scholarly journals Interaction of Psychopathic Traits Dimensions in the Prediction of Psychological and Physical Child-to-Parent Violence in Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Del Hoyo-Bilbao ◽  
Izaskun Orue ◽  
Esther Calvete
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Model ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Psychopathic Trait ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Predictive Relationships ◽  
Longitudinal Relationships

AbstractThis study examined the longitudinal relationships between three psychopathic trait dimensions (callous-unemotional, CU; grandiose-manipulative, GM; and impulsive-irresponsible, II) and their interaction in the prediction of psychological and physical child-to-parent violence (CPV). Furthermore, the study examined whether the predictive relationships were different for boys and girls. A total of 765 adolescents (463 girls), with a mean age of 15.28 years (SD = 1.04), completed measures of the psychopathic trait dimensions (CU, GM, and II) and psychological and physical CPV at the beginning of the study and six months later. At the cross-sectional level, all the psychopathic trait dimensions were related to psychological and physical CPV, although the effect sizes were small. At the longitudinal level, II predicted increased psychological CPV. A significant three-way interaction between the three psychopathic trait dimensions (CU, GM, and II) indicated that the longitudinal association between II and physical CPV was higher for adolescents with high CU and low GM. However, the predictive model did not differ for boys and girls.

scholarly journals Bidirectional Longitudinal Relationships Between Homebound Status and Falls Among Older Adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 267-268
Author(s):  
Minhui Liu ◽  
Yuxiao Li ◽  
Xiaocao Sun ◽  
Christina Miyawaki ◽  
Tianxue Hou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bidirectional Association ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Generalized Estimation Equation ◽  
Homebound Older Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Relationships

Abstract Research has shown an association between homebound status and falls among older adults. However, this association was primarily drawn from cross-sectional studies. Using the National Health and Aging Trends Study, we examined 1) whether prior-wave falls predicted homebound status in a later wave in 2,916 non-homebound participants in Wave 1 and 2) whether prior-wave homebound status predicted falls in 2,512 participants with no falls in Wave 1. Homebound status (non-homebound and homebound) was determined by the frequency, difficulty, and needing help of outdoor mobility. Falls were ascertained by asking participants whether they had a fall in the last year. Generalized estimation equation models were used to examine their bidirectional association, adjusting for demographics, health-related, and behavioral factors. Participants who had fallen in later waves were more likely to be older non-Hispanic black, comorbid, and have more pain, depression, disabilities, worse health status vision impairment, and low physical activities. Participants who were homebound in later waves tended to older, female, non-Hispanic black, less-educated, living alone or with others only, comorbid, obese, and have more pain, depression, disabilities, worse health status, more hospitalizations, vision and hearing problems, and low physical activities. Previous falls significantly predicted later homebound status (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.09-1.50). Prior wave homebound status also significantly contributed to falls in the next year (adjusted OR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.12-1.46). The bidirectional longitudinal association between homebound status and falls suggests a vicious circle between them. Fall prevention programs should particularly target homebound older adults for falls reduction.

Traumatic Brain Injury and Psychopathic Features Among Juvenile Offenders: Does it Matter Which Traits?

2021 ◽  
pp. 0306624X2110492
Author(s):  
Lindamarie Olson ◽  
Michael G. Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

Psychopathic traits and a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) are common among imprisoned individuals. Although previous research has examined correlates of TBI among juvenile offenders, little research has explored the relationship between psychopathic traits and TBI among this population. Study objectives included: (1) examine the association between the history of a TBI and psychopathic traits among juvenile offenders and (2) determine if the history of a TBI predicts the manifestation of different psychopathic factors among juvenile offenders. Cross-sectional data from the Multidimensional Youth Residential Inventory consisted of 226 juvenile offenders. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. Results of linear regression analyses showed that history of a TBI significantly predicted callous unemotional and impulsive irresponsible traits. Clinical implications suggest early intervention is needed to treat the potential long-term effects of TBIs and the development of psychopathic traits. Recommendations for further research are discussed.

scholarly journals Association between triglyceride-glucose index and risk of arterial stiffness: a cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouling Wu ◽  
Luli Xu ◽  
Mingyang Wu ◽  
Shuohua Chen ◽  
Youjie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Arterial Stiffness ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression ◽  
Annual Growth ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tyg Index ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
The Cross

Abstract Background Triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index, a simple surrogate marker of insulin resistance, has been reported to be associated with arterial stiffness. However, previous studies were limited by the cross-sectional design. The purpose of this study was to explore the longitudinal association between TyG index and progression of arterial stiffness. Methods A total of 6028 participants were derived from the Kailuan study. TyG index was calculated as ln [fasting triglyceride (mg/dL) × fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Arterial stiffness was measured using brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Arterial stiffness progression was assessed by the annual growth rate of repeatedly measured baPWV. Multivariate linear regression models were used to estimate the cross-sectional association of TyG index with baPWV, and Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate the longitudinal association between TyG index and the risk of arterial stiffness. Results Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that each one unit increase in the TyG index was associated with a 39 cm/s increment (95%CI, 29–48 cm/s, P < 0.001) in baseline baPWV and a 0.29 percent/year increment (95%CI, 0.17–0.42 percent/year, P < 0.001) in the annual growth rate of baPWV. During 26,839 person-years of follow-up, there were 883 incident cases with arterial stiffness. Participants in the highest quartile of TyG index had a 58% higher risk of arterial stiffness (HR, 1.58; 95%CI, 1.25–2.01, P < 0.001), as compared with those in the lowest quartile of TyG index. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis showed a significant dose–response relationship between TyG index and the risk of arterial stiffness (P non-linearity = 0.005). Conclusion Participants with a higher TyG index were more likely to have a higher risk of arterial stiffness. Subjects with a higher TyG index should be aware of the following risk of arterial stiffness progression, so as to establish lifestyle changes at an early stage.

Cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between psychological violence and teacher burnout

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine Nesello Melanda ◽  
Denise Albieri Jodas Salvagioni ◽  
Arthur Eumann Mesas ◽  
Alberto Durán González ◽  
Pedro Henrique Ramos Cerqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Burnout ◽  
Psychological Violence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Relationships

scholarly journals Inverse Cross-sectional and Longitudinal Relationships between Diabetic Retinopathy and Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Type 2 Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 100011
Author(s):  
Jakob Grauslund ◽  
Lonny Stokholm ◽  
Anne S. Thykjær ◽  
Sören Möller ◽  
Caroline S. Laugesen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Longitudinal Relationships

scholarly journals Longitudinal association between CRP levels and risk of psychosis: a meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele F. Osimo ◽  
Luke Baxter ◽  
Jan Stochl ◽  
Benjamin I. Perry ◽  
Stephen A. Metcalf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Continuous Variable ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Suspected Infection ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractMeta-analyses of cross-sectional studies suggest that patients with psychosis have higher circulating levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) compared with healthy controls; however, cause and effect is unclear. We examined the prospective association between CRP levels and subsequent risk of developing a psychotic disorder by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of population-based cohort studies. Databases were searched for prospective studies of CRP and psychosis. We obtained unpublished results, including adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, and socioeconomic status and suspected infection (CRP > 10 mg/L). Based on random effect meta-analysis of 89,792 participants (494 incident cases of psychosis at follow-up), the pooled odds ratio (OR) for psychosis for participants with high (>3 mg/L), as compared to low (≤3 mg/L) CRP levels at baseline was 1.50 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–2.07). Evidence for this association remained after adjusting for potential confounders (adjusted OR [aOR] = 1.31; 95% CI, 1.03–1.66). After excluding participants with suspected infection, the OR for psychosis was 1.36 (95% CI, 1.06–1.74), but the association attenuated after controlling for confounders (aOR = 1.23; 95% CI, 0.95–1.60). Using CRP as a continuous variable, the pooled OR for psychosis per standard deviation increase in log(CRP) was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.93–1.34), and this association further attenuated after controlling for confounders (aOR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.90–1.27) and excluding participants with suspected infection (aOR = 1.07; 95% CI, 0.92–1.24). There was no association using CRP as a categorical variable (low, medium or high). While we provide some evidence of a longitudinal association between high CRP (>3 mg/L) and psychosis, larger studies are required to enable definitive conclusions.

Smoking and drinking among alcoholics in treatment: cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships.

2000 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
S B Gulliver ◽  
D Kalman ◽  
D J Rohsenow ◽  
S M Colby ◽  
C A Eaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Longitudinal Relationships

scholarly journals Psychopathic Traits in Childhood: Insights from Parental Warmth and Fearless Temperament via Conscience Development

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 923
Author(s):  
Laura López-Romero ◽  
Olalla Cutrín ◽  
Lorena Maneiro ◽  
Beatriz Domínguez-Álvarez ◽  
Estrella Romero
Keyword(s):  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Parental Warmth ◽  
Mediation Effects ◽  
Child Conduct Problems ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Callous Unemotional ◽  
Early Parenting ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The role of psychopathic traits in predicting more serious and persistent patterns of child conduct problems has been well documented. The jointly presence of interpersonal (grandiose–deceitful), affective (e.g., callous–unemotional), and behavioral psychopathic traits (impulsive–need of stimulation) identifies a group of children at increased risk of psychosocial maladjustment. The present study aims to disentangle the underlying mechanisms by examining how early parenting (i.e., warmth) and child temperament (i.e., fearlessness) predict later psychopathic traits, via conscience development (CD). Data were collected in a large sample of children (n = 2.266; 48.5% girls), aged 3 to 6 at the onset of the study (Mage = 4.25; SD = 0.91), who were followed up one and two years later. The results showed direct effects from fearlessness to interpersonal and behavioral psychopathic traits. Parental warmth, fearless temperament, and their interaction, predicted CD, which, in turn, showed a negative effect on psychopathic traits. The indirect effects indicated significant negative mediation effects of warmth through CD on psychopathic traits, which seem to be stronger when children present lower levels of fearlessness. Overall, these results contribute to better understand the development of child psychopathic traits and provide additional insight on effective strategies that will help to restrain the potential development of a high-risk profile in early childhood.

HUBUNGAN INTELEGENSI DENGAN PERILAKU NERS TINGKAT II STIKES SANTA ELISABETH MEDAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Imelda Derang
Keyword(s):  
Student Nurses ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intelligence Level ◽  
Level Ii ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Relationship

Intelligence is the ability to apply the knowledge and experiences that have been gained into the effort tasks are challenging and flexible book. Behaviour is an action that involves aspects of affective, cognitive, and psychomotor. Goal: This study aims to determine the relationship between the behavior of student nurses intelligence level II STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan. Method: This study uses correlation with cross sectional design. The study population was all students / i Ners Level II STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan as 65. The samples used were 65 respondents, the sampling technique in this research is using purposive sampling. The instrument of this study using questionnaire and observation sheets by using product moment test person. Result: Intelligence students as many as 30 people (46.2%) classified as having an average level of intelligence. A total of 32 people (49.2%) classified as well-behaved students. Person product moment test results obtained p value = 0.172 where a significant level of p> 0.05 so that this value proves that the absence of a relationship between the behavior of student nurses intelligence level II STIKes Santa Elisabeth Medan. Conclusion: Recommended for institutions, motivating students in balancing the behavior and intelligence. 

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