scholarly journals Is Coping with Stigma by Association Role-Specific for Different Family Members? A Qualitative Study with Bipolar Disorder Patients’ Relatives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Richard-Lepouriel ◽  
Jean-Michel Aubry ◽  
Sophie Favre
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Family Roles ◽  
Public Stigma ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Stigma By Association ◽  
Associative Stigma ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Purposive Sample

AbstractTrying to cope with stigma by association (SBA) often results in behaviors leading to social isolation and withdrawal. This study aimed at exploring the stigma-related experiences of family members of persons living with bipolar disorder (PW-BD). A semi-structured interview was conducted with relatives of PW-BD. Open-ended questions addressed three issues: awareness of public stigma of bipolar disorder, experiences of associative stigma, and ways of coping with experiences of SBA. Data were collected from a purposive sample of 21 family members. Experiences of SBA were specifically related to the different family roles. Parents had to deal with responsibility, partners with the choice of staying or not, and siblings with “a sort of duty.” These specific prejudices enhanced specific coping strategies. This is the first study to highlight specific issues and coping from the perspective of family members. Based on these findings, specific targeted interventions could be developed.

scholarly journals Attitudes towards childbearing, causal attributions for bipolar disorder and psychological distress: a study of families with multiple cases of bipolar disorder

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1601-1611 ◽  
Author(s):  
BETTINA MEISER ◽  
PHILIP B. MITCHELL ◽  
NADINE A. KASPARIAN ◽  
KIM STRONG ◽  
JUDY M. SIMPSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Causal Attributions ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Perceived Stigma ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associative Stigma

ABSTRACTBackgroundFor families with multiple cases of bipolar disorder this study explored: attitudes towards childbearing; causal attributions for bipolar disorder, in particular the degree to which a genetic model is endorsed and its impact on the perceived stigma of bipolar disorder; and predictors of psychological distress.MethodTwo hundred individuals (95 unaffected and 105 affected with either bipolar disorder, schizo-affective disorder – manic type, or recurrent major disorder) were surveyed, using mailed, self-administered questionnaires.ResultsThirty-five (35%) participants reported being ‘not at all willing to have children’ or ‘less willing to have children’ as a result of having a strong family history of bipolar disorder. Being not at all or less willing to have children was associated with perceived stigma of bipolar disorder [odds ratio (OR) 2·42,p=0·002], endorsement of a genetic model (OR 1·76,p=0·046), and being affected (OR 2·16,p=0·01). Among unaffected participants only, endorsement of a genetic model was strongly correlated with perceived stigma (rs=0·30,p=0·004). Perceiving the family environment as an important factor in causing bipolar disorder was significantly associated with psychological distress (OR 1·58,p=0·043) among unaffected participants. Among affected participants, perceived stigma was significantly correlated with psychological distress (OR 2·44,p=0·02), controlling for severity of symptoms (p<0·001).ConclusionsHaving a genetic explanation for bipolar disorder may exacerbate associative stigma among unaffected members from families with multiple cases of bipolar disorder, while it does not impact on perceived stigma among affected family members. Affected family members may benefit from interventions to ameliorate the adverse effects of perceived stigma.

Exploring Perception of Chronic Hepatitis C: An Idiographic Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-751
Author(s):  
Hana Arshad ◽  
Subha Malik
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Chronic Hepatitis C ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Approach ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Coping

The disease Hepatitis C has devastating impact on the individual and their family members. This study demonstrates the case of a 45 year old woman suffering from chronic Hepatitis C. The methods of data collection employed were Mental Status Examination and semi-structured interview. Furthermore, the participant‟s caregiver (sister) was also interviewed. For this purpose, two separate interview schedules were prepared. Data was interpreted by using Interpretative Phenomenological Approach. The most dominant themes extracted within this study were overshadowing physical health; psychological and emotional distress; coping with disease; and social support from family members. In addition, the study showed that the perception of social support and coping have an influence on chronic Hepatitis C individuals. The present study‟s findings would be fruitful for Pakistani people in enhancing their understanding about chronic Hepatitis C.

Lived Experiences of Family Members Caring for Individuals Living with Bipolar Disorder

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramatsobane Granny Lekoadi ◽  
Mmasethunya Annie Temane ◽  
Marie Poggenpoel ◽  
Chris Myburgh
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Chronic Mental Illness ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Purposive Sample

Globally, around a third of the adult population suffers from a mental disorder such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder (BD) is a chronic mental illness which adversely impacts the lives of the affected individuals and their family members. BD has a strong influence on family functioning. The main objective of this study was to explore and describe the lived experiences of family members who care for individuals living with BD. A qualitative research design, which is exploratory, descriptive and contextual in nature, was used in this study. A purposive sample was utilised to select family members who care for individuals living with BD to participate in the study. In-depth phenomenological interviews were conducted to collect data and observations in the form of field notes were documented. The data analysis was done using a thematic analysis. Four themes emerged from the analysis of the transcribed in-depth phenomenological interviews, namely caring for an individual living with BD was exhausting, strenuous and a continuous unasked responsibility; family members experienced their own routines being disrupted by the individual living with BD’s unpredictable behaviour and having to accompany them to appointments; family members experienced family relationships as being strained and challenged; and family members experienced the need for assistance to cope with the individuals living with BD. Strategies to facilitate the lived experiences of family members who care for individuals living with BD should be developed. The suggested strategies are facilitation of exploration of challenges by family members, self-empowerment, empowerment in relationships, and empowerment in mobilising resources.

scholarly journals Involvement of the nuclear factor-κB transcriptional complex in prefrontal cortex immune activation in bipolar disorder

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn M. Roman ◽  
Aaron K. Jenkins ◽  
David A. Lewis ◽  
David W. Volk
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Immune Activation ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Transcript Levels ◽  
Immune Related Genes ◽  
Transcriptional Complex ◽  
Shared Risk

AbstractBipolar disorder and schizophrenia have multiple clinical and genetic features in common, including shared risk associated with overlapping susceptibility loci in immune-related genes. Higher activity of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) transcription factor complex, which regulates the transcription of multiple immune markers, has been reported to contribute to immune activation in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia. These findings suggest the hypothesis that elevated NF-κB activity is present in the prefrontal cortex in bipolar disorder in a manner similar to that seen in schizophrenia. Therefore, we quantified levels of NF-κB-related mRNAs in the prefrontal cortex of 35 matched pairs of bipolar disorder and unaffected comparison subjects using quantitative PCR. We found that transcript levels were higher in the prefrontal cortex of bipolar disorder subjects for several NF-κB family members, NF-κB activation receptors, and NF-κB-regulated mRNAs, and were lower for an NF-κB inhibitor. Transcript levels for NF-κB family members, NF-κB activation receptors, and NF-κB-regulated mRNAs levels were also highly correlated with each other. This pattern of elevated transcript levels for NF-κB-related markers in bipolar disorder is similar to that previously reported in schizophrenia, suggesting that cortical immune activation is a shared pathophysiological feature between the two disorders.

Psychological Reactions among Family Members of Patients with Implantable Defibrillators

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra Marx ◽  
Andreas Bollmann ◽  
Sandra B. Dunbar ◽  
Louise S. Jenkins ◽  
Mary Hawthorne
Keyword(s):  
Mood State ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Icd Implantation ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
Total Mood Disturbance ◽  
Challenge Appraisal ◽  
Coping Scale ◽  
And Coping

Objective: To describe psychological reactions among family members of patients receiving an implantable cardioverter/defibrillator (ICD) during the first 9 months after implantation. Methods: Eighty-two family members (age 56 ± 12 years, 74 percent female, 79 percent married, 88 percent Caucasian) of ICD patients completed questionnaires regarding their mood (Profile of Mood State), cognitive illness appraisals (Meaning of Illness Questionnaire) and coping strategies (Jalowiec Coping Scale) prior to ICD implantation, and as well as 1 and 9 months postoperatively. Results: Total mood disturbance score (TMD), threat appraisal, and emotion- and problem-focused coping were highest prior to ICD implantation, and decreased during the first postoperative month showing stable values thereafter. There was no change in challenge appraisal. Multiple regression analysis found that the use of psychotropic drugs (anxiolytics, sedatives; Beta = .25), emotion-focused coping (Beta = .37), and challenge appraisal (Beta = .21) at 1 month accounted for 26 percent of variance in TMD at 9 months. Conclusion: A spouse's ICD implantation is a major stressful event for family members leading to a diminished mood state prior ICD implantation. Reduction in emotion-focused coping and the use of challenge appraisal may improve mood state in family members of ICD patients during early follow-up.

Mothers’ Experiences of Wellbeing and Coping While Living with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chloe Parton ◽  
Jane M. Ussher ◽  
Janette Perz
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Dependent Child ◽  
Women’S Experiences ◽  
Women's Experiences ◽  
Qualitative Thematic Analysis ◽  
Letting Go ◽  
And Coping

Abstract Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can result in difficulties for mothers when undertaking daily care activities and increased psychological distress. However, few studies have examined how women with RA subjectively experience coping and wellbeing as part of their motherhood. Methods Twenty mothers with a diagnosis of RA and a dependent child (18 years or younger) who were living in Australia took part in a semi-structured interview between June and November 2017. Purposive sampling was undertaken to include participants across degree of current RA severity, number and age of children, and having received a diagnosis before or after a first child to take account of variability across these experiences. A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted on the interview transcripts. Results The following themes were identified: ‘Burden and complexity in the mothering role’, ‘Losing control: Women’s experiences of distress’, and ‘Adjusting and letting go: Women’s experiences of wellbeing’. Experiences of distress, including feelings of failure, were associated with accounts of a loss of control over mothering practices among women, regardless of child age. In contrast, accounts of adjusting mothering practices and relinquishing control were associated with reports of enhanced wellbeing. In addition, some mothers reported greater ease due to increased independence of older children. The absence of social support exacerbated burden and distress in the women’s accounts, while the availability of support alleviated burden and was associated with reports of wellbeing. Conclusion Health professionals and services can provide support to mothers with RA by addressing feelings of failure, acknowledging strategies of adjustment and letting go, and encouraging access to social support.

scholarly journals Exercise as an Add-on Strategy for the Treatment of Bipolar Disorder: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Rocha Rocca ◽  
José Celio da Rocha Lima Filho ◽  
Rafael Barbosa Roque Pesconi ◽  
Déborah Alvim Monteiro Batista Alves ◽  
João Victor Coutinho Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Clinical Expertise ◽  
Medical Subject Headings ◽  
Prevention Of Relapse

Abstract Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, recurrent and chronic disorder associated with cognitive impairment, reduction in quality of life and substantially reduction in psychosocial functioning. It presents high rates of comorbidity with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Individuals with bipolar disorder need to focus their attention and treatment on mental and physical health. Physical exercise is often recommended in bipolar disorder, based on extrapolation from the major depressive disorder literature, theory and clinical expertise. However, studies tend to exclude individuals with BD or make no distinction between diagnostic groups, which leads to heterogeneity and difficulty in generalizing the results. The aim of this review is to evaluate the role of physical exercise as an intervention in bipolar disorder treatment. Method: The study populations must be humans, aged 18 years or older, with a clinical diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder (BD) according to a recognised widely-used diagnostic classification approach, confirmed with a structured interview. We will evaluate two main outcomes (mood symptoms improvement and functioning) and an additional outcome (prevention of relapse/recurrence). The search strategy will be based on the PICOS framework, using medical subject headings, on the following databases: MEDLINE (via Pubmed), EMBASE, CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus (via EBSCO), PsycINFO (via APA) and OpenGrey Repository. Selection and data collection process will be carried out by two authors, independently. Risk of bias and quality of evidence will be graded acording ROB-2 and GRADE. We will present a narrative and quantitative synthesis of the results from the included studies. Regarding quantitative data, we will extract means (M) and standard deviations (SD), when available, to calculate the standardised mean difference (SMD). Effects size will be calculated using SMD and 95% confidence interval and heterogeneity will be assessed. Subgroup analysis will be conducted to explore heterogeneity across studies depending on quality and quantity of the data extracted.Discussion: To date, there wasn't a systematic review with only randomized controlled trials on effects of physical activity on BD. Because of this, we will conduct this systematic review trying to estabilish the effects of exercise on mood, functionality and prevention of relapse.Registration: submitted

scholarly journals Healthcare worker’s emotions, perceived stressors and coping mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254252
Author(s):  
Suzanne Rose ◽  
Josette Hartnett ◽  
Seema Pillai
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Coping Mechanisms ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Psychological Burden ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Risk Of Exposure ◽  
And Coping

Increasing cases, insufficient amount of personal protection equipment, extremely demanding workloads, and lack of adequate therapies to save lives can contribute to a psychological burden directly related to working during disease outbreaks. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at a high risk of contracting COVID-19 due to its ability to spread efficiently through asymptomatic and symptomatic individuals. There are limited studies assessing the pandemic’s psychological impact on HCWs, specifically those in close proximity to hospitalized patients with COVID-19. Our study explored the emotions, perceived stressors, and coping strategies of front-line HCWs at high risk of exposure to COVID-19 during the first surge at our community-based teaching hospital, the epicenter of COVID-19 in Connecticut. A validated comprehensive questionnaire derived and modified from previous epidemics was used to inquire about staff feelings, factors that caused stress and factors that mitigated stress. Personal coping strategies and factors that can increase staff’s motivation to work during future events of similar nature were also asked. Emotional reactions, coping mechanisms, and stressors varied by healthcare role, while some experiences and reactions were similar among groups. Willingness to participate in a second wave of the pandemic or future outbreaks is strongly driven by adequate personal protective equipment, financial recognition, and recognition from management, similarly reported in previous disease outbreaks. All groups felt a reduction in stress due to a sense of camaraderie and teamwork, as well as when sharing jokes or humor with colleagues. Our HCWs at high risk of exposure experienced significant emotional distress during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. By understanding the needs and experiences of our HCWs at highest risk, we can improve our psychological support using targeted interventions during future waves of this pandemic or similar devastating events.

scholarly journals Father-child discourse in Family Guy: a corpus-based analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Author(s):  
Anhelina Sliepushova
Keyword(s):  
Family Communication ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Emotional Support ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Family Roles ◽  
American Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
The Future ◽  
Family Guy

The article aims at analysis of gender and family stereotypes in father-child communication in an animated series Family Guy, featuring a typical American family. The study focuses on Peter Griffin's discourse, the father of the family, containing his communication with two of his teenage children, a son and a daughter, unveiling gender peculiarities in father-son and father-daughter discourses. The attempt is made to disclose how gender and family roles are verbalized in communication between family members. The conversation, discourse and corpus-based analyses have been used to analyze the main character's discourse in order to single out the father's specific vocabulary — through word lists, keyword lists, clusters and collocations — he uses while communicating with his son and daughter. The findings show that Peter Griffin chooses different language means while talking to his son and daughter. Thus, his discourse addressing his adolescent son Chris is rich in direct addresses, mainly commands when the father tries to discipline his son. Offering his son emotional support or encouragement the father stays forthright with him creating an image of “real men” stereotypical conversations. On the contrary, while communicating with his daughter Peter modifies her name Meg addressing her as honey, sweetheart, one-of-a-kind in father-daughter discourse. However, using diminutives he humiliates his daughter and makes her feel an abandoned child. In this way, he makes her feel special but in a negative way. Family communication created in the animated series reflects gender stereotypes in father's attitude to his children belonging to two different sexes. Nevertheless, this verbal tendency does not affect relationships within the family. For the future, it is worthwhile to compile a larger corpus including mother-child, child-father, and child-mother discourses to get more representative results

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