A patient with a 12-year history characterized by four non-AIDS-related malignancies, occurring before and after the disclosure of HIV infection

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-461
Author(s):  
Roberto Manfredi ◽  
Alessandra Cascavilla ◽  
Eleonora Magistrelli ◽  
Giorgio Legnani ◽  
Sergio Sabbatani
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Refractory pharyngeal ulceration due to cytomegalovirus in a patient with HIV infection: a case report and literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morichika Osa ◽  
Akihiro Sato ◽  
Maki Sakagami ◽  
Masaki Machida ◽  
Takao Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Pathological Examination ◽  
Cmv Infection ◽  
Case Presentation ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Immunocompromised Hosts ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome ◽  
Nonspecific Inflammation

Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is an important pathogen among immunocompromised hosts. Typically, CMV in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection causes diseases of the retina, digestive tract, lungs and liver, but there are few cases of CMV infection of the pharynx and larynx. Case presentation A 57-year-old man with HIV infection was admitted because of pharyngeal pain. Before and after admission, pharyngeal biopsies guided by laryngeal endoscopy were performed four times, but pathological examination showed nonspecific inflammation, and the cause of pharyngeal ulceration was unclear. Additionally, the ulceration deteriorated after initiation of retroviral therapy. Laryngomicrosurgery was conducted under general anesthesia to remove tissue, and pathological diagnosis confirmed CMV infection. Pathological features included enlargement of the cytoplasm and nucleus in infected cells, and intranuclear bodies called owl’s eye inclusions. Ganciclovir dramatically improved the symptoms and laryngoscopic findings. Conclusions This case was diagnosed as pharyngitis and pharyngeal ulceration caused by CMV infection, related to immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. In previous reports of CMV-induced pharyngeal or laryngeal ulceration in HIV infection, we found six cases similar to our present case. All cases were diagnosed by biopsy. The present case indicates the importance of biopsy for definitive diagnosis. CMV infection should be considered as a differential diagnosis of pharyngeal ulceration in patients with HIV infection.

Adaptive Behavior of Children with Symptomatic HIV Infection Before and After Zidovudine Therapy

1994 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela L. Wolters ◽  
Pim Brouwers ◽  
Howard A. Moss ◽  
Philip A. Pizzo
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Adaptive Behavior ◽  
Zidovudine Therapy ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals The Incidence and Severity of Drug Interactions Before and After Antiretroviral Therapy Simplification in Treatment-Experienced Patients With HIV Infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
Nicholas V. Hastain ◽  
Aleena Santana ◽  
Jason J. Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Patient Adherence ◽  
Potential Interaction ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Signed Rank Test

Background: Current guidelines advocate for antiretroviral therapy (ART) simplification in patients on complicated regimens. Simplifying ART improves patient adherence and quality of life, but changes in drug interactions (DIs) are uncertain. Objective: This study assessed changes in DIs following ART simplification in patients with HIV. Methods: This was an observational, retrospective cohort study of patients attending an urban HIV clinic. Patients were included if they had ART simplification (a decreased number of daily tablets) and ≥1 concomitant medication (CM). Total DI scores were generated for each patient pre–ART simplification and post–ART simplification using an online DI database. Each ART-CM pair labeled as “do not co-administer” was given a score of 2, “potential interaction” a score of 1, or “no interaction” a score of 0. Differences in total DI scores following simplification were analyzed with a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Predictors of DI score reductions were examined with linear regression. Results: A total of 99 patients were included. Their median age was 54 years, and 79% were male. The median durations of HIV infection and ART were 16 and 10 years, respectively. Patients were receiving an average of 4.5 CMs. Median interaction scores presimplification and postsimplification were 3 (interquartile range [IQR], 1-6) and 1 (IQR, 0-2) respectively ( P < 0.001). Predictors of score reductions were the patient’s number of CMs, discontinuing a protease inhibitor, and switching to a dolutegravir-based regimen. Conclusion and Relevance: ART simplification decreased the incidence of DIs in this analysis of patients with advanced age who had ART experience and polypharmacy.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE LIMITATION OF ATTENDANCE OF PATIENTS WITH HIV-INFECTION, COMBINED WITH TUBERCULOSIS, AIDS CENTER POLYCLINICS TO THE FREQUENCY OF CONTAMINATION BY MYCOBACTERIA OF THE HOSPITAL FACILITY ENVIRONMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
V. I. Sergevnin ◽  
E. V. Sarmometov ◽  
O. V. Tukacheva ◽  
O. E. Mikova
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Hospital Facility ◽  
Environment Contamination ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Number Of Visits

The attendance of patients with HIV infection, combined with tuberculosis, of different medical organizations was studied before and after limiting service of patients with co-infection in the AIDS center polyclinic. 163 flushes from the hospital environment of the AIDS centre polyclinic were studied by polymerase chain reaction for the presence of tuberculosis mycobacteria DNA. It was established that a decrease in the number of visits to a specialized polyclinic by the patients with HIV infection combined with tuberculosis was accompanied by a decrease in the degree of hospital facility environment contamination by tuberculosis mycobacteria.

Immunocytochemical characteristic of the endometrial mucosa HIV-infected women

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Irina N. Vorobtsova ◽  
Natalya I. Tapilskaya ◽  
Elena S. Orlova ◽  
Nikolay N. Rukhlyada ◽  
Sergei N. Proshin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Immunocytochemical Study ◽  
Uterine Epithelial Cells ◽  
Chronic Endometritis ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Hiv Negative

Relevance. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is an independent factor in reduced fertility and a risk factor for miscarriage. There are some date an endometrial receptivity of HIV-infected patients has changed that plays an important role in embryo invasion, but the true reasons for the decrease in fertility rate in HIV infection remain unknown. Aim. Study of the expression of CD20, CD56 and TLR9 antigens on uterine epithelial cells of HIV-infected patients and the effectiveness of treatment for chronic endometritis by sodium nucleospermate. Materials and methods. This parallel-group study was done at two centres in the Russia. Participants were adults women aged 26 to 49 years (mean age 33.352.9 years), who were HIV-infected (n=12) and HIV-negative (22). An immunocytochemical study of endometrial biopsies taken on the 710th day of the menstrual cycle before and after treatment was done. The course of treatment with sodium nucleospermate was 42 days. Results. The expression level of CD56 and TLR9 in HIV-infected patients was 7.640.92% and 0.330.18%, respectively, and significantly differed from the expression levels in HIV-seronegative patients. There was a decrease in the expression levels of CD20 and CD56 and an increase in the expression levels of TLR9 in all groups of patients after treatment with sodium nucleospermate. Conclusion. A decrease TLR9 expression on uterine epithelial cells in HIV-infected patients showing lack of ability of innate immunity to eliminate pathogens associated with subclinical inflammation and it correlates with an increase in the expression of markers of chronic endometritis.

scholarly journals Opportunistic infections in patients with aids admitted to an university hospital of the Southeast of Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vandack Nobre ◽  
Emanuella Braga ◽  
Abdunnabi Rayes ◽  
José Carlos Serufo ◽  
Pérsio Godoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Female Rate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Clinical Diagnoses ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Male To Female

Opportunistic diseases in HIV-infected patients have changed since the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART). This study aims at evaluating the frequency of associated diseases in patients with AIDS admitted to an university hospital of Brazil, before and after HAART. The medical records of 342 HIV-infected patients were reviewed and divided into two groups: group 1 comprised 247 patients before HAART and, group 2, 95 patients after HAART. The male-to-female rate dropped from 5:1 to 2:1for HIV infection. There was an increase in the prevalence of tuberculosis and toxoplasmosis, with a decrease in Kaposi's sarcoma, histoplasmosis and cryptococcosis. A reduction of in-hospital mortality (42.0% vs. 16.9%; p = 0.00002) has also occurred. An agreement between the main clinical diagnoses and autopsy findings was observed in 10 out of 20 cases (50%). Two patients with disseminated schistosomiasis and 2 with paracoccidioidomycosis are reported. Overall, except for cerebral toxoplasmosis, it has been noticed a smaller proportion of opportunistic conditions related to severe immunosuppression in the post HAART group. There was also a significant reduction in the in-hospital mortality, possibly reflecting improvement in the treatment of the HIV infection.

scholarly journals Env-Specific IgA from Viremic HIV-Infected Subjects Compromises Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity

2015 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 670-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Julia Ruiz ◽  
Yanina Ghiglione ◽  
Juliana Falivene ◽  
Natalia Laufer ◽  
María Pía Holgado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Cellular Cytotoxicity ◽  
Antibody Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity ◽  
Elite Controllers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Adcc Assay ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

ABSTRACTElucidating the factors that modulate HIV-specific antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) will help in understanding its role in HIV immunity. The aim of this study was to determine whether IgA could modify the magnitude of ADCC in HIV infection, abrogating its protective role. Plasma samples from 20 HIV-positive (HIV+) subjects enrolled during primary HIV infection (PHI), 10 chronically infected subjects (chronic), and 7 elite controllers (EC) were used. ADCC was determined by using a fluorometric ADCC assay, before and after removal of plasma IgA. Data were analyzed by using nonparametric statistics. ADCC was documented in 80% of PHI enrollment samples and in 100% of PHI 12-month, chronic, and EC samples; it peaked after acute infection, reached a plateau in chronic infection, and decreased after initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART). Significant associations between ADCC and disease progression were found only after removal of plasma IgA from 12-month PHI samples: the magnitude of ADCC not only increased after IgA removal but also correlated with CD4+T-cell preservation. This work provides evidence that gp120-specific IgA was capable of modifying ADCC responses during natural HIV infection for the first time and adds to similar evidence provided in other settings. Furthermore, it underscores the complexity of the ADCC phenomenon and will help in an understanding of its underlying mechanisms.IMPORTANCEAlthough the induction of ADCC-mediating antibodies in HIV-infected subjects has been extensively documented, the association of these antibodies with protection from disease progression is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that plasma IgA is a factor capable of modifying the magnitude of IgG-mediated ADCC in HIV infection, mitigating its beneficial effect. These results help in understanding why previous studies failed to demonstrate correlations between ADCC and disease progression, and they also contribute to the notion that an HIV vaccine should stimulate the production of ADCC-mediating IgG antibodies but not IgA.

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