scholarly journals Population responses of bird populations to climate change on two continents vary with species’ ecological traits but not with direction of change in climate suitability

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 337-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy R. Mason ◽  
Rhys E. Green ◽  
Christine Howard ◽  
Philip A. Stephens ◽  
Stephen G. Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Population Responses ◽  
Climate Suitability ◽  
Species Responses ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Climate change is a major global threat to biodiversity with widespread impacts on ecological communities. Evidence for beneficial impacts on populations is perceived to be stronger and more plentiful than that for negative impacts, but few studies have investigated this apparent disparity, or how ecological factors affect population responses to climatic change. We examined the strength of the relationship between species-specific regional population changes and climate suitability trends (CST), using 30-year datasets of population change for 525 breeding bird species in Europe and the USA. These data indicate a consistent positive relationship between population trend and CST across the two continents. Importantly, we found no evidence that this positive relationship differs between species expected to be negatively and positively impacted across the entire taxonomic group, suggesting that climate change is causing equally strong, quantifiable population increases and declines. Species’ responses to changing climatic suitability varied with ecological traits, however, particularly breeding habitat preference and body mass. Species associated with inland wetlands responded most strongly and consistently to recent climatic change. In Europe, smaller species also appeared to respond more strongly, whilst the relationship with body mass was less clear-cut for North American birds. Overall, our results identify the role of certain traits in modulating responses to climate change and emphasise the importance of long-term data on abundance for detecting large-scale species’ responses to environmental changes.

INTERCONNECTION OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT COMPONENTS FOR THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLES OF THE NORTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
N. N. ILYSHEVA ◽  
◽  
E. V. KARANINA ◽  
G. P. LEDKOV ◽  
E. V. BALDESKU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
The North ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Relationship

The article deals with the problem of achieving sustainable development. The purpose of this study is to reveal the relationship between the components of sustainable development, taking into account the involvement of indigenous peoples in nature conservation. Climate change makes achieving sustainable development more difficult. Indigenous peoples are the first to feel the effects of climate change and play an important role in the environmental monitoring of their places of residence. The natural environment is the basis of life for indigenous peoples, and biological resources are the main source of food security. In the future, the importance of bioresources will increase, which is why economic development cannot be considered independently. It is assumed that the components of resilience are interrelated and influence each other. To identify this relationship, a model for the correlation of sustainable development components was developed. The model is based on the methods of correlation analysis and allows to determine the tightness of the relationship between economic development and its ecological footprint in the face of climate change. The correlation model was tested on the statistical materials of state reports on the environmental situation in the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Okrug – Yugra. The approbation revealed a strong positive relationship between two components of sustainable development of the region: economy and ecology.

scholarly journals Hydrological controls on DOC : nitrate resource stoichiometry in a lowland, agricultural catchment, southern UK

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M. Heppell ◽  
Andrew Binley ◽  
Mark Trimmer ◽  
Tegan Darch ◽  
Ashley Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
River Water ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Lowland River ◽  
Significant Positive Relationship ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The role that hydrology plays in governing the interactions between dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen in rivers draining lowland, agricultural landscapes is currently poorly understood, yet important to assess given the potential changes to production and delivery of DOC and nitrate arising from climate change. We measured DOC and nitrate concentrations in river water of six reaches of the lowland River Hampshire Avon (Wiltshire, southern UK) in order to quantify the relationship between Baseflow Index (BFI) and DOC : nitrate molar ratios across contrasting geologies (Chalk, Greensand and clay). We found a significant positive relationship between nitrate and Baseflow Index (p 

Climate change and other factors influencing the decline of the Tasmanian cider gum (Eucalyptus gunnii)

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 684 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Calder ◽  
J. B. Kirkpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Climatic Change ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Spatial Relationship ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Tree Decline ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
The Relationship

Global climatic change has been strongly implicated in the decline of many species. However, other processes can contribute towards the extinction risk of these species. Could management of these processes arrest or slow climatically related decline? We test the relationship between climate change, and other potential threatening factors, and the decline of Eucalyptus gunnii, a tree endemic to the subalpine regions of Tasmania, Australia. Through observing the spatial patterns of both climatic change and dieback, we found there was a stronger pattern of increasing droughts in the eastern part of the species range, the region which also displayed the worst dieback. A time series of aerial photographs revealed that the most severe drought periods in the last several decades have coincided with the most rapid tree decline. However, the sites that suffered the worst dieback were also more heavily used for stock grazing, a factor which had a stronger spatial relationship with tree decline than climate. Other factors were also implicated in the decline, including possum browsing. The good health of some populations in the most climatically stressed areas suggests that the amelioration of non-climatic stresses could be effective in maintaining the health of the surviving populations.

scholarly journals Understanding the relationship between sharing personal anecdotes, warmth, curiosity, risk perception and mitigation in communicating the threat of climate change

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (07) ◽  
pp. A08
Author(s):  
Reyhaneh Maktoufi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Risk Perception ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
The Relationship

While most Americans believes in climate change, to elicit action, communicators should use strategies to convey risks. One strategy is to cognitively engage individuals by eliciting curiosity. Previous studies have shown that individuals with higher science curiosity are more likely to perceive the risk of climate change. This study uses scientists’ act of sharing personal anecdotes to elicit curiosity and examines the effect of scientist’s traits on risk perception. Results show that anecdotes do not affect any of the variables. However, there is a positive relationship between curiosity and risk perception, and between trust in scientists and risk perception.

Complex patterns of temperature sensitivity, not ecological traits, dictate diverse species responses to climate change

Ecography ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin G. Schuetz ◽  
Katherine E. Mills ◽  
Andrew J. Allyn ◽  
Karen Stamieszkin ◽  
Arnault Le Bris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Temperature Sensitivity ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Diverse Species ◽  
Complex Patterns ◽  
Species Responses

scholarly journals Dealing with Carbon Risk and the Cost of Debt: Evidence from the European Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Pizzutilo ◽  
Massimo Mariani ◽  
Alessandra Caragnano ◽  
Marianna Zito
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
European Market ◽  
Financial Impact ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Specific Component ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship

The ever-increasing attention towards climate change has led to investigate the economic and financial impact of environmental risk. In this scenario, we aimed at investigating the relationship between a specific component of environmental risk, namely the so-called carbon risk, and the cost of debt. This research is motivated by the fact that few studies have focused on the aforementioned relationship. We fill this gap by using a sample of companies listed on the Eurostoxx 600 Index. Our results evidence a positive relationship between carbon risk and cost of debt, providing a relevant contribution to the scarce existing literature on this topic.

scholarly journals Body mass and territorial defence strategy affect the territory size of odonate species

2019 ◽  
Vol 286 (1917) ◽  
pp. 20192398
Author(s):  
Suvi Aromaa ◽  
Jaakko J. Ilvonen ◽  
Jukka Suhonen
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Breeding Habitat ◽  
Territory Size ◽  
Territorial Defence ◽  
Several Variables ◽  
Territory Defence ◽  
Habitat Productivity ◽  
Defence Strategy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The territory is a distinct mating place that a male defends against intruding conspecific males. The size of a territory varies between species and most of the variation between species has been found to scale allometrically with body mass. The variation that could not be explained by body mass has been explained with several variables such as habitat productivity, trophic level, locomotion strategy and thermoregulation. All previous interspecific comparative studies have been done on vertebrate species such as birds, mammals, reptiles and fishes, meaning that studies using invertebrate species are missing. Here, we studied the relationship of a species's territory size with its fresh body mass (FBM) in addition to other ecologically relevant traits using 86 damselfly and dragonfly (Odonata) species. We found that territory size is strongly affected by species FBM, following an allometric relationship similar to vertebrates. We also found that the territory size of a species was affected by its territorial defence strategy, constantly flying species having larger territories than species that mostly perch. Breeding habitat or the presence of sexual characters did not affect territory sizes, but lotic species and species without wing spots had steeper allometric slopes. It seems that an increase in a species’s body mass increases its territory size and may force the species to shift its territory defence strategy from a percher to a flier.

Body Mass Index, Obesity, and Self-Control: A Comparison of Chronotypes

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Wang
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
General Population ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Self Control ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Relationship

The correlation between evening type, body mass index (BMI), and obesity has attracted the attention of researchers. In this study, I surveyed a sample of adults drawn from the general population in the US to examine whether or not evening types have a higher BMI than do other chronotypes and whether or not they are more likely than other chronotypes to become obese. I also proposed a personality-based explanation of the relationship between BMI, evening type, and obesity, with self-control as the mediator. As hypothesized, I found that evening types had a higher BMI and were more likely to be obese than were either morning types or intermediate types. The finding that the positive relationship between eveningness and BMI can be completely mediated by self-control is most significant.

scholarly journals Variation in intraspecific demography drives localised concordance but species-wide discordance in responses to Plio-Pleistocene climatic change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean James Buckley ◽  
Chris Brauer ◽  
Peter Unmack ◽  
Michael Hammer ◽  
Luciano B Beheregaray
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Peripheral Populations ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Species Responses

Understanding how species biology may facilitate resilience to climate change remains a critical factor in detecting and protecting species at risk of extinction. Many studies have focused on the role of particular ecological traits in driving species responses, but less so on demographic history and levels of standing genetic variation. We used environmental and genomic datasets to reconstruct the phylogeographic histories of two ecologically similar and largely co-distributed freshwater fishes to assess the degree of concordance in their responses to Plio-Pleistocene climatic changes. Although several co-occurring populations demonstrated concordant demographic histories, idiosyncratic population size changes were found at the range edges of the more spatially restricted species. Discordant responses between species were associated with low standing genetic variation in peripheral populations. This might have hindered adaptive potential, as documented in recent population declines and extinctions of the two species. Our results highlight both the role of spatial scale in the degree of concordance in species responses to climate change, and the importance of standing genetic variation in facilitating range shifts. Even when ecological traits are similar between species, long-term genetic diversity and historical population demography may lead to discordant responses to ongoing and future climate change.

scholarly journals The Relationship between body mass index (BMI) and sedentary behavior is mediated by negative peer interaction in boys.

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Jacob E Barkley ◽  
Gregory S Farnell
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Relational Victimization ◽  
Sitting Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Sedentary Activities

To determine if self-reported negative social interaction mediates the relationship between sedentary behavior and body mass index (BMI) percentile in boys. Twelve overweight/obese (?85th BMI percentile) and 14 non-overweight (<85th BMI percentile) boys (10.5 ± 1.5 years old) completed surveys assessing overt peer victimization and relational victimization. Children were individually given access to a gymnasium with physical activity equipment and sedentary alternatives for 30 minutes. Children could play with the equipment in any pattern they wished and the amount of time allocated to sedentary activities (sitting time) was recorded. Overt and relational victimization were moderately and positively associated with BMI percentile (r ? 0.40, p ? 0.04) and sitting time (r ? 0.40, p ? 0.05) and sitting time was positively associated with BMI percentile (r = 0.4, p = 0.05). After controlling for overt and relational victimization the correlation between sitting time and BMI percentile was non-significant (r ? 0.28, p ? 0.18). The positive relationship between BMI percentile and sedentary behavior was mediated by measures of negative social interaction.

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