Contiguous hetero-structures and co-existing morphological derivatives of preferentially grown carbo-nitrides in long-term aged SS 316LN with varying nitrogen concentration

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alphy George ◽  
B. R. Vaishnavi Krupa ◽  
R. Mythili ◽  
Arup Dasgupta ◽  
J. Ganesh Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Derivatives Of

Seasonal Trade-Off between Water- and Nitrogen-Use Efficiency of Constructive Plants in Desert Riparian Forest in Hyperarid Region of China

2011 ◽  
pp. 260-275
Author(s):  
Shengkui Cao ◽  
Qi Feng ◽  
Jianhua Si ◽  
Yonghong Su ◽  
Zongqiang Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Populus Euphratica ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Use Efficiency

Foliar d13C values are often used to denote the long-term water use efficiency (WUE) of plants whereas long-term nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) are usually estimated by the ratio of C to N in the leaves. Seasonal variations of d13C values, foliar nitrogen concentration and C/N ratios of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima grown under five different microhabitats of Ejina desert riparian oasis of northwestern arid regions in China were studied. The results indicated that T. ramosissima had higher d13C value compared with that of P. euphratica. The N concentration and C/N ratios of two species were not significantly different. The seasonal pattern of three indexes in two species was different. The d13C values and N concentration decreased during the plant’s growth period. However, the change of C/N ratios was increased. Among microhabitats, there were higher d13C values and N concentration as well as lower C/N ratios in the Dune and Gobi habitats. Foliar d13C values significantly and positively correlated with N concentration in P. euphratica and T. ramosissima, whereas a significantly negative correlation between d13C values and C/N ratios was found for P. euphratica. This relation in T. ramosissima was weak, but there was a significant quadratic curve relationship between d13C values and C/N ratios, which revealed that there was a trade-off between WUE and NUE for P. euphratica and in natural condition, P. euphratica could not improve WUE and NUE simultaneously. T. ramosissima could simultaneously enhance WUE and NUE. The above characters of WUE and NUE in two plants reflected the different adaptations of desert species to environmental condition.

FOLLOW-UP OF LONG-TERM TREATMENT OF PREDIALYSIS RENAL BONE DISEASE WITH 1-α-HYDROXY-DERIVATIVES OF VITAMIN D

1983 ◽  
pp. 511-516
Author(s):  
J.R. JUTTMANN ◽  
D.H. BIRKENHÄGER-FRENKEL ◽  
T.J. VISSER ◽  
C. VAN KRIMPEN ◽  
J.C. BIRKENHÄGER
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Renal Bone Disease ◽  
Derivatives Of

Simulating maize (Zea mays L.) growth and yield, soil nitrogen concentration, and soil water content for a long-term cropping experiment in Ontario, Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Liu ◽  
J. Y. Yang ◽  
C. F. Drury ◽  
H. L. Liu ◽  
W. D. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Soil Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Inorganic

Liu, S., Yang, J. Y., Drury, C. F., Liu, H. L. and Reynolds, W. D. 2014. Simulating maize (Zea mays L.) growth and yield, soil nitrogen concentration, and soil water content for a long-term cropping experiment in Ontario, Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 435–452. A performance assessment of the Decision Support Systems for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) model (v4.5) including the CERES-Maize and CENTURY modules was conducted for continuous maize production under annual synthetic fertilization (CC-F) and no fertilization (CC-NF) using field data from a long-term (53-yr) cropping experiment in Ontario, Canada. The assessment was based on the accuracy with which DSSAT could simulate measured grain yield, above-ground biomass, leaf area index (LAI), soil inorganic nitrogen concentration, and soil water content. Model calibration for maize cultivar was achieved using grain yield measurements from CC-F between 2007 and 2012, and model evaluation was achieved using soil and crop measurements from both CC-F and CC-NF for the same 6-yr period. Good model–data agreement for CC-F grain yields was achieved for calibration (index of agreement, d=0.99), while moderate agreement for CC-NF grain yields was achieved for evaluation (d=0.79). Model–data agreement for above-ground biomass was good (d=0.83–1.00), but the model consistently underestimated for CC-F and overestimated for CC-NF. DSSAT achieved good model–data agreement for LAI in CC-F (d=0.82–0.99), but moderate to poor agreement in CC-NF (d=0.46–0.64). The CENTURY module of DSSAT simulated soil inorganic nitrogen concentrations with moderate to good model–data agreement in CC-F (d=0.74–0.88), but poor agreement in CC-NF (d=0.40–0.50). The model–data agreement for soil water content was moderate in 2007 and 2008 for both treatments (d=0.60–0.76), but poor in 2009 (d=0.46–0.53). It was concluded that the DSSAT cropping system model provided generally good to moderate simulations of continuous maize production (yield, biomass, LAI) for a long-term cropping experiment in Ontario, Canada, but generally moderate to poor simulations of soil inorganic nitrogen concentration and soil water content.

Stem nitrate nitrogen and yield of wheat in a permanent rotation experiment

1983 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 599 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Papastylianou ◽  
DW Puckridge
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Waite Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Permanent Rotation

The growth of wheat on the permanent rotation experiment at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute was examined over two seasons. Measurements of stem nitrate nitrogen concentration were used to assess the effect of nitrogen on yield for treatments which can also affect the availability of water and the severity of pests and diseases. High nitrate nitrogen was positively correlated with yield in a wet year, but its importance changed between years and was determined by rotation and environmental conditions. On average the sequence oats-oats for grazing-fallow-wheat had the highest nitrate nitrogen and the highest long-term mean yield, even though it had no apparent nitrogen input. Rotations which included grass-clover phases can be more severely infested by pests and diseases, and the wheat less able to respond to favourable nitrogen supply than rotations which included fallow or a non-host crop.

scholarly journals EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF THE TOXIC PROPERTIES OF HALOGEN-DERIVATIVES OF SATURATED HYDROCARBONS (CHLADONS)

2017 ◽  
pp. 35-41
Author(s):  
A. S. Radilov ◽  
I. E. Shkayeva ◽  
S. A. Solntseva ◽  
V. A. Kondrashov ◽  
N. M. Menshikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Acute Poisoning ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Saturated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Cardiovascular Systems ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Fluorinated Hydrocarbons

A study was made on toxicity and hazards of 16 chladons which are representatives of various halogen derivatives of saturated hydrocarbons (fluorine derivatives of methane, ethane, propane, butane). It is shown that in terms of acute toxicity parameters, the studied chladons refer to low-toxic and low-risk substances (hazard class 4 according to GOST 12.1.007). The least toxic are fully fluorinated hydrocarbons: tetrafluoromethane, hexafluoroethane, octafluoropropane, decafluorobutane.` In the clinical picture of acute poisoning, signs of a narcotic effect prevail. Limit values Limac were determined for fluorocarbons in the range of 750-180 mg/l, for mixed fluorochlorinated hydrocarbons- up to 100 mg / l (45, 80 mg/l), for fluoriodohydrocarbns (pentafluoriodoethane) 10.5 mg/l. The main criteria tests were indicators of the state of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. Long-term exposure to the compounds studied (chladons Nos. 32, 125, 227, 218, 31-10) caused marked changes in the functional state of the nervous and cardiovascular systems, peripheral blood composition and metabolic processes. Hygiene standards for most tested chladons in the workplace air (MAC workplace) are approved at the level of 3000 mg/m3, hazard class 4;,vapors; in the atmospheric air of residential areas, the MAC. average daily of 10 (20) mg/m3 is set, and 100 mg/m3 for maximum single concentration (MAC.maximum single), reflective -resorptive effect, hazard class 4.

scholarly journals Hemifacial Microsomia: A Mini Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Shilpa Ashok Sharma ◽  
Sayali Vikram Pagar Patil ◽  
Anupama Mudhol ◽  
Jyothi Shashidhar
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Development ◽  
Facial Appearance ◽  
Hemifacial Microsomia ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Mandibular Hypoplasia ◽  
Branchial Arches ◽  
Derivatives Of

Hemifacial Microsomia (HFM) is a congenital anomaly involving embryological derivatives of the first and second branchial arches and characterized mainly by mandibular hypoplasia and unilateral or bilateral microtia; although, other facial structures may be affected. It may have long-term effects on psychological development and social well-being, due to unaesthetic facial appearance, functional disturbances and complex medical treatments.

Design of green microorganized systems for decontamination of ecotoxicants

2008 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 1381-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anatoliy F. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Organophosphorus Compounds ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Micellar Phase ◽  
Straightforward Method ◽  
Cationic Detergents ◽  
Reactions With Nucleophiles ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Low Solubility

Due to population upsurge, pesticides (derivatives of organophosphorus acids included) find widespread use in agriculture. The toxicity and long-term environmental hazard of such compounds require detailed studies on decomposition mechanisms of the pesticides and development of efficient, readily available, and inexpensive systems for their decontamination. A simple and straightforward method for the decomposition of organophosphorus compounds involves their reactions with nucleophiles. Studies on the reactivity of "normal" and α-nucleophiles toward electron-deficient centers allowed us to state a number of basic principles on the nature of the α-effect. One of the most important conclusions is: It is unlikely that the structure variations in the known α-nucleophiles will result in higher reactivity than that of hydroxylamine anion. As a practical matter, the essential disadvantages of decomposition of organophosphorus compounds in water and organic solvents are: (i) instability of active nucleophiles and oxidizing agents, (ii) corrosiveness, and (iii) extremely low solubility of organophosphorus compounds in water. These dictate the strategy of further studies, namely, carrying out the reaction in microorganized media. The first research line involves the development of the functional imidazole-based detergents functionalized with α-nucleophilic fragments. A number of efficient detergents were first synthesized. An examination of the nucleophilicity of the functional fragments in water and in the micellar phase and quantitative assessment of the factors responsible for the micellar effects showed unambiguously that the main cause of the observed accelerations is the substrate concentrating in the micellar pseudophase. The second research line consists of studies on the reactivity of versatile oxidative/nucleophilic systems involving H2O2/activator and polyhalide ion organocomplexes in water, aqueous alcohols, and micelles of cationic detergents. The novel sources of "active" halogen are highly competitive both with conventional hazardous chlorine derivatives and "green" systems involving H2O2/activator.

Redox-active electrolyte for supercapacitor application

2014 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 179-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Frackowiak ◽  
Mikolaj Meller ◽  
Jakub Menzel ◽  
Dominika Gastol ◽  
Krzysztof Fic
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Electrolyte ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Active Species ◽  
Alkaline Solutions ◽  
Supercapacitor Application ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Physicochemical Measurements

This paper reports the electrochemical behaviour of supercapacitor carbon electrodes operating in different aqueous solutions modified by various redox-active species (hydroxybenzenes, bromine derivatives and iodide). Three dihydroxybenzenes with varying stereochemistry, i.e., –OH substitution, have been considered as electrolyte additives (0.38 mol L−1) in acidic, alkaline and neutral solutions. High capacitance values have been obtained, especially for the acidic and alkaline solutions containing 1,4-dihydroxybenzene (hydroquinone). Bromine derivatives of dihydroxybenzenes were also considered as the additive in alkaline solution for use as a supercapacitor electrolyte, and a significant increase in capacitance value was observed. The redox couple investigated next was an iodide/iodine system, where 2 mol L−1 NaI aqueous electrolyte was utilized. In this case, the most promising faradaic contribution during capacitor operation was achieved. In particular, stable capacitance values from 300–400 F g−1 have been confirmed by long-term galvanostatic cycling (over 100 000 cycles), cycling voltammetry and floating. The mechanism of pseudocapacitance phenomena was discussed and supported by electrochemical and physicochemical measurements, e.g., in situ Raman spectroscopy.

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