scholarly journals On James E. Bosson’s Translation of A Treasury of Aphoristic Jewels: The Subhsitarstnanidhi of Sa Skya Pandita in Tibetan and Mongolian

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 301
Author(s):  
Xin Huang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Translation Method ◽  
Source Language ◽  
The Social ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Language Text ◽  
Sa Skya Paṇḍita ◽  
Selection Of

From the perspective of history, literature and translatology, this article discusses in depth the translation of Bosson and holds that: (1) his selection of source language text (SLT) should be timely—his adaptation to the social and historical context of the United States and the theme of the era; (2) his interpretation of SLT is much accurate since Bosson has devoted all his life to Tibetan and Mongolian studies; however, there still exists some under-translation—the translation carries less information than the original, Bosson fails to reproduce the deep meanings of SLT related to Tibetan culture; (3) his literal translation or foreignization, making the version featured by a purely linguistic translation method, in order to help the intended readers to insight into the laws how to render the Mongolian, or Tibetan into English; and (4) his expression in the version tends to be colloquial, and be rich in foreignized expressions. All these reflect the subjectivity from Bosson, as a linguistic translator, non-literary translator. Furthermore, Bosson’s subjectivity is not only an adaptation to the social and historical context, the theme of the era, but also a limited transcendence of these constraints.

Fired by the Ideal

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcella Bencivenni
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Italian Immigration ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Ideal

This chapter details the social, political and historical context out of which Italian anarchism emerged in New York City. Embracing a transnational approach, she charts the movement's early roots, its main leaders, geopolitical spaces and distinctive subculture starting from the late nineteenth century when the great Italian immigration to the United States began through the 1920s when the movement started to decline under the blows of governmental repression and postwar nativist calls for 100 percent Americanism.

The Thought of Peter Berger

1974 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-197
Author(s):  
David Cairns
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Construction Of Reality ◽  
Peter Berger ◽  
Protestant Churches ◽  
The Social ◽  
Sacred Canopy ◽  
Selection Of

This paper proposes to give some account and critique of Peter Berger's thought as contained in a selection of his books. No note will be taken of his witty and mordant critique of the Protestant Churches in the United States, The Noise of Solemn Assemblies (1961), nor yet of The Social Construction of Reality (1966), which is a more technical book than the others which will be dealt with here. These are The Precarious Vision (1961), Invitation to Sociology (1963), The Social Reality of Religion (1967) (more entertainingly entitled in its original American edition, The Sacred Canopy), and A Rumour of Angels (1968).

scholarly journals Global Transactions: Sudanese Refugees Sending Money Home

Refuge ◽  
2006 ◽  
pp. 28-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dianna J. Shandy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnographic Research ◽  
Unidirectional Flow ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Future ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Sudanese Refugees

This paper draws on ethnographic research in America and Ethiopia to explore the phenomenon of Sudanese (Nuer) refugee remittance from those in the diaspora to those who remain behind in Africa. Specifically it locates the unidirectional flow of cash within transnational flows of people, goods, and information. This multi-sited study explores the impacts of these transfers on both sides of the equation. It documents the importance of remittances as a vital component of survival and investment in the future for Nuer refugees in Ethiopia. Similarly it raises questions about the siphoning off of resources on the social, cultural, and economic integration of Sudanese in the United States. Finally, it situates remitting behaviour within a broader socio-historical context to explain its centrality in maintaining a Nuer community across national borders.

The Social Contributions of a Chinese Anglican Woman Intellectual

2018 ◽  
pp. 201-222
Author(s):  
Chen Ruiwen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Trinity College ◽  
The United States ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
The Social ◽  
Chinese Perspective ◽  
Christ Church ◽  
Social Contributions ◽  
Peasant Family ◽  
Insight Into

The author’s great-grandmother, Zhan Aimei, was born into a peasant family in rural Fujian and educated by British missionaries, becoming a Christian teacher, wife and mother. The trajectory of her life provides rare insight into the fruits of Anglican missionary work from a Chinese perspective. Zhan Aimei married a missionary-trained doctor, Lin Dao’an, and had ten children, the oldest of whom, Lin Buji, studied in the United States and became dean of Christ Church Cathedral and president of Trinity College Fuzhou. The author uses documents, interviews and missionary accounts to recreate the extraordinary life of an ordinary woman.

Dollars and $ense: Uncovering the Socio-Economic Benefit of Religious Congregations in Canada

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 587-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Wood Daly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Economic Benefit ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
The United States ◽  
Canadian Society ◽  
Religious Congregations ◽  
Social Return On Investment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Insight Into

Since the earliest days of religious worship, houses of worship have stood as symbols of meaning and value. In Canada, the social, spiritual and communal value of local worshipping congregations has long been accepted. Despite this widespread qualitative acknowledgement, few studies have considered the economic impact that these congregations provide directly to their surrounding communities. Drawing on recent research in the United States, this article offers the first quantitative national estimate of the socio-economic value of these religious congregations to Canadian society. This study offers insight into the socio-economic benefit, or “Halo Effect”, that Canadian congregations and places of worship have on their surrounding communities. The article offers two estimates, ranging in economic scope from the basic impact of congregational spending, to a more generous figure resulting from the application of Social Return on Investment (SROI) models.

To Catch a Tiger by Its Toe

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-169
Author(s):  
Chelsea Szendi Schieder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cold War ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Autonomy ◽  
Japanese Politics ◽  
Spiritual Movement ◽  
Klein’S Model ◽  
Insight Into

This article discusses a global theatrical spectacle that Moral Re-Armament (mra), a spiritual movement originating in the United States, produced in 1961. mra used contemporary protests in Japan, and actors ostensibly involved in them, as a strategy to bolster its authority in the context of U.S. Cold War policy in East Asia. How it claimed to represent Japan to the world and attempted to transform itself into the spokesman for the “Free World” offers insight into the symbolic position of East Asia in the United States and the areas it sought to influence during the early 1960s, a key moment in the intensifying U.S. involvement in East Asia, and offers a case through which to explore Christina Klein's model of “Cold War Orientalism.” mra tapped into this more inclusive discourse and also exploited ignorance in the United States about Japan to bolster widespread misconceptions about demonstrations in Tokyo. While introducing mra’s history, this essay teases out a gap between the reality and representation of Japanese politics and protest in the case of The Tiger, which reflects the historical context in which popular culture excluded real knowledge about how U.S. foreign policy affected, and often threatened, local political autonomy.

Factors Influencing Nondiscretionary Work Trips by Bicycle Determined from 1990 U.S. Census Metropolitan Statistical Area Data

1996 ◽  
Vol 1538 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Baltes
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Census Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽  
Unique Type ◽  
Bicycle Commuting ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Selection Of

An extensive range of factors that may have some influence on the selection of the bicycle as the mode for work trips is explored using data from metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) extracted from the 1990 U.S. census. Only data extractable from the census were used for analysis. The sample included 100 percent of MSAs in the United States. Regression analysis was used to provide insight into the contributory factors. The dependent variable used in the analysis was the percentage of the modal split captured by bicycle for work trips in each MSA. The findings from the analysis indicated that levels of bicycling vary greatly from metropolitan area to metropolitan area within the United States. MSAs with relatively high levels of nondiscretionary bicycling appear to have urban densities that promote shorter trips, relatively temperate year-round climates, and a large proportion of students, particularly college students. The strongest finding reinforces what is already well known about nondiscretionary travel by bicycle: commuting to work by bicycle is a behavior most prevalent in MSAs that have unique communities within their statistical boundaries, such as universities or colleges. According to 1990 U.S. census data, this unique type of MSA has the highest levels of bicycling.

Liberating Afghan Women

2004 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 70-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Gallagher
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Afghan Women ◽  
The Media ◽  
Policy Priority

Public opinion in the United States and elsewhere celebrated the liberation of Afghan women following the defeat of the Taliban government. The United States promised to stay in Afghanistan and foster security, economic development, and human rights for all, especially women. After years of funding various anti- Soviet Mujahidin warlords, the United States had agreed to help reconstruct the country once before in 1992, when the Soviet-backed government fell, but had lost interest when the warlords began to fight among themselves. This time, however, it was going to be different. To date, however, conditions have not improved for most Afghan women and reconstruction has barely begun. How did this happen? This article explores media presentations of Afghan women and then compares them with recent reports from human rights organizations and other eyewitness accounts. It argues that the media depictions were built on earlier conceptions of Muslim societies and allowed us to adopt a romantic view that disguised or covered up the more complex historical context of Afghan history and American involvement in it. We allowed ourselves to believe that Afghans were exotic characters who were modernizing or progressing toward a western way of life, despite the temporary setback imposed by the Taliban government. In Afghanistan, however, there was a new trope: the feminist Afghan woman activist. Images of prominent Afghan women sans burqa were much favored by the mass media and American policymakers. The result, however, was not a new focus on funding feminist political organizations or making women’s rights a foreign policy priority; rather, it was an unwillingness to fulfill obligations incurred during decades of American-funded mujahidin warfare, to face the existence of deteriorating conditions for women, resumed opium cultivation, and a resurgent Taliban, or to commit to a multilateral approach that would bring in the funds and expertise needed to sustain a long-term process of reconstruction.

Introduction

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Harris
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Art World ◽  
Dance History ◽  
The Core ◽  
Political Conditions ◽  
Global Art ◽  
Scholarly Attention

The introduction presents the core historiographical problem that Making BalletAmerican aims to correct: the idea that George Balanchine’s neoclassical choreography represents the first successful manifestation of an “American” ballet. While this idea is pervasive in dance history, little scholarly attention has been paid to its construction. The introduction brings to light an alternative, more complex historical context for American neoclassical ballet than has been previously considered. It places Lincoln Kirstein’s 1933 trip to Paris, famous for bringing Balanchine to the United States, within a transnational and interdisciplinary backdrop of modernism, during a time when the global art world was shifting significantly in response to the international rise of fascism. This context reverberates throughout to the book’s examination of American ballet as a form that was embedded in and responsive to a changing set of social, cultural, and political conditions over the period covered, 1933–1963.

Maternalist and Community Politics

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Reese ◽  
Ian Breckenridge-Jackson ◽  
Julisa McCoy
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Community Organizing ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The United States ◽  
Community Politics ◽  
Intersectionality Theory ◽  
Political Ideologies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Help Groups

This chapter explores the history of maternalist mobilization and women’s community politics in the United States. It argues that both “maternalism” and “community” have proved to be highly flexible mobilizing frames for women. Building on the insights of intersectionality theory, the authors suggest that women’s maternal and community politics is shaped by their social locations within multiple, intersecting relations of domination and subordination, as well as their political ideologies and historical context. The chapter begins by discussing the politically contradictory history of maternalist mobilization within the United States from the Progressive era to the present. It then explores other forms of women’s community politics, focusing on women’s community volunteerism, self-help groups, and community organizing. It discusses how these frames have been used both to build alliances among women and to divide or exclude women based on perceived differences and social inequalities based on race, nativity, class, or sexual orientation.

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