Occurrence of on-farm risk factors and health effects of mycotoxins in dairy farms in Jordan

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 2371-2377
Author(s):  
Zuhair Bani Ismail ◽  
Farah Al-Nabulsi ◽  
Ehab Abu-Basha ◽  
Wael Hananeh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
On Farm

scholarly journals Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli Originating on Dairy Farms are an Infrequent Cause of Bacteriuria in Humans Living in the Same Geographical Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Mounsey ◽  
Hannah Schubert ◽  
Jacqueline Findlay ◽  
Katy Morley ◽  
Emma F. Puddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Geographical Region ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Dry Cow Therapy ◽  
On Farm ◽  
South West England

SynopsisBackgroundOur primary aim was to test whether cattle-associated fluoroquinolone-resistant (FQ-R) Escherichia coli found on dairy farms were a significant cause of bacteriuria in humans living in the same 50 x 50 km geographical region located in South West England. Another aim was to identify risk factors for the presence of FQ-R E. coli on dairy farms.MethodsFQ-R E. coli were isolated during 2017-18 from 42 dairy farms and from community urine samples. Forty-two cattle and 489 human urinary isolates were subjected to WGS, allowing phylogenetic comparisons. Risk factors were identified using a Bayesian regularisation approach.ResultsOf 489 FQ-R human isolates, 255 were also 3rd generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R), with strong genetic linkage between aac(6’)Ib-cr and blaCTX-M-15. We identified possible farm-to-human sharing for pairs of ST744 and ST162 isolates, but core genome SNP distances (71 and 63, respectively) were smaller in pairs of ST744 and ST162 isolates from different farms (7 and 3 SNPs, respectively). Total farm fluoroquinolone use showed a positive association with the odds of isolating FQ-R E. coli while total dry cow therapy use showed a negative association.ConclusionsThis work suggests that FQ-R E. coli found on dairy farms have a limited impact on community bacteriuria within the local human population, however, this appears greater than observed for 3GC-R E. coli when studied in parallel. Reducing fluoroquinolone use may reduce the on-farm prevalence of FQ-R E. coli, and this reduction may be greater when dry cow therapy is targeted to the ecology of resistant E. coli on the farm.

Development of a welfare assessment protocol for dairy calves from birth through to weaning

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-344 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Barry ◽  
E Kennedy ◽  
R Sayers ◽  
IJM de Boer ◽  
EAM Bokkers
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Expert Consultation ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
On Farm ◽  
General Appearance

The aim of this study was to develop a welfare assessment protocol using different indicators, for pre-weaned dairy calves, that is feasible and time efficient. To this end, the protocol had to combine animal-based indicators (measurements on physiology, general appearance and behaviour) providing the basis for welfare assessment, with resource-based indicators (measurements on management and the environment) providing the basis for identifying risk factors. Indicators, both animal- and resource-based, were selected by a review of existing literature and a process of expert consultation. Following the formulation phase, the protocol was then applied on five Irish dairy farms to develop further for completeness and on-farm feasibility. After each on-farm application, the protocol was critically evaluated, and modifications were made accordingly. Upon completion of the on-farm application phase, a feasible, reliable and time-efficient protocol was produced.

Cancer in agricultural populations

2020 ◽  
pp. 837-837
Author(s):  
K. . Togawa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Cancer Incidence ◽  
Lower Prevalence ◽  
International Consortium ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Specific Cancer ◽  
Cancer Types

Agricultural workers can be exposed to a wide variety of agents (e.g. pesticides), some of which may have adverse health effects, such as cancer. To study the health effects of agricultural exposures, an international consortium of agricultural cohort studies, AGRICOH, was established. The present analysis compared cancer incidence between the AGRICOH cohorts and the general population and found lower overall cancer incidence in the AGRICOH cohorts, with some variation across cohorts for specific cancer types. The observed lower cancer incidence may be due to healthy worker bias or lower prevalence of risk factors in the agricultural populations. Further analysis is underway.

Clostridioides difficile on Ohio swine farms (2015): A comparison of swine and human environments and assessment of on‐farm risk factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 861-870
Author(s):  
Rory A. O’Shaughnessy ◽  
Gregory G. Habing ◽  
Wondwossen A. Gebreyes ◽  
Andrew S. Bowman ◽  
J. Scott Weese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Swine Farms ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
On Farm

Occurrence of aflatoxin M1 in bovine milk and associated risk factors among dairy farms of Punjab, India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
H. Thukral ◽  
P. Dhaka ◽  
J. Singh Bedi ◽  
R. Singh Aulakh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
European Union ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Mean Concentration

Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) contamination in milk and milk products may pose a major public health concern. The present cross-sectional study was aimed to estimate the prevalence of AFM1 in bovine milk across all districts of Punjab, India and to identify the associated animal and farm level risk factors. A total of 402 milk samples (266 cow milk and 136 buffalo milk) were analysed using commercial ELISA and representative samples were confirmed using HPLC-FLD. The results revealed that 56.2 and 13.4% of the milk samples exceeded the maximum levels of the European Union, i.e. 0.05 μg/l and Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), i.e. 0.5 μg/l for AFM1 in milk, respectively. On analysis of species variation, buffalo milk (prevalence: 56.6%; mean concentration: 0.42±0.9 μg/l) was found to have higher AFM1 levels than cow milk (prevalence: 56.0%; mean concentration: 0.19±0.3 μg/l), with statistically significant difference between mean concentrations (P<0.01) and non-significant difference between AFM1 prevalence (P=0.91). Furthermore, milk from commercial dairy farms (prevalence: 64.7%; mean concentration: 0.34±0.65 μg/l) was found to be more contaminated than from household dairy establishments (prevalence: 47.8%; mean concentration: 0.19±0.65 μg/l). The risk factors ‘above average milk yield/day’ (odds ratio (OR): 2.4) and ‘poor animal hygiene’ (OR: 1.9) were identified at animal level, and ‘intensive dairy farming’ (OR: 3.1) and ‘animal feed without aflatoxin binder’ (OR: 4.7) as farm level risk factors for AFM1 excretion above maximum levels of European Union in milk. Among cow breeds, the milk from ‘non-descript’ breed (OR: 11.5) was found to be most contaminated with AFM1 and the least from Jersey breed (OR: 1.0). The present study highlighted the presence of AFM1 in milk samples; therefore, regular monitoring of AFM1 in milk is required so that high risk regions and associated risk factors can be addressed appropriately.

scholarly journals Major causes and risk factors associated with calf mortality in dairy farms in Khartoum State, Sudan

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 145-153 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Mansour Abdullatief ◽  
E. Abdelgadir Atif ◽  
E. M. El Zubeir Ibtisam
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
Causes And Risk Factors

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of mastitis in dairy cows

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Rahman ◽  
MMU Bhuiyan ◽  
MM Kamal ◽  
M Shamsuddin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Control Programmes

Identification of risk factors is important for the design of control programmes for mastitis in cows. Information about farms and management was collected at a farm visit. California Mastitis Test (CMT) was performed to assess sub-clinical mastitis, and cows, udder and milk were examined for clinical mastitis. A total of 347 lactating cows from 83 farms in the dry season (November - February) and 388 lactating cows from 89 farms in the wet season (June - October) were studied. The overall prevalence of mastitis was 19.9% and 44.8% in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The prevalence of mild mastitis was 17.3% and 40.7%, whereas that of moderate mastitis was 2.6% and 4.1% in dry and wet seasons, respectively. The prevalence of mastitis was higher (P<0.01) in wet than in dry season. On average, 18.7% quarters had mastitis during the wet season and 6.9% in the dry season. In the dry and wet seasons, respectively, 63.9% and 11.2% had completely dry floors, and the prevalence of mastitis was 22.6% and 30.0%. On the other hand, 88.8% and 36.1% of 83 farms had partly or completely wet and soiled floor and the prevalence of mastitis was 40.0% and 59.5% in the dry and wet seasons, respectively. Udder cleanliness, milk yield and peri-parturient diseases significantly (P<0.01) increased the risk of mastitis. The prevalence of mastitis is regarded as quite high. Dry and clean floor to keep cow's udder and teat clean would help control mastitis in the dairy farms of Bangladesh. DOI: 10.3329/bvet.v26i2.4951 Bangl. vet. 2009. Vol. 26, No. 2, 54-60

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