Short-term but not long-term hypoglycaemia enhances plasma levels and hepatic expression of HSP72 in insulin-treated rats: an effect associated with increased IL-6 levels but not with IL-10 or TNF–α

AbstractBackgroundNowadays, yoga is endorsed and advised routinely to stay fit and healthy, as well as control many chronic diseases including diabetes type 2, hypertension, coronary artery diseases, etc. Now, our assumption is that those who do regular yoga have different persona than who do not do yoga regularly. We planned to test our hypothesis scientifically, and therefore baseline physiological characteristics with stress and inflammation levels in long-term and short-term meditators and healthy novice controls were analyzed.MethodsIn this retrospective analysis, 97 male participants were included for their Baseline analysis. Fifteen apparently healthy subjects practicing preksha meditation (since >5 years, at least 5 days a week) were included as long-term meditators (LTMs); 58 subjects who attended one of our short-term yoga-based lifestyle intervention programs for 2 weeks were included as short-term meditators (STMs); 24 male novice subjects, who did not participate in any yogic intervention, were included as healthy controls. Here, we analyzed the Baseline plasma levels of stress and inflammatory markers, cortisol, β-endorphin, interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in long-term meditators vs. short-term meditators vs. healthy controls.Outcome measuresThe study parameters body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), plasma levels of stress and immune markers, cortisol, β-endorphin (β-Ed), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were assessed in all the three groups at baseline.ResultsSignificant (p<0.05) differences were observed at baseline for plasma levels of stress and inflammatory markers as well as body mass index and systolic blood pressure among LTM vs. STM vs. healthy controls.ConclusionsOur observations suggest that the subjects who do regular yoga-meditation practice have better stress & inflammation status than comparable age matched healthy controls.

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Effects of Different Ambient Temperatures on Caecal Microbial Composition in Broilers

Polish Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.33073/pjm-2021-001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 70 (1) ◽

Author(s):

YUTING YANG ◽

XING LI ◽

ZHENHUI CAO ◽

YINGING QIAO ◽

QIUYE LIN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Temperature Stress ◽

Short Term ◽

Microbial Composition ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Cellular Processes ◽

Stress Biomarkers ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Shock Proteins ◽

Environmental Information Processing

Short-term or acute temperature stress affect the immune responses and alters the gut microbiota of broilers, but the influences of long-term temperature stress on stress biomarkers and the intestinal microbiota remains largely unknown. Therefore, we examined the effect of three long-term ambient temperatures (high (HC), medium (MC), and low (LC) temperature groups) on the gene expression of broilers’ heat shock proteins (Hsps) and inflammation – related genes, as well as the caecal microbial composition. The results revealed that Hsp70 and Hsp90 levels in HC group significantly increased, and levels of Hsp70, Hsp90, IL-6, TNF-α, and NFKB1 in LC group were significantly higher than in MC group (p < 0.05). In comparison with the MC group, the proportion of Firmicutes increased in HC and LC groups, while that of Bacteroidetes decreased in LC group at phylum level (p < 0.05). At genus level, the proportion of Escherichia/Shigella, Phascolarctobacterium, Parabacteroides, and Enterococcus increased in HC group; the fraction of Faecalibacterium was higher in LC group; and the percentage of Barnesiella and Alistipes decreased in both HC and LC groups (p < 0.05). Functional analysis based on communities’ phylogenetic investigation revealed that the pathways involved in environmental information processing and metabolism were enriched in the HC group. Those involved in cellular processes and signaling, metabolism, and gene regulation were enriched in LC group. Hence, we conclude that the long-term temperature stress can greatly alter the intestinal microbial communities in broilers and may further affect the host’s immunity and health.

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Factors mediating the hemodynamic effects of tumor necrosis factor-α in portal hypertensive rats

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1999.276.3.g687 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 276 (3) ◽

pp. G687-G693 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Javier Muñoz ◽

Agustín Albillos ◽

María Pérez-Páramo ◽

Irma Rossi ◽

Melchor Alvarez-Mon

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Tumor Necrosis Factor Α ◽

Portal Pressure ◽

Systemic Resistance ◽

Short Term ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Factor Α ◽

Necrosis Factor

Nitric oxide, prostacyclin, and glucagon have been implicated in promoting the hyperdynamic circulatory state of portal hypertension. Recent evidence also indicates that increased tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production is involved in the pathogenesis of this hemodynamic abnormality. This study was aimed at investigating in rats with portal vein stenosis (PVS) the effects on splanchnic hemodynamics of blocking circulating TNF-α and the factors mediating the vascular action of this cytokine in this setting. Anti-TNF-α polyclonal antibodies or placebo was injected into rats ( n = 96) before and 4 days after PVS (short-term inhibition) and at 24 h and 4, 7, 10 days after PVS (long-term inhibition). Short-term TNF-α inhibition reduced portal venous inflow and cardiac index and increased splanchnic and systemic resistance. Portal pressure was unchanged, but portal-systemic shunting was decreased. After long-term TNF-α inhibition, portal venous inflow and portal pressure were unchanged, but arterial pressure and systemic resistance rose significantly. Anti-TNF-α PVS rats exhibited lower increments of systemic resistance after N ω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester and indomethacin administration and lower serum levels of TNF-α, nitrates-nitrites, and 6-keto-PGF1α, both over the short and the long term. Serum glucagon levels rose after long-term inhibition. In conclusion, the specific role played by TNF-α in the development of the hyperdynamic state of portal hypertension appears to be mainly mediated through an increased release of nitric oxide and prostacyclin. Maintenance of the splanchnic hyperemia after long-term TNF-α inhibition could be due to a compensatory release of glucagon.

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Usage of whey protein may cause liver damage via inflammatory and apoptotic responses

Human & Experimental Toxicology ◽

10.1177/0960327114556787 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 34 (7) ◽

pp. 769-779 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

SG Gürgen ◽

AT Yücel ◽

AÇ Karakuş ◽

D Çeçen ◽

G Özen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Whey Protein ◽

Protein Diet ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Control Group ◽

Short Term ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Serum Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽

Group 2 ◽

Factor Α

The purpose of this study was to investigate the long- and short-term inflammatory and apoptotic effects of whey protein on the livers of non-exercising rats. Thirty rats were divided into three groups namely (1) control group, (2) short-term whey (WS) protein diet (252 g/kg for 5 days), and (3) long-term whey (WL) protein diet (252 g/kg for 4 weeks). Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and cytokeratin 18 (CK-18-M30) were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunohistochemical methods. Apoptosis was evaluated using the terminal transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) method. Hepatotoxicity was evaluated by quanitation of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Based on the biochemical levels and immunohistochemical results, the highest level of IL-1β was identified in the WL group ( p < 0.01). The IL-6 and TNF-α results were slightly lower in the WS group than in the control group and were highest in the WL group ( p < 0.01). The CK-18-M30 and TUNEL results were highest in the WS group and exhibited medium intensity in the WL group ( p < 0.01). AST results were statistically significant for all groups, while our ALT groups were particularly significant between the WL and control groups ( p < 0.01). The results showed that when whey protein is used in an uninformed manner and without exercising, adverse effects on the liver may occur by increasing the apoptotic signal in the short term and increasing inflammatory markers and hepatotoxicity in the long term.

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TNF-α inhibitors do not impair sperm quality in males with ankylosing spondylitis after short-term or long-term treatment

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keu007 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 53 (7) ◽

pp. 1250-1255 ◽

Cited By ~ 34

Author(s):

Mihaela C. Micu ◽

Romeo Micu ◽

Stela Surd ◽

Marinela Gîrlovanu ◽

Sorana D. Bolboacă ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽

Sperm Quality ◽

Term Treatment ◽

Short Term ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Long Term Treatment

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Short-Term Anti-CD4 Plus Anti-TNF-α Receptor Treatment in Allogeneic Small Bowel Transplantation Results in Long-Term Survival

Transplantation Journal ◽

10.1097/01.tp.0000280552.85779.d7 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 84 (5) ◽

pp. 639-646 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Jan M. Langrehr ◽

Kathrin Gube ◽

Markus H. Hammer ◽

Manfred Lehmann ◽

Dietrich Polenz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Small Bowel ◽

Small Bowel Transplantation ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Survival ◽

Long Term Survival ◽

Tnf Α

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Effect of short-term intralipid infusion on the immune response during low-dose endotoxemia in humans

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1152/ajpendo.00507.2007 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 294 (2) ◽

pp. E371-E379 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Rikke Krogh-Madsen ◽

Peter Plomgaard ◽

Thorbjorn Akerstrom ◽

Kirsten Møller ◽

Ole Schmitz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Plasma Levels ◽

Low Dose ◽

Isotonic Saline ◽

Saline Infusion ◽

Short Term ◽

Endotoxin Exposure ◽

Tnf Α

Novel anti-inflammatory effects of insulin have recently been described, and insulin therapy to maintain euglycemia suppresses the plasma levels of free fatty acids (FFA) and increases the survival of critically ill patients. We aimed to explore the effect of short-term high levels of plasma FFA on the inflammatory response to a low dose of endotoxin. Fourteen healthy male volunteers underwent the following two trials in a randomized crossover design: 1) continuous infusion of 20% Intralipid [0.7 ml·kg−1·h−1(1.54 g/kg)] for 11 h, and 2) infusion of isotonic saline for 11 h (control). In each trial, heparin was given to activate lipoprotein lipase, and an intravenous bolus of endotoxin (0.1 ng/kg) was given after 6 h of Intralipid/saline infusion. Blood samples and muscle and fat biopsies were obtained before the Intralipid/saline infusion and before as well as after infusion of an endotoxin bolus. Plasma levels of FFA, triglycerides, and glycerol were markedly increased during the Intralipid infusion. Endotoxin exposure induced an increase in plasma levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and neutrophils and further stimulated gene expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. The systemic inflammatory response to endotoxin was significantly pronounced during Intralipid infusion. Short-term hyperlipidemia enhances the inflammatory response to endotoxin, and skeletal muscle and adipose tissue are capable of producing essential inflammatory mediators after endotoxin stimulation.

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Chemosensitization by diverging modulation by short-term and long-term TNF-α action on ABCB1 expression and NF-κB signaling in colon cancer

International Journal of Oncology ◽

10.3892/ijo.2015.3189 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (6) ◽

pp. 2276-2285 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

WOLFGANG WALTHER ◽

DENNIS KOBELT ◽

LISA BAUER ◽

JUTTA AUMANN ◽

ULRIKE STEIN

Keyword(s):

Colon Cancer ◽

Short Term ◽

Tnf Α

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Conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) supports core claims of Christiansen and Chater

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x15000928 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 39 ◽

Author(s):

Mary C. Potter

Keyword(s):

Working Memory ◽

Rapid Serial Visual Presentation ◽

Language Comprehension ◽

Short Term Memory ◽

Visual Presentation ◽

Long Term Memory ◽

Short Term ◽

Term Memory ◽

Use Of Knowledge

AbstractRapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) of words or pictured scenes provides evidence for a large-capacity conceptual short-term memory (CSTM) that momentarily provides rich associated material from long-term memory, permitting rapid chunking (Potter 1993; 2009; 2012). In perception of scenes as well as language comprehension, we make use of knowledge that briefly exceeds the supposed limits of working memory.

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Ultrastructural investigations of MDL 19,660-induced effects on the canine platelet and megakaryocyte

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100159412 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 374-375

Author(s):

D.E. Loudy ◽

J. Sprinkle-Cavallo ◽

J.T. Yarrington ◽

F.Y. Thompson ◽

J.P. Gibson

Keyword(s):

Antidepressant Drug ◽

Beagle Dogs ◽

Long Term Effects ◽

Short Term ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Toxicological Studies ◽

Induced Aggregation ◽

Internal Architecture

Previous short term toxicological studies of one to two weeks duration have demonstrated that MDL 19,660 (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2,4-dihydro-2,4-dimethyl-3Hl, 2,4-triazole-3-thione), an antidepressant drug, causes a dose-related thrombocytopenia in dogs. Platelet counts started to decline after two days of dosing with 30 mg/kg/day and continued to decrease to their lowest levels by 5-7 days. The loss in platelets was primarily of the small discoid subpopulation. In vitro studies have also indicated that MDL 19,660: does not spontaneously aggregate canine platelets and has moderate antiaggregating properties by inhibiting ADP-induced aggregation. The objectives of the present investigation of MDL 19,660 were to evaluate ultrastructurally long term effects on platelet internal architecture and changes in subpopulations of platelets and megakaryocytes.Nine male and nine female beagle dogs were divided equally into three groups and were administered orally 0, 15, or 30 mg/kg/day of MDL 19,660 for three months. Compared to a control platelet range of 353,000- 452,000/μl, a doserelated thrombocytopenia reached a maximum severity of an average of 135,000/μl for the 15 mg/kg/day dogs after two weeks and 81,000/μl for the 30 mg/kg/day dogs after one week.

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