scholarly journals Is routine prenatal screening and testing fundamentally incompatible with a commitment to reproductive choice? Learning from the historical context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiota Nakou
Keyword(s):  
Prenatal Screening ◽  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Reproductive Choice ◽  
Reproductive Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Debate ◽  
Autonomous Decision ◽  
Early Use ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract An enduring ethical dispute accompanies prenatal screening and testing (PST) technologies. This ethical debate focuses on notions of reproductive choice. On one side of the dispute are those who have supported PST as a way to empower women’s reproductive choice, while on the other side are those who argue that PST, particularly when made a routine part of prenatal care, limits deliberate choice. Empirical research does not resolve this ethical debate with evidence both of women for whom PST enhances their choices but also persistent evidence of recurrent problems between PST and women’s autonomous decision-making. While there have been attempts to remove challenges to reproductive choice, it has been argued that these challenges cannot be removed entirely. In this paper I provide a historical review of PST technologies’ development and in doing so provide a detailed insight into the root causes of this tension between the opposing sides of this debate. This historical account provides evidence that those who championed the early use of these technologies did so in order to achieve a number of wholly different goals other than women’s choice and empowerment. These different aims focus on scientific discovery and eugenic goals and, I argue, are irreconcilable with women’s choice and empowerment. It thus may not be surprising that the resulting practice of PST continues to resist compatibility with women’s choice and empowerment. Ultimately, by understanding the historical foundations of PST we can more effectively assess how to reconcile women’s reproductive autonomy with routine prenatal screening.

Taxonomy of Rock-wallabies, Petrogale (Marsupialia: Macropodidae). II. An Historical Review.

1996 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
M.D.B Eldridge
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Discovery ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Skull Morphology ◽  
Indigenous Australian ◽  
Aboriginal Australians ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
Rocky Habitats

The indigenous Australian genus Petrogale (rock-wallabies) consists of small to medium sized macropodids that are found throughout mainland Australia. As their name implies, rock-wallabies live in rocky habitats, preferring steep rocky slopes, cliffs, gorges, rocky outcrops and boulder piles (Sharman and Maynes 1983a). Many rock-wallaby species are distinctively marked, brightly coloured and are amongst the most beautiful of all macropods. Although well known to Aboriginal Australians for (at least) tens of thousands of years, rock-wallabies were only "discovered" by European explorers and naturalists in the early 19th century. Considerable variation in size, pelage characteristics and skull morphology has lead to the formal scientific description of 26 taxa in the last 170 years. The history of the scientific "discovery" of Petrogale in Australia and their subsequent taxonomy is long and fascinating. It is a story dominated by uncertainty and considerable speculation surrounding the inter-relationships of many taxa. It is in this historical context of confusion and contradiction that the current comprehensive genetic studies of rock- wallabies have both their significance and their genesis.

Convulsive Disorders in Children, with Reference to Treatment with Ketogenic Diet

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-590
Author(s):  
CESARE T. LAMBROSO
Keyword(s):  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
Neonatal Seizures ◽  
General Outline ◽  
Ketogenic Diets ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Convulsive Disorders ◽  
Page Book ◽  
Insight Into

This 300-page book covers a wide range of so-called convulsive disorders in the pediatric age, such as neonatal seizures, febrile fits, breathholding spells, and "hypsarhythmia," as well as a review of antiepileptic drugs and a series of do and don't questions most often asked by anxious parents, supplied with well-thought-out answers. Some 80 pages are devoted to a historical review, a description of the principles and the actual practice of ketogenic diets, including necessary but often neglected tables. This section, although clearly out of proportion to the general outline of the book, is possibly its greatest contribution, for it not only offers practical aid in a most difficult therapeutic enterprise, but also affords the reader some insight into the author's own experience.

An Iskandarnāma of Nizami Produced for Ibrahim Sultan

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 235-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lâle Uluç
Keyword(s):  
Art History ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Visual Data ◽  
Military Leader ◽  
Basic Task ◽  
Works Of Art ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
The Way

This paper introduces a copy of the Iskandarnāma of Nizami dated 1435 and dedicated to the Timurid prince Ibrahim Sultan, grandson of the eponymous founder of the Timurid dynasty. It discusses the various features of the manuscript together with comparable examples from the same period, and also focuses on Abu al-Fath Ibrahim Sultan ibn Shah Rukh and his role as both a military leader and a patron of the arts during his tenure as the governor of the provinces of Fars, Kirman, and Luristan (1414–35). Utilizing the visual data together with the historical context of the period, this essay interprets one of the illustrations of the Iskandarnāma, hoping to fulfill what David Summers called “the most basic task of art history,” which he says “is to explain why works of art look the way they look.” The addition of this Iskandarnāma manuscript to the surviving corpus of works that can be connected to Ibrahim Sultan will provide a further insight into the important patronage of this Timurid prince.

scholarly journals Feedback intervention research historical review

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Saulius Olencevicius
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Intervention Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Future Research Direction ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Feedback Intervention ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

Feedback intervention research historically transformed focus from using single to using multidimensional factor analyses. Since researchers have been traditionally interested in determining how to predict future human behavior, the complexity of the feedback intervention research has grown gradually. The importance and multidimensionality of feedback construct on the individual level is presented by the key theories, which are reflected in the historical context, starting from the first “Law of effect”, up to the hybrid “Feedback Intervention Theory”. As a conclusion, possible future research direction is presented.

Catherine Zuckert on Machiavelli's New Understanding of Politics

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-282
Author(s):  
Vickie B. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Religion And Politics ◽  
Insight Into

AbstractCatherine Zuckert's Machiavelli's Politics offers an unprecedented interpretation of all of Machiavelli's major works. Her interpretation places Machiavelli in his historical context as he understood it and shows Machiavelli seeking a populist alternative in politics. Because her approach and her conclusion have been championed by scholars explicitly opposed to Strauss's interpretation of Machiavelli, she intervenes in the scholarly debates on Machiavelli by drawing seemingly opposed approaches closer together. Strauss acknowledges the importance of Machiavelli's historical situation and understands him as a type of democrat. Nevertheless, in highlighting the functioning of Machiavelli's republic, Zuckert directly challenges Strauss, who, she argues, focuses too narrowly on Machiavelli's war on Christianity to explicate fully Machiavelli's politics. Religion and politics, though, are inextricably linked in Machiavelli's thought, and his treatment of Christianity's ascendency offers insight into his new republicanism. Consideration of Montesquieu's commentary on Machiavelli underscores some of the excesses of the Florentine's political solutions.

Interactions between lexical and phonological development: cross-linguistic and contextual considerations – a commentary on Stoel-Gammon's ‘Relationships between lexical and phonological development in young children’

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATHERINE DEMUTH
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Phonological Development ◽  
Phonological Acquisition ◽  
Additional Insight ◽  
Lexical Development ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Early Use ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Phonological System

Stoel-Gammon (this issue) provides a welcome addition to the phonological acquisition literature, bringing together insights from long-standing and more recent research to address the relationship between the developing phonological system and the developing lexicon. A growing literature on children's early use of words across languages and phonological contexts provides additional insight into the nature of the interactions between phonological and lexical development, suggesting that learners' knowledge and connection of the two may develop much earlier than often thought. This commentary highlights some of these exciting results from recent cross-linguistic research on development between the ages of 1 and 3.

Bradyphrenia in parkinsonism: a historical review

1986 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorder ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Psychomotor Retardation ◽  
Subcortical Dementia

SynopsisThe development over the last 60 years of the concept of bradyphrenia, a syndrome including slowing of cognitive processing in parkinsonism, is described. Psychic akinesia and subcortical dementia are seen as more recent synonyms for this syndrome. Its relations to akinesia and the psychomotor retardation of depression are considered in a historical context, as are its implications for the relation of neurological and psychiatric disorder.

scholarly journals Sloboda indiferentnosti Ockhamov pojam slobode i iz njega proizlazeći moralni sustav prema Servaisu Pinckaersu

2017 ◽  
Vol 72. (3.) ◽  
pp. 316-316
Author(s):  
Tadija Milikić
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Moral Obligation ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Moral Issues ◽  
The Core ◽  
Moral Reality ◽  
Moral System ◽  
Theological Thought ◽  
Insight Into

The article strives to contribute to our grasp of Ockham’s concept of free will, notably from the perspective of the Belgian moral theologian Servais Pinckaers and his historical research in the field of Catholic morality. The first section of the article gives a brief insight into the historical context of Ockham’s moral–theological thought, while the remaining two sections which comprise the central part of the article, highlight the dismantling of the classic and the construction of a new moral system. Explained therein is the way in which Ockham’s voluntaristic concept of free will enables us to grasp moral obligation as the core and most crucial of moral issues, which determines the very essence of morality, and provides us with an understanding of moral reality in its entirety, that is, as a whole and also in its integral elements.

scholarly journals On James E. Bosson’s Translation of A Treasury of Aphoristic Jewels: The Subhsitarstnanidhi of Sa Skya Pandita in Tibetan and Mongolian

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Xin Huang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Source Language ◽  
The Social ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Language Text ◽  
Sa Skya Paṇḍita ◽  
Selection Of

From the perspective of history, literature and translatology, this article discusses in depth the translation of Bosson and holds that: (1) his selection of source language text (SLT) should be timely—his adaptation to the social and historical context of the United States and the theme of the era; (2) his interpretation of SLT is much accurate since Bosson has devoted all his life to Tibetan and Mongolian studies; however, there still exists some under-translation—the translation carries less information than the original, Bosson fails to reproduce the deep meanings of SLT related to Tibetan culture; (3) his literal translation or foreignization, making the version featured by a purely linguistic translation method, in order to help the intended readers to insight into the laws how to render the Mongolian, or Tibetan into English; and (4) his expression in the version tends to be colloquial, and be rich in foreignized expressions. All these reflect the subjectivity from Bosson, as a linguistic translator, non-literary translator. Furthermore, Bosson’s subjectivity is not only an adaptation to the social and historical context, the theme of the era, but also a limited transcendence of these constraints.

An Early Transpacific Account of the Spice Islands by Andrés de Urdaneta (1536)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Mojarro Romero
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Armed Conflict ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Insight Into

Andrés de Urdaneta (1508?–1568) tells the story of the ill-fated expedition of Jofre García de Loaysa (1490–1526), which was meant to consolidate the Spanish claim to the Spice Islands in the aftermath of the Magellan expedition. Urdaneta, a participant in the expedition who later made important contributions to Pacific navigation, covers the ill-fated voyage of Loaysa’s fleet as well as the armed conflict that ensued when the Spanish arrived in the Moluccas only to find the Portuguese already ensconced on the island of Ternate. This brief narrative provides an insight into a complex political and military situation, in which the rivalry between the two Iberian empires overlaps with the local rivalries of sixteenth-century insular Southeast Asia. Jorge Mojarro provides the necessary historical context.

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