaders need to recognize their own emotions and know the feelings of those around them. Academic leaders are more effective when they pay attention to their social interactions with others in the workplace and the impact they as leaders have on those around them. It is also essential for leaders to recognize the influence that others’ emotions have on them. The purpose of this article is to examine the perception of faculty members towards emotional intelligence (EI) of their academic leaders in the sample select universities, and to study the impact of demographic variables on EI. The data collected were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The data for the study were collected through both the primary and secondary sources. The measuring items used for the study were sourced from existing validated scales and literature. Descriptive statistics was employed to know the descriptive information across various demographic variables on a total sample of 719. The various demographic variables, which were considered for the study, were gender, age and experience. The results revealed that the faculty members of the sample select universities perceived the EI of their academic leaders at an above-average level; presently, they are fairly satisfied with their academic leader’s EI. The results also revealed that the perception of the respondent faculty members towards their HOD’s EI from different universities and states is more or less the same and also the demographic variables have a significant impact on EI. Besides having theoretical implications that open pathways for conducting further research, the findings of the study may serve as a reference for service practitioners in designing strategies that will ensure superior performance of academic leaders in higher educational institutions.

scholarly journals Electoral Incentives and the Allocation of Public Funds

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederico Finan ◽  
Maurizio Mazzocco
Keyword(s):  
Electoral System ◽  
Policy Reforms ◽  
Public Funds ◽  
Term Limit ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Projects ◽  
Electoral Incentives ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Politicians allocate public resources in ways that maximize political gains, and potentially at the cost of lower welfare. In this paper, we quantify these welfare costs in the context of Brazil’s federal legislature, which grants its members a budget to fund public projects within their states. Using data from the state of Roraima, we estimate a model of politicians’ allocation decisions and find that 26.8% of the public funds allocated by legislators are distorted relative to a social planner’s allocation. We then use the model to simulate three potential policy reforms to the electoral system: the adoption of approval voting, imposing a one-term limit, and redistricting. We find that a one-term limit and redistricting are both effective at reducing distortions. The one-term limit policy, however, increases corruption, which makes it a welfare-reducing policy.

Academic Harassment: Sex and Denial in Scholarly Garb

1988 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 329-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise F. Fitzgerald ◽  
Lauren M. Weitzman ◽  
Yael Gold ◽  
Mimi Ormerod
Keyword(s):  
Women Students ◽  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
University Students ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Sexual Interaction ◽  
Sexual Involvement ◽  
Male Faculty

Although much has been written concerning the sexual harassment of university students, no research has yet directly examined the behaviors of university professors themselves. The present study describes the responses of 235 male faculty members of a prestigious, research-oriented university who responded to a survey inquiring about social and sexual interaction among faculty and students. Although the majority of the responses focused on mentoring and social interactions, a sizable minority (26%) reported sexual involvement with women students. In addition to item frequencies, a structural analysis of the phenomenon of academic harassment is presented, and discussed in the context of the subjects' responses to an open-ended invitation to comment on the study.

Cycles in symbol production? A new model to explain concentration, diversity and innovation in the music industry

Popular Music ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Christianen
Keyword(s):  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Music Industry ◽  
The Other ◽  
Recording Industry ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
New Model ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The One

With the publication of the article ‘Cycles in symbol production’ (Peterson and Berger 1975) a discussion started concerning the advantages and disadvantages of the production of cultural goods under market conditions. The analysis by Peterson and Berger showed a negative correlation between concentration in the recording industry, on the one hand, and the diversity and innovativeness of the music, on the other. Repetition of the analysis using data from the 1980s (Burnett 1990; Lopes 1992) has shown that for this period Peterson and Berger's hypotheses should be rejected. Is there a connection between concentration and diversity and innovation? Are there cycles in symbol production? There seems to be no conclusive answer. In this article, I will attempt to clear up this matter. First, I will repeat the analysis of the relation between concentration and diversity/innovation, using the same model as Peterson and Berger, but with different definitions for the variables concentration, diversity and innovation. Then I will suggest a new model, which can be helpful in uncovering other factors influencing diversity and innovation in the music industry. I will come to that later. Let me first give the reader a brief overview of previous research.

“If I have to clean, I clean my own shop”: Migrant entrepreneurship as a form of emplacement in times of crisis: The example of Italy

Ethnicities ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Lintner
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Opportunity Structures ◽  
Immigration Laws ◽  
Migrant Entrepreneurship ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
The One

This article analyses the relation between European economic crisis and immigration. It does so by analysing the establishment of migrants’ entrepreneurship activities in Italy, and by looking at how these activities unravel subjects’ agency in confronting constraining socioeconomic conditions and restrictive immigration laws. In this perspective, entrepreneurship should be understood as a possibility for transforming a person’s own incorporated cultural capital into a resource and, consequently, into an opportunity for self-created work performance. Interpreting entrepreneurship as a personal response of migrants to the economic recession offers a new perspective in the existing literature on migrant entrepreneurship. Crisis, in this paper, is not seen as an abstract and supernatural phenomenon leading and controlling the capacity of individuals to act, but is understood as a constructed set of meanings comprising social interactions and relationships and consolidated within public discourses. This study is based on a qualitative-explorative research approach and was carried out in South Tyrol, Italy. For the data collection, different qualitative methods were used: narrative interviews, informal discussions and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis was based on the coding processes described within the Grounded Theory. As the results show, crisis as such represents, on the one hand, a critical moment of transition or transformation of normality and the constituted ways of acting and thinking and, on the other hand, it is perceived as a new opportunity to change individual behaviour and to initiate innovative counter-strategies that will maintain a person’s capacity to act even in critical personal and structural situations. Nevertheless, showing resilience, which is powerful and leads to change, depends not only on personal motivational forces but also to given opportunity structures.

scholarly journals M-Learning in Higher Education: Exploring the Gender Based Faculty Performance of Business Schools in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-210
Author(s):  
Salman Manzoor ◽  
Samiullah Sarwar ◽  
Muhammad Asim
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Learning ◽  
Academic Dishonesty ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Academic Leaders ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Regular Classes

This study aims to observe the influence of inclusion of mobile learning in Business Schools on students’ performance and gender based faculty members’ performance in business schools in Karachi, Pakistan. The functions offered in mobile phones include the access to information of real-time, medium of communication, and host of affordances. Nevertheless, along with the opportunities and incentives the mobile devices carry opportunities for students to involve in academic dishonesty, deviation and distraction from the assigned tasks. By employing quantitative research method, this study tends to conduct an experiment to explore if faculty members in business schools perform differently based on their different genders with the inclusion of mobile learning. The result of the study reveals no difference between the performance of male and female faculty members with the inclusion of mobile learning by implementing the Google Class into their regular classes. Therefore, this study recommends the academic leaders, curriculum designers, and educationists in the field of business education to pay attention on the inclusion of mobile learning, as it is equally beneficial to students and faculty members regardless of their different genders.

scholarly journals How to Predict Seawater Temperature for Sustainable Marine Aquaculture (Student Abstract)

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 13887-13888
Author(s):  
Masahito Okuno ◽  
Takanobu Otsuka
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Prediction Method ◽  
Accurate Prediction ◽  
Average Error ◽  
Marine Aquaculture ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Environment Control ◽  
Marine Products ◽  
Using Data

The increasing global demand for marine products has turned attention to marine aquaculture. In marine aquaculture, appropriate environment control is important for a stable supply. The influence of seawater temperature on this environment is significant and accurate prediction is therefore required. In this paper, we propose and describe the implementation of a seawater prediction method using data acquired from real aquaculture areas and neural networks. Our evaluation experiment showed that hourly next-day prediction has an average error of about 0.2 to 0.4 ◦C and daily prediction of up to one week has an average error of about 0.2 to 0.5 ◦C. This is enough to meet actual worker need, which is within 1 ◦C error, thus confirming that our seawater prediction method is suitable for actual sites.

scholarly journals The Moral Economy of Thrift: The Production of the Indebted Self in the Reality Series Getting out of Debt and Life or Debt

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 485-500
Author(s):  
Silke Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Moral Economy ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Cultural Productions ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Moral Economies ◽  
Tv Shows ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Tv Show

In this article, the intersection of the economic and social dimensions of thrift is analysed under the special condition of debt. The debt context serves as a focal glass exposing agents, their social practices and strategies of accumulation capitals with regard to appropriate spending. In order to capture the many layers of thrift, the concept of moral economies is applied. This concept tries to reconcile two seemingly divergent dimensions of human behaviour which can be described as individualistic, calculating and serving a self-interest (economy) on the one hand and community-oriented and benefitting a common good (morality) on the other hand. Starting out with an overview over studies on moral economies in historical and social science since the early 1970s, I will explain the heuristic use of the concept for the case of debts research and apply it to representations of thrift as visualised and popularised in the reality TV shows Raus aus den Schulden (Getting Out of Debt) and Life or Debt. Here, the images of homes are clues for the cultural productions of appropriateness on TV: What are suitable ways of living when in debt? What are adequate scenes of dwelling and narratives of dealing with debts and which normative structures regulate those stories, the perception of the self and potential social exclusion? By examining the TV show as a strong voice in the debt discourse, thrift turns out to be a cornerstone in the internal and external regimes of governing debt in the micropolitics of TV.

scholarly journals The Degree of Academic Leaders’ Practice of Excellence Management in Jordanian Public and Private Universities from the Faculty Members' Viewpoint

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 201
Author(s):  
Rawan Khader Abu Shakra
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Academic Rank ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Academic Leaders ◽  
Study Population

This study aimed to identify the degree of academic leaders’ practice of excellence management in public and private Jordanian universities (Yarmouk University, University of Science and Technology, Al Al-Bayt University, Irbid National University, Jadara University, and Jerash University) from the faculty members’ viewpoint. The descriptive survey method was adopted and to achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was built to measure the degree of practicing excellence management consisting of (32) items distributed into (4) areas: leadership (10) items, policies, and strategies (5) items, human resources (5) items, and partnerships and resources (12) items. The study population consisted of all the (2077) faculty members in the Jordanian public and private universities in the first semester of the academic year 2020/2021. Where the study sample consisted of (405) academics who constitute (19%) of the study population. and were selected by a random stratified method. The results showed that the overall degree of academic leaders' practicing of excellence management in the public and private Jordanian universities was moderate, and the order of the areas on the scale was respectively as follows; Partnerships and Resources, leadership, Policies and strategies, and human resources, and that all of these areas came at a moderate degree. The results also showed that there were statistically significant differences at the level of statistical significance (α = 0.05) between the estimates of respondents in all areas (leadership, policies and strategies, human resources, partnerships, and resources) attributable to the difference in; the gender variable in favor of males, academic rank in favor of the professor, and the type of university in favor of public universities. Regarding these results, the researcher recommends giving more attention to the Department of Excellence, especially in the field of leadership, as well as the inclusion of Excellence Management as a basic criterion of performance quality standards in Jordanian public and private universities.

scholarly journals RELEVANSI HUKUM DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA DENGAN AGENDA REFORMASI: DIMENSI NASIONAL DAN INTERNASIONAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 350
Author(s):  
Ismail Marzuki ◽  
Faridy Faridy
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Recognition Respect ◽  
Protection Of Human Rights ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

In life, humans certainly cannot be separated from their social interactions with others. Friction between individuals or between nations is something that is inevitable. That is because the understanding of the legal system and culture of a different society. The difference in opinion certainly needs to be harmonized by not locking up the meeting room of everyone's expression. From here, the existence of legal rules/norms on the one hand becomes important in people's lives. On the other hand, the recognition, respect and protection of human rights are also important to be accommodated. Therefore, this article examines the law as a means of maintaining social order, and human rights as a set of rights that describe the existence of human freedom in expressing their actions, and how relevant they are to the reform agenda, namely enforcing the law against violators of human rights seriously, both in national and international.

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