In vivo biocompatibility of diamond-like carbon films containing TiO2 nanoparticles for biomedical applications

AbstractHybrid diamond-like carbon (DLC) with incorporated titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticle coatings have low friction coefficient, high wear resistance, high hardness, biocompatibility, and high chemical stability. They could be employed to modify biomedical alloys surfaces for numerous applications in biomedical engineering. Here we investigate for the first time the in vivo inflammatory process of DLC coatings with incorporated TiO2 nanoparticles. TiO2-DLC films were grown on AISI 316 stainless-steel substrates using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The coated substrates were implanted in CF1 mice peritoneum. The in vivo cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of the samples were analyzed from macrophage lavage. Analysis in the first weeks after implantation could be helpful to evaluate the acute cytotoxicity generated after a possible inflammatory process. The in vivo results showed no inflammatory process. A significant increase in nitric oxide production on the uncoated substrates was confirmed through cytometry, and the coated substrates demonstrated biocompatibility. The presence of TiO2 nanoparticles enhanced the wound healing activity, due to their astringent and antimicrobial properties. DLC and TiO2-DLC coatings were considered biocompatible, and the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles reduced the inflammatory reactions, increasing DLC biocompatibility.

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Fluorinated Diamond-Like Carbon Films Produced by Plasma Immersion Ion Processing Technique

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-593-285 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 593 ◽

Author(s):

M. Hakovirta ◽

D. H. Lee ◽

X. M. He ◽

M. Nastasi

Keyword(s):

High Hardness ◽

Processing Technique ◽

Carbon Films ◽

Glow Discharge Plasma ◽

Diamond Like Carbon ◽

Elastic Recoil ◽

Dlc Coatings ◽

Elastic Recoil Detection ◽

Wetting Properties ◽

Detection Analysis

ABSTRACTFluorinated diamond-like carbon (F-DLC) coatings were deposited on polished silicon substrates with plasma immersion ion processing (PIIP) technique. In the PIIP technique, pulsed glow discharge plasma from a mixture of acetylane and hexafluoroethane gases was used. Contact angle measurements were performed in order to see the un-wetting properties of the coatings. The film composition was measured with Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA) and the hardness was measured with a Nanoindenter® II. The results clearly show that the un-wetting properties and hardness are strongly dependent on the fluorine incorporation in the F-DLC coatings. With optimized gas ratio of acetylane and hexafluoroethane gases, a combination of extremely good un-wetting properties and high hardness was achieved.

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The Influence of the Temperature Increase on the Tribological Behavior of DLC Films by RF-PECVD

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.301 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 326-328 ◽

pp. 301-304 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yong Kyung Cho ◽

Hong Gyu Jeon ◽

Dae Hyun Cho ◽

Young Ze Lee

Keyword(s):

Friction Coefficient ◽

Elevated Temperatures ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

High Hardness ◽

Optical Microscope ◽

Carbon Films ◽

Diamond Like Carbon ◽

Friction Behavior ◽

Dlc Film ◽

Atomic Force

DLC (Diamond Like Carbon) films show very desirable surface interactions with high hardness, low friction coefficient, and good wear-resistance properties. The friction behavior of hydrogenated DLC film is dependent on tribological environment, especially surrounding temperature. In this work, the tribological behaviors of DLC (Diamond-like carbon) films, prepared by the radio frequency plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (RF-PECVD) method, were studied in elevated temperatures. The ball-on-disk tests with DLC films on steel specimens were conducted at a sliding speed of 60 rpm, a load of 10 N, and surrounding various temperatures of 25, 40, 55 and 75. The results show considerable dependency of DLC tribological parameters on temperature. The friction coefficient decreased as the surrounding temperature increased. After tests the wear tracks of hydrogenated DLC film were analyzed by optical microscope, scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The surface roughness and 3-D images of wear track were also obtained by an atomic force microscope (AFM).

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Influence on the Proprieties of PET Coated Diamond-Like Carbon Film for Different Preparing Condition by PECVD

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.80-81.104 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 80-81 ◽

pp. 104-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Gai Mei Zhang ◽

Qiang Chen ◽

Wen Cai Xu ◽

Fei Pan ◽

Bao Ping Miao

Keyword(s):

Binding Capacity ◽

Carbon Film ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

High Hardness ◽

Barrier Properties ◽

High Wear Resistance ◽

Diamond Like Carbon ◽

Dlc Coating ◽

Atomic Force ◽

Pet Film

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films exhibit high hardness, high wear resistance and a low friction coefficient. They are extensively utilized in the mechanical, electronic and biomedical industries. Due to the gas barrier properties, it is used in the food industry also. To investigate the binding capacity of the DLC with the substrate and reduce the contamination for foods. The DLC (a-C: H) films on the glass slide and PET film were prepared successfully for different process parameters by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). In order to characterize the DLC film, the images of DLC was visualized by the atomic force microscope (AFM). The films were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (RTIF). The contact angle and oxygen permeation analyzer (OTR) of the PET with and without the DLC coating were investigated experimentally. The results show that the DLC coating can improve the barriers and surface properties.

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Surface studies of diamond-like carbon films grown by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

Surface and Interface Analysis ◽

10.1002/sia.3371 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 42 (12-13) ◽

pp. 1702-1705 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

R. Maheswaran ◽

R. Sivaraman ◽

O. Mahapatra ◽

P. C. Rao ◽

C. Gopalakrishnan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽

Vapor Deposition ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Carbon Films ◽

Diamond Like Carbon ◽

Surface Studies

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Effects of nitrogen trifluoride on the growth and properties of plasma-enhanced chemical-vapor-deposited diamond-like carbon films

Journal of Electronic Materials ◽

10.1007/bf02661661 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 347-352 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

S. S. Ang ◽

G. Sreenivas ◽

W. D. Brown ◽

H. A. Naseem ◽

R. K. Ulrich

Keyword(s):

Chemical Vapor ◽

Carbon Films ◽

Diamond Like Carbon ◽

Nitrogen Trifluoride ◽

Chemical Vapor Deposited

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Atomic Force Microscopic Observations of Diamond-like Carbon (DLC) Films Produced by Plasma Immersion and Fibroblasts Cultured on DLC

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927605050944 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 11 (S03) ◽

pp. 82-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. T. Uzumaki ◽

C. S. Lambert ◽

A. R. Santos Jr. ◽

C. A. C. Zavaglia

Keyword(s):

Corrosion Resistance ◽

Electrochemical Impedance ◽

Corrosion Behaviour ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Chemical Vapour ◽

High Wear Resistance ◽

Diamond Like Carbon ◽

Good Adhesion ◽

Dlc Coatings ◽

High Adhesion

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have been intensively studied with a view to improving orthopaedic implants. Studies have indicated smoothness of the surface, low friction, high wear resistance, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility [1-4]. DLC coatings can be deposited using various techniques, such as plasma assisted chemical vapour deposition (PACVD), magnetron sputtering, laser ablation, and others [5]. However it has proved difficult to obtain films which exhibit good adhesion. The plasma immersion process, unlike the conventional techniques, allows the deposition of DLC on three-dimensional workpieces, even without moving the sample, without an intermediate layer, and with high adhesion [6], an important aspect for orthopaedic articulations. In our previous work, DLC coatings were deposited on silicon and Ti-13Nb-13Zr alloy substrates using the plasma immersion process for the characterization of microstructure, mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour [7-9]. Hardness, measured by a nanoindenter, ranged from 16.4-17.6 GPa, the pull test results indicate the good adhesion of DLC coatings to Ti-13Nb-13Zr, and electrochemical assays (polarization test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy) indicate that DLC coatings produced by plasma immersion can improve the corrosion resistance [9].

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Formation of Diamond-Like Carbon Films by Photoemission-Assisted Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition

Japanese Journal of Applied Physics ◽

10.7567/jjap.52.110123 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 52 (11R) ◽

pp. 110123 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Meng Yang ◽

Susumu Takabayashi ◽

Shuichi Ogawa ◽

Hiroyuki Hayashi ◽

Radek Ješko ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Vapor Deposition ◽

Vapor Deposition ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Carbon Films ◽

Diamond Like Carbon

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Precision Coating of ta-C Films on Quartz Surfaces

JSME 2020 Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing/Materials and Processing ◽

10.1115/lemp2020-8589 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kotaro Kawai ◽

Yuki Hirata ◽

Hiroki Akasaka ◽

Naoto Ohtake

Keyword(s):

Cutting Tools ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

High Hardness ◽

Carbon Films ◽

Vacuum Arc ◽

High Wear Resistance ◽

Chemical Inertness ◽

Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc ◽

Surface Morphologies

Abstract Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films have excellent properties such as high hardness, low friction coefficient, high wear resistance, chemical inertness and so on. Because DLC film is considered as an effective coating material to improve their surface properties, this films are used in various applications such as parts for automobiles engines, hard disk surfaces, cutting tools and dies, and so on. DLC films consist of a mixture of sp2 bonded carbon atoms and sp3 bonded carbon atoms. Among them, ta-C film is known as the hardest and strongest film since it mainly consists of sp3 bonded carbon atoms. One of deposition methods to form ta-C is Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc (FCVA). The characteristic of this method is that it is possible to remove the droplets and form a high-quality film.. However, even though lots of mechanical components which require ta-C coating have three-dimensionally shapes, it is difficult to coat ta-C film three dimensionally by using FCVA process. At present, researches on 3D deposition of amorphous carbon films on three dimensional components is still insufficient, and investigation reports on the deposition mechanism and characterization of the deposited films are even more limited. In this study, we tried to deposit films on 3D components by the FCVA method and evaluated the microstructure and surface morphologies of films. Although films were coated successfully in the entire surfaces, different properties were showed depending on the location of components. These properties were investigated by Raman spectroscopy and laser microscope.

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