scholarly journals Thermal degradation of crab shell biomass, a nitrogen-containing carbon precursor

2020 ◽  
Vol 142 (1) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Sebestyén ◽  
Emma Jakab ◽  
Andrea Domán ◽  
Péter Bokrossy ◽  
Imre Bertóti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Adsorbent ◽  
Carbon Adsorbents ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Two Temperatures

Abstract Waste and low-cost lignocellulosic biomasses are well studied and widely used as raw materials for porous carbon adsorbents. Much less attention is given to the exploration of the potential of marine biomasses, though these materials contain also nitrogen, which—if preserved during the processing—has a beneficial influence on the sorption properties of the porous carbon obtained. Here, we report a multi-technique investigation into the conversion of crab shell to porous carbon adsorbent. Thermogravimetry and pyrolysis-GC/MS studies were used to reveal the thermal degradation of this natural polymer and follow the decomposition process through the identification of the products. Almost 40 various volatile degradation products were distinguished released at 500 °C pyrolysis temperature. Based on the TGA/DTG results, two temperatures, 350 and 500 °C, were selected to obtain pyrolytic samples in macroscopic quantities in order to characterize the morphology and surface chemistry of the solid fraction. More than 50% of the nitrogen atoms were still in the carbonaceous matrix after the 500 °C pyrolysis in the C–N=C, C–NH and 3C–N-type bonds. The ash content < 1% included hydroxylapatite-type crystalline matter. Based on these results, we may conclude that crab shells have a high potential as precursor of nitrogen-containing biochar.

scholarly journals Micro-Structure Determines the Intrinsic Property Difference of Bio-Based Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon—A Case Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1765
Author(s):  
Yingfang Jiang ◽  
Yanxia Liu ◽  
Yagang Zhang ◽  
Yidan Chen ◽  
Xingjie Zan
Keyword(s):  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Intrinsic Property ◽  
Nitrogen Doped ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Cottonseed Hull ◽  
And Performance

Biomass-derived porous carbon materials have drawn considerable attention due to their natural abundance and low cost. In this work, nitrogen-doped porous carbons with high nitrogen content and large surface areas were designed and prepared from cottonseed hull and cattail. The two plant-based biomass compositions are similar, but the structures are very different, generating distinctly different property and performance of the prepared carbon materials. NRPC-112 has good electrochemical properties, while CN800 has good adsorption properties. By comparing the microstructure differences between the two starting materials, it was found that the structure of the raw materials would significantly affect the properties and performance of the materials. The work provided an important theoretical basis and reference for the selection of bio-resources for preparing carbon material. It is also important for choosing the appropriate synthesis method, process optimization, and application scenarios.

scholarly journals Regenerasi In-Situ Adsorben Karbon Aktif Tipe Granul dengan Metode Termal

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Yanti Suprianti ◽  
Annisa Syafitri Kurniasetyawati
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carbon Adsorbent ◽  
Thermal Method ◽  
Adsorption Of Co2 ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2 ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Produk biogas memiliki spesifikasi yang masih perlu ditingkatkan (mengandung metana, CH4 50-70%, dan karbon dioksida, CO2 30 – 49%), agar dapat bersaing dengan gas alam, yaitu lebih dari 98% metana. Metode pemurnian melalui adsorpsi CO2 paling banyak diterapkan, karena tidak memerlukan biaya tinggi, jika dibandingkan teknologi pemisahan konvensional lain. Tetapi, media adsorben karbon aktif akan mengalami kejenuhan dalam waktu tertentu. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk meregenerasi karbon aktif yang jenuh oleh CO2 yaitu dengan peningkatan temperatur melalui metoda termal. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan regenerasi in-situ dengan peningkatan temperatur karbon aktif di dalam kolom adsorpsi-desorpsi, dengan alat dapat mengakomodasi tiga pola operasi, yaitu adsorpsi, regenerasi/desorpsi, dan pengosongan gas. Alat terdiri atas kolom yang dilengkapi perpipaaan, blower pendorong udara, heater dan thermostat untuk pemanas dan pengatur temperatur udara. Hasil uji alat menunjukkan bahwa durasi proses adsorpsi hingga mencapai kejenuhan adalah 30 menit pada siklus pertama dan 40 menit pada siklus kedua. Selanjutnya, durasi proses desorpsi dari siklus pertama hingga ketiga menunjukkan peningkatan linier, dipengaruhi oleh temperatur udara pemanas, dengan penurunan konsentrasi Ca(OH)2 hingga masih menunjukkan tren peningkatan. Setelah dilakukan tiga siklus proses adsorspi-desorpsi didapatkan bahwa performa dari karbon aktif masih belum mengalami penurunan kapasitas.Biogas have certain specifications that need to be improved (contain methane, CH4, 50-70%, and carbon dioxide, CO2, 30-49%), in order to compete with natural gas ( >98% methane). The adsorption of CO2 is the most widely applied to purify biogas since it considered as low cost, in terms of energy supply and raw materials. However, activated carbon adsorbent will be saturated and must be regenerated. One of the methods that can be used to regenerate CO2-saturated activated carbon is using thermal method. In this research, the in-situ regeneration was carried out by increasing temperature of the activated carbon in adsorption-desorption column, which accommodate three operating patterns, namely adsorption, regeneration/desorption, and gas discharge. The tool consists of columns, piping, blower, heater and thermostat for air heating and controlling temperature. The result showed that the saturation time was 30 minutes and 40 minutes, respectively in 1st and 2nd cycle. The duration of the desorption from the 1st to 3rd cycle showed a linear trend, influenced by heating air temperature. And the reduction in Ca(OH)2 concentration still showed increasing trend after three adsorption-desorption cycles carried out, so the performance or adsorption capacity of activated carbon had not yet been decreased.

Bamboo Waste-based Bio-composite Substance: An application for Low-cost Construction Materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
Teodoro Astorga Amatosa ◽  
Michael E. Loretero
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Experimental Medium ◽  
Natural Treatment

Bamboo is a lightweight and high-strength raw materials that encouraged researchers to investigate and explore, especially in the field of biocomposite and declared as one of the green-technology on the environment as fully accountable as eco-products. This research was to assess the technical feasibility of making single-layer experimental Medium-Density Particleboard panels from the bamboo waste of a three-year-old (Dendrocalamus asper). Waste materials were performed to produce composite materials using epoxy resin (C21H25C105) from a natural treatment by soaking with an average of pH 7.6 level of sea-water. Three different types of MDP produced, i.e., bamboo waste strip MDP (SMDP), bamboo waste chips MDP (CMDP) and bamboo waste mixed strip-chips MDP (MMDP) by following the same process. The experimental panels tested for their physical-mechanical properties according to the procedures defined by ASTM D1037-12. Conclusively, even the present study shows properties of MDP with higher and comparable to other composite materials; further research must be given better attention as potential substitute to be used as hardwood materials, especially in the production, design, and construction usage.

Low-Cost Raw Materials Synthesized Na 2.9375PS 3.9375Cl 0.0625 Solid Electrolyte

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Wang ◽  
Nachuan Yang ◽  
Yi Shuai ◽  
Yunpeng Zhang ◽  
Kanghua Chen
Keyword(s):  
Solid Electrolyte ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost

Low cost earthworm manure-derived carbon material for the adsorption of Cu 2+ from aqueous solution: Impact of pyrolysis temperature

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Zhou ◽  
Zhanghong Wang ◽  
Dekui Shen ◽  
Fei Shen ◽  
Chunfei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Carbon Material ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Low Cost

scholarly journals Mechanisms and adsorption capacities of biochar for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants from industrial wastewater

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. G. Ambaye ◽  
M. Vaccari ◽  
E. D. van Hullebusch ◽  
A. Amrane ◽  
S. Rtimi
Keyword(s):  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Pyrolysis Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Adsorption Mechanisms ◽  
Adsorption Capacities ◽  
Temperature Solution

AbstractCurrently, due to the rapid growth of urbanization and industrialization in developing countries, a large volume of wastewater is produced from industries that contain chemicals generating high environmental risks affecting human health and the economy if not treated properly. Consequently, the development of a sustainable low-cost wastewater treatment approach has attracted more attention of policymakers and scientists. The present review highlights the recent applications of biochar in removing organic and inorganic pollutants present in industrial effluents. The recent modes of preparation, physicochemical properties and adsorption mechanisms of biochar in removing organic and inorganic industrial pollutants are also reviewed comprehensively. Biochar showed high adsorption of industrial dyes up to 80%. It also discusses the recent application and mechanism of biochar-supported photocatalytic materials for the degradation of organic contaminants in wastewater. We reviewed also the possible optimizations (such as the pyrolysis temperature, solution pH) allowing the increase of the adsorption capabilities of biochar leading to organic contaminants removal. Besides, increasing the pyrolysis temperature of the biochar was seen to lead to an increase in its surface area, while it decreases their amount of oxygen-containing functional groups, consequently leading to a decrease in the adsorption of metal (loid) ions present in the medium. Finally, the review suggests that more research should be carried out to optimize the main parameters involved in biochar production and its regeneration methods. Future efforts should be also carried out towards process engineering to improve its adsorption capacity to increase the economic benefits of its implementation.

Highly reversible aluminium-sulfur batteries through effective sulfur confinement with hierarchical porous carbon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Zhang ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Boya Wang ◽  
Shiman He ◽  
Shiqi Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Density ◽  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Hierarchical Porous Carbon ◽  
Hierarchical Porous ◽  
Application Prospects

Aluminium-sulfur (Al-S) batteries possess high research merits and application prospects owing to their high theoretical energy density, high safety and low cost. However, the deficiency of outstanding cathodes severely limits...

scholarly journals Design of Low-Cost and High-Strength Titanium Alloys Using Pseudo-Spinodal Mechanism through Diffusion Couple Technology and CALPHAD

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2910
Author(s):  
Chaoyi Ding ◽  
Chun Liu ◽  
Ligang Zhang ◽  
Di Wu ◽  
Libin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Couple ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
Cr System

The high cost of development and raw materials have been obstacles to the widespread use of titanium alloys. In the present study, the high-throughput experimental method of diffusion couple combined with CALPHAD calculation was used to design and prepare the low-cost and high-strength Ti-Al-Cr system titanium alloy. The results showed that ultra-fine α phase was obtained in Ti-6Al-10.9Cr alloy designed through the pseudo-spinodal mechanism, and it has a high yield strength of 1437 ± 7 MPa. Furthermore, application of the 3D strength model of Ti-6Al-xCr alloy showed that the strength of the alloy depended on the volume fraction and thickness of the α phase. The large number of α/β interfaces produced by ultra-fine α phase greatly improved the strength of the alloy but limited its ductility. Thus, we have demonstrated that the pseudo-spinodal mechanism combined with high-throughput diffusion couple technology and CALPHAD was an efficient method to design low-cost and high-strength titanium alloys.

Fabrication of a novel nitrogen-containing porous carbon adsorbent for protein-bound uremic toxins removal

2021 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 111879
Author(s):  
Yunhong Liu ◽  
Xinyan Peng ◽  
Zhudong Hu ◽  
Mingguang Yu ◽  
Jijun Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Porous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Adsorbent ◽  
Uremic Toxins

scholarly journals Molecular design revitalizes the low-cost PTV-polymer for highly efficient organic solar cells

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junzhen Ren ◽  
Pengqing Bi ◽  
Jianqi Zhang ◽  
Jiao Liu ◽  
Jingwen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Organic Solar Cells ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Molecular Design ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Stable Conformation ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Aggregation Effect ◽  
Industrialization Process

Abstract Developing photovoltaic materials with simple chemical structures and easy synthesis still remains a major challenge in the industrialization process of organic solar cells (OSCs). Herein, an ester substituted poly(thiophene vinylene) derivative, PTVT-T, was designed and synthesized in very few steps by adopting commercially available raw materials. The ester groups on the thiophene units enable PTVT-T to have a planar and stable conformation. Moreover, PTVT-T presents a wide absorption band and strong aggregation effect in solution, which are the key characteristics needed to realize high performance in non-fullerene-acceptor (NFA)-based OSCs. We then prepared OSCs by blending PTVT-T with three representative fullerene- and NF-based acceptors, PC71BM, IT-4F and BTP-eC9. It was found that PTVT-T can work well with all the acceptors, showing great potential to match new emerging NFAs. Particularly, a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 16.20% is achieved in a PTVT-T:BTP-eC9-based device, which is the highest value among the counterparts based on PTV derivatives. This work demonstrates that PTVT-T shows great potential for the future commercialization of OSCs.

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