scholarly journals The physicochemical effect of sugar alcohol plasticisers on oxidised nanocellulose gels and extruded filaments

Cellulose ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 7829-7843
Author(s):  
Marcus A. Johns ◽  
Rinat Nigmatullin ◽  
Emily D. Cranston ◽  
Stephen J. Eichhorn
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Wet Spinning ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Cationic Polymers ◽  
High Tensile Strength ◽  
Sugar Alcohols ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
Extrusion Processing ◽  
Physicochemical Effect

AbstractOxidised nanocelluloses have previously shown promise for the production of extruded filaments with high tensile strength properties. However, they also exhibit poor wet strength due to swelling upon immersion in water. This has resulted in the use of chemical cross-linkers, or co-extrusion with multivalent cations, or cationic polymers, to inhibit this. Here, we report on the effect of incorporating sugar alcohols (glycerol, sorbitol and maltitol) in an oxidised nanocellulose gel before extrusion. Whilst their presence weakens the initial gel, they enable the continuous wet spinning of filaments that are stable in aqueous media without the need for post extrusion processing. We conclude that the relative hydrophilicity of the sugar alcohol and its ability to protonate surface carboxyl groups upon drying are key parameters regarding the physicochemical effects observed.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota Prevents Sugar Alcohol-Induced Diarrhea

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 2029
Author(s):  
Kouya Hattori ◽  
Masahiro Akiyama ◽  
Natsumi Seki ◽  
Kyosuke Yakabe ◽  
Koji Hase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Sugar Alcohols ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rdna Analysis

While poorly-absorbed sugar alcohols such as sorbitol are widely used as sweeteners, they may induce diarrhea in some individuals. However, the factors which determine an individual’s susceptibility to sugar alcohol-induced diarrhea remain unknown. Here, we show that specific gut bacteria are involved in the suppression of sorbitol-induced diarrhea. Based on 16S rDNA analysis, the abundance of Enterobacteriaceae bacteria increased in response to sorbitol consumption. We found that Escherichia coli of the family Enterobacteriaceae degraded sorbitol and suppressed sorbitol-induced diarrhea. Finally, we showed that the metabolism of sorbitol by the E. coli sugar phosphotransferase system helped suppress sorbitol-induced diarrhea. Therefore, gut microbiota prevented sugar alcohol-induced diarrhea by degrading sorbitol in the gut. The identification of the gut bacteria which respond to and degrade sugar alcohols in the intestine has implications for microbiome science, processed food science, and public health.

scholarly journals Fractional pulping of packaging board in high consistency drum pulping

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (02) ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
HEIKKI UPOLA ◽  
ARI AMMALA ◽  
MIRJA ILLIKAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
Fiber Fractions ◽  
High Consistency

A wide variety of packaging materials with different wetting rates and wet strength properties are used in old corrugated container (OCC) processing. The disintegration rates of the different grades also vary and enable the use of the fractional pulping concept where easily disintegrated material is removed at the early stages. In the present study, fractional drum pulping was studied by pulping (Pilot drum pulping) and fractionating (Tampella oscillating screen) a mixture of strong-grade kraftliner and weak-grade fluting at high consistency to determine if energy consumption could be reduced. The results showed that a 25% energy saving could be realized through fractional pulping and an even higher potential might be possible if pulping conditions are optimized. Average fiber length, fines content, and ash content in the separated fractions were analyzed. The separated short fiber fractions and long fiber fractions could be individually processed, thus decreasing the volumes in the unit processes on the OCC line.

scholarly journals Polythiophenes with Cationic Phosphonium Groups as Vectors for Imaging, siRNA Delivery, and Photodynamic Therapy

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1432
Author(s):  
Laure Lichon ◽  
Clément Kotras ◽  
Bauyrzhan Myrzakhmetov ◽  
Philippe Arnoux ◽  
Morgane Daurat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Combined Therapy ◽  
Sirna Delivery ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cationic Polymers ◽  
Intracellular Location

In this work, we exploit the versatile function of cationic phosphonium-conjugated polythiophenes to develop multifunctional platforms for imaging and combined therapy (siRNA delivery and photodynamic therapy). The photophysical properties (absorption, emission and light-induced generation of singlet oxygen) of these cationic polythiophenes were found to be sensitive to molecular weight. Upon light irradiation, low molecular weight cationic polythiophenes were able to light-sensitize surrounding oxygen into reactive oxygen species (ROS) while the highest were not due to its aggregation in aqueous media. These polymers are also fluorescent, allowing one to visualize their intracellular location through confocal microscopy. The most promising polymers were then used as vectors for siRNA delivery. Due to their cationic and amphipathic features, these polymers were found to effectively self-assemble with siRNA targeting the luciferase gene and deliver it in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells expressing luciferase, leading to 30–50% of the gene-silencing effect. In parallel, the photodynamic therapy (PDT) activity of these cationic polymers was restored after siRNA delivery, demonstrating their potential for combined PDT and gene therapy.

scholarly journals Occurrence of Sugar Alcohols Determines Boron Toxicity Symptoms of Ornamental Species

1999 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick H. Brown ◽  
Hening Hu ◽  
Warren G. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Boron Toxicity ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Sugar Alcohols ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
B Mobility ◽  
Phloem Mobility ◽  
Ornamental Species

The phloem mobility of boron (B) in plants varies dramatically among species. Variations in phloem B mobility occur as a consequence of the presence of sugar alcohols (polyols) in some species but not in others, and these differences in phloem B mobility profoundly affect the expression of B toxicity symptoms. Twenty-four species including common ornamental species varying in sugar alcohol content, were selected to test their response to B toxicity. Species that do not produce sugar alcohols exhibited previously described B toxicity symptoms that include accumulation of high concentrations of B in, and burning of, the tip and margin of old leaves. In the sugar-alcohol-producing species these symptoms were absent, and B toxicity was expressed as meristematic dieback and an accumulation of B in apical tissues. These symptoms have not previously been associated with B toxicity in these species and hence may have been frequently misdiagnosed.

scholarly journals A polyol mixture and molasses-treated beed pulp in the silage based diet of dairy cows: III The effect on the utilization of minerals

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 528-535
Author(s):  
Mikko Tuori
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Sugar Alcohols ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Apparent Absorption ◽  
Total Intake ◽  
Group I ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Fermentable Carbohydrates

The effect of sugar alcohol (polyol) mixture feeding on the utilization of Ca, Mg, Na, K and P was studied in a balance trial with 12 dairy cows. The cows were divided into 3 groups: Group I received a grain concentrate mixed with 26 % of polyoltreated beet pulp, Group II the concentrate mixed with 29 % of molasses beet pulp, and Group III only the grain concentrate. Cows were given 7—8 kg/d of concentrate, 2 kg/d of hay, and silage at almost ad lib. level. The intake of sugar alcohols was 484 g/d in Group I and total intake of sugars was 461, 736 and 435 g in Groups I, II and IIII, respectively. No polyols were secreted in the faeces, and in the urine only 0.7 % of the intake, most of which was xylitol, rhamnitol and arabinitol. Small amounts of polyols were also secreted in the urine of the molasses beet pulp group. There were no clear effects of polyol feeding on the apparent digestibility or utilization of minerals. However, the readily fermentable carbohydrates in the diet tends to increase the apparent absorption and utilization of magnesium. Secretion of potassium was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in the polyol beet pulp group than in the molasses beet pulp group.

scholarly journals Metabolic engineering of the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica PO1f for production of erythritol from glycerol

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujit Sadashiv Jagtap ◽  
Ashwini Ashok Bedekar ◽  
Vijay Singh ◽  
Yong-Su Jin ◽  
Christopher V. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Oleaginous Yeast ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Sugar Alcohols ◽  
Intracellular Metabolites ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Glycerol Utilization ◽  
Key Genes ◽  
Batch Growth

Abstract Background Sugar alcohols are widely used as low-calorie sweeteners in the food and pharmaceutical industries. They can also be transformed into platform chemicals. Yarrowia lipolytica, an oleaginous yeast, is a promising host for producing many sugar alcohols. In this work, we tested whether heterologous expression of a recently identified sugar alcohol phosphatase (PYP) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae would increase sugar alcohol production in Y. lipolytica. Results Y. lipolytica was found natively to produce erythritol, mannitol, and arabitol during growth on glucose, fructose, mannose, and glycerol. Osmotic stress is known to increase sugar alcohol production, and was found to significantly increase erythritol production during growth on glycerol. To better understand erythritol production from glycerol, since it was the most promising sugar alcohol, we measured the expression of key genes and intracellular metabolites. Osmotic stress increased the expression of several key genes in the glycerol catabolic pathway and the pentose phosphate pathway. Analysis of intracellular metabolites revealed that amino acids, sugar alcohols, and polyamines are produced at higher levels in response to osmotic stress. Heterologous overexpression of the sugar alcohol phosphatase increased erythritol production and glycerol utilization in Y. lipolytica. We further increased erythritol production by increasing the expression of native glycerol kinase (GK), and transketolase (TKL). This strain was able to produce 27.5 ± 0.7 g/L erythritol from glycerol during batch growth and 58.8 ± 1.68 g/L erythritol during fed-batch growth in shake-flasks experiments. In addition, the glycerol utilization was increased by 2.5-fold. We were also able to demonstrate that this strain efficiently produces erythritol from crude glycerol, a major byproduct of the biodiesel production. Conclusions We demonstrated the application of a promising enzyme for increasing erythritol production in Y. lipolytica. We were further able to boost production by combining the expression of this enzyme with other approaches known to increase erythritol production in Y. lipolytica. This suggest that this new enzyme provides an orthogonal route for boosting production and can be stacked with existing designs known to increase sugar alcohol production in yeast such as Y. lipolytica. Collectively, this work establishes a new route for increasing sugar alcohol production and further develops Y. lipolytica as a promising host for erythritol production from cheap substrates such as glycerol.

Effects of hydrophobic sizing on paper dry and wet-strength properties: A comparative study between AKD sizing of NBSK handsheets and rosin sizing of CTMP handsheets

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 5350-5360
Author(s):  
Antti Korpela ◽  
Aayush Kumar Jaiswal ◽  
Jaakko Asikainen
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Liquid Water ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Thermomechanical Pulp ◽  
Alkyl Ketene Dimer ◽  
Wet Strength ◽  
Softwood Pulp ◽  
Practical Experiences ◽  
Sizing Agents

Alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) and rosin sizing are used in papermaking to decrease paper’s tendency to absorb liquid water. Earlier information regarding the effects of internal sizing on paper dry strength is not consistent. In the present laboratory study, AKD sizing of handsheets made from Nordic bleached softwood pulp (NBSK), and rosin sizing of handsheets made from Nordic hardwood chemi-thermomechanical pulp (CTMP) were done via an internal sizing method, and by immersing handsheets in aqueous sizing agent dispersion. In the study, AKD sizing had no significant effect on the dry strength of NBSK handsheets. The result corresponds to practical experiences of papermakers. However, both AKD sizing methods resulted in a substantial and long-lasting increase of handsheet wet-strength. Unlike internal AKD sizing of NBSK handsheets, rosin internal sizing of CTMP handsheets resulted in decreased handsheet dry strength. The decrease indicates that, under the conditions present during the experiment, rosin sizing agents interfered with interfiber hydrogen bonding of CTMP fibers. Given that, in practice, no such undesired effects have been commonly linked to rosin sizing, the observed effect may be specific to sheet-making conditions. However, the effect of rosin sizing on strength properties and their variation cannot be ruled out completely.

scholarly journals Sugar Alcohols, Caries Incidence, and Remineralization of Caries Lesions: A Literature Review

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kauko K. Mäkinen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Sugar Alcohol ◽  
Sugar Alcohols ◽  
Enamel Defects ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Tooth Remineralization ◽  
Dentin Caries ◽  
Caries Lesions

Remineralization of minor enamel defects is a normal physiological process that is well known to clinicians and researchers in dentistry and oral biology. This process can be facilitated by various dietary and oral hygiene procedures and may also concern dentin caries lesions. Dental caries is reversible if detected and treated sufficiently early. Habitual use of xylitol, a sugar alcohol of the pentitol type, can be associated with significant reduction in caries incidence and with tooth remineralization. Other dietary polyols that can remarkably lower the incidence of caries include erythritol which is a tetritol-type alditol. Based on known molecular parameters of simple dietary alditols, it is conceivable to predict that their efficacy in caries prevention will follow the homologous series, that is, that the number of OH-groups present in the alditol molecule will determine the efficacy as follows: . The possible difference between erythritol and xylitol must be confirmed in future clinical trials.

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