scholarly journals Renaming States—A Case Study: Changing the Name of the Hungarian State in 2011. Its Background, Reasons, and Aftermath

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 899-927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Takács
Keyword(s):  
Public Law ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Name Change ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legal Context ◽  
Hungarian State

Abstract A provision of the Hungarian constitution, adopted in 2011, has renamed the state. The name changed from the Republic of Hungary to Hungary, while the form of the state has remained “republic”. The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning, significance, and several consequences of this provision. The analysis consists of three main parts. The first one gives a general overview of the functions of the names of states. It claims that not only names but also changing or modifying names of states—taking place either by name-giving or by shaping convention—can serve certain functions. The second part focuses on the historical and constitutional details of renaming the Hungarian state, and summarizes the legal context that provided the framework for the 2011 renaming. The third part outlines the arguments for the change, takes a look at the official justification and actual reasons, and reveals some of the consequences of the name change in the past decade. The main contention of the paper is that the renaming of the Hungarian state that took place in 2011 lacked any overt and reasonable justification, and is best explained as an expression of anti-republican sentiment, which indicated, and partly paved the way for the transition into a kind of an authoritarian regime. Finally, the study raises a possible interpretation of the renaming of the Hungarian state in 2011, the point of which is that it adumbrated many later changes in public law and political systems.

FUNDAMENTALISM, BUREAUCRATIZATION, AND THE STATE'S CO-OPTATION OF RELIGION: A JORDANIAN CASE STUDY

2006 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard T. Antoun
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Middle East ◽  
The State ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Half Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Equal Duration ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Past Half

In the Middle East over the past half-century, three religious processes have grown together. One, the growth of fundamentalism, has received worldwide attention both by academics and journalists. The others, the bureaucratization of religion and the state co-optation of religion, of equal duration but no less importance, have received much less attention. The bureaucratization of religion focuses on the hierarchicalization of religious specialists and state co-optation of religion focuses on their neutralization as political opponents. Few commentators link the three processes. In Jordan, fundamentalism, the bureaucratization of religion (BOR), and state co-optation of religion (SCR) have become entwined sometimes in mutually supportive and sometimes in antagonistic relations. The following case study will describe and analyze the implications of this mutual entanglement for the relations of state and civil society and for the human beings simultaneously bureaucratized and “fundamentalized.”

Identifying the appropriate time band to determine the minimum night flow: a case study in Kinta Valley, Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 328-336
Author(s):  
Mohd Nordin Adlan ◽  
Jaber M. A. Alkasseh ◽  
Hj. Ismail Abustan ◽  
Abu Bakar Mohamad Hanif
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
The State ◽  
Income Generation ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
The Past ◽  
Minimum Night Flow ◽  
Non Revenue Water ◽  
Time Band

The average percentages of non-revenue water (NRW) for Malaysia and for the state of Perak in 2010 were 36.37 and 29.44%, respectively. These average percentages have led to lower income generation. This could create constraints on maintenance and operation of water reticulation systems. In this study, the appropriate time band of minimum night flow (MNF) and the actual water loss or amount of NRW for the district of Kinta in Perak, Malaysia were investigated. Flow and pressure in 361 zones in Perak were monitored for 24 h using PrimeWorks software. From the 361 zones, 30 study zones were randomly selected. The 30 study zones were geographically divided into three groups, with each group having 10 zones. Statistically, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test the variations in MNF among the three groups. The data of the flow for the 30 zones were screened from 1:00 to 5:00 am for the past 4 years. The frequency of MNF occurrences was analyzed every 15 min. The results show that the majority (84.2%) of the frequencies of MNF occurrences in the 30 study areas occurred from 2:15 to 4:15 am, whereas minimum frequencies were observed at 1:00, 1:15, and 5:00 am.

Free Speech, Sedition and the Constitution

1951 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 662-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert McCloskey
Keyword(s):  
Free Speech ◽  
Public Law ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial Process ◽  
The Past ◽  
Governmental Power ◽  
Fundamental Law

The state of modern jurisprudence is not inaptly reflected in the range of considerations to which this title might give rise. If the illusion of certitude still survived as a legal premise, if the judicial process were conceived in terms of “tidy formulas,” one could feel more assurance that the enterprise itself is meaningful and potentially fruitful. But if the past fifty years have taught us nothing else, they have made us aware of the complex and ambiguous evaluation of alternatives that underlies the judicially enforced command. Even the word “constitutionality,” which once seemed to express a coherent idea, has lost its definable contours as understanding of public law has progressed. The salutary result of all this is that we recognize the great network of imponderables which we must assess before declaring with confidence that a given exercise of governmental power conflicts with our fundamental law. But by the same token uncertainties have been multiplied, and flat statement and prediction have become increasingly hazardous. The penalty of understanding is doubt.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Labour NGOs and Chinese Workers in an Authoritarian Regime

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Chan
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
Political Regime ◽  
Collective Actions ◽  
Turn On ◽  
The Past ◽  
Chinese Workers ◽  
The Relationship

Labour NGOs have played a role, especially in southern China, in raising Chinese workers’ consciousness. This paper takes a historical perspective and argues that the relationship between labour NGOs and workers has changed in the past three decades, from one of workers’ dependency on Chinese labour NGOs and these NGOs’ dependency, in turn, on foreign NGOs in an asymmetrical relationship, to one more of partnership. More recently, some groups of workers have become cognisant of a divergence of interests between themselves and NGO advisors. The evolving relationship is analysed against the backdrop of an authoritarian political regime that necessitates all the actors to strategise in complex ways. A coordinated wave of strikes and other collective actions at Chinese Walmart stores in 2016 provides a case study.

scholarly journals Independent Publisher in the Networks of Translation

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Buzelin
Keyword(s):  
Research Programme ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ethnographic Approach ◽  
First Case ◽  
Translation Rights ◽  
Book Selling ◽  
Publishing Houses ◽  
The Way

Abstract Over the past ten years, the publishing and book selling industries (in Canada and elsewhere) have undergone a process of hyper-concentration that seems to threaten the future of independent publishing. How might this changing environment reflect on the attitudes of independent publishers toward translation and on the way they handle translation projects? This is the question this article seeks to examine. It is based on the first case study of a research programme that consists in following, by use of an ethnographic approach, the production process of literary translations in three independent Montréal-based publishing houses: from negotiations over the acquisition of translation rights to the launch of the translation. The article is divided into three parts. The first explains the rationale, methodology and ethics underlying this research; the second part tells the story of the title under study in a way that highlights the range of actors involved in the production of this translation, their own constraints and concerns, as well as the way publishing, editorial and linguistic/stylistic decisions intertwine. Based on this particular case, the third part discusses some of the strategies a publisher and his collaborators may devise in order to produce literary translations in an independent but network-based, competitive way. Particular emphasis is placed on strategies of cooperation such as co-translation and co-edition publishing, as well as on the role played by literary agents in the allocation of translation rights.

scholarly journals State Policies Towards Precarious Work: Employment and Unemployment in Contemporary Portugal

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (S24) ◽  
pp. 263-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Varela
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
State Policies ◽  
The State ◽  
Precarious Work ◽  
Labour Relations ◽  
The Third ◽  
Short Overview ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Welfare State

AbstractIn the context of the Global Collaboratory on the History of Labour Relations, in this article, we relate the analysis of precarious work in Portugal to the state, in particular, as a direct participant functioning as both employer and mediator. In the second part, we present a short overview of the evolution of casualization in the context of employment and unemployment in contemporary Portugal (1974–2014). In the third section, we discuss state policies on labour relations, particularly in the context of the welfare state. Finally, we compare this present analysis with Swedish research done from the perspective of the state as a direct participant and mediator over the past four decades.

German archaeology during the Third Reich, 1933–45: a case study based on archival evidence

Antiquity ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (291) ◽  
pp. 209-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Maischberger
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Politics ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Traditional Institutions ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Nazi Era ◽  
Locus Classicus

The history of the archaeological disciplines in Germany during the Nazi era can be considered as a locus classicus of nationalist interpretation and misuse of the past. For some time now, various efforts have been made to enhance our understanding of this period, including several aspects related to archaeology and cultural politics. Most studies have been carried on by modern historians, but also archaeologists have engaged in historiographical research on their own discipline. Some freqiiently cited works like Bollmus (1970) Kater (1974) and Losemann (1977) are still fundamental for our understanding of important aspects of Nazi cultural politics as well as the involvement of traditional institutions into the dictatorial system.

scholarly journals Nomadic economics: The logic and logistics of Comanche imperialism in New Mexico

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-355
Author(s):  
Lindsay M Montgomery
Keyword(s):  
New Mexico ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
Native People ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Empire Building ◽  
The Past

Over the past 20 years, scholars have expanded upon subsistence-driven models of indigenous labor and exchange by tracing out the dynamic social, economic, and political systems created by Native people. While current research has highlighted indigenous agency, especially in response to Western colonialism, these approaches have largely ignored the cultural and linguistic meanings behind key economic concepts. Through a case study of the Comanche, this article develops a culturally grounded approach to nomadic economics. The Comanche offer a compelling case for indigenous empire building, a case which points to the need to develop a revised understanding of imperialism. Drawing on documentary and archaeological evidence, this article traces the logic and logistics of Comanche imperialism in New Mexico. Specifically, I argue that during the 18th and early 19th centuries, Comanche people created a nomadic empire rooted in decentralized political power, kinship, and inter- and intra-ethnic exchange. This case study provides a glimpse into the priorities and practices of Comanche entrepreneurs and points to the important role of internal social dynamics in structuring indigenous forms of imperialism.

Non‐Political Caretaker Administrations and Democratic Elections in Bangladesh: An Assessment

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habib Zafarullah ◽  
Muhammad Yeahia Akhter
Keyword(s):  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
The State ◽  
Electoral Process ◽  
Authoritarian Rule ◽  
The Past ◽  
Democratic Elections ◽  
Important Purpose

The transition to democracy in bangladesh after the overthrow of the authoritarian regime in 1990 began with the formation of a non-political caretaker administration (NCA) to prepare the ground for the transfer of power to a popularly mandated government. Its other important purpose was to manage the affairs of the state during the interlude that separated the dissolution of the authoritarian regime (December 1990) and the complete installation of the democratically-elected government (September 1991) to rule the country in its own right.The need for this NCA was imperative in the wake of the dismantling of authoritarian rule. The attempts of the ousted regime to conduct a third election, while still in power, were not acceptable to its political adversaries, given the former's proven tendency to unduly inf luence the electoral process in the past.

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