Deposition Rate and Chemical Composition of the Aeolian Dust from a Bare Saline Playa, Ebinur Lake, Xinjiang, China

2010 ◽  
Vol 218 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 175-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongwei Liu ◽  
Jilili Abuduwaili ◽  
Jiaqiang Lei ◽  
Guangyang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Aeolian Dust ◽  
Ebinur Lake

scholarly journals Influences of Bath Chemistry and Plating Variables on Characteristics of Electroless Ni–P Films on Si Wafers from Alkaline Citrate Solutions

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiming Miao ◽  
Jinjin Jiang ◽  
Wangping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Monocrystalline Silicon ◽  
P Content ◽  
Almost All ◽  
P Type ◽  
Electroless Ni ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Electroless nickel–phosphorus (Ni–P) films were produced on the surface of p-type monocrystalline silicon in the alkaline citrate solutions. The influences of bath chemistry and plating variables on the chemical composition, deposition rate, morphology, and thermal stability of electroless Ni–P films on silicon wafers were studied. The as-deposited Ni–P films were almost all medium- and high-P deposits. The concentrations of Ni2+ and citric ions influenced the deposition rate of the films but did not affect P content in the deposits. With increasing H2PO2− content, the P content and deposition rate were steadily increased. The pH and plating temperature had a significant effect on the chemical composition and the deposition rate of the films. The thermal stability of the medium-P film was better than that of the high-P deposit. At the same time, the proposed mechanism of Ni–P films on monocrystalline silicon substrates in the alkaline bath solution was discussed and addressed.

scholarly journals Direct radiative effect of dust-pollution interactions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Klingmüller ◽  
Jos Lelieveld ◽  
Vlassis A. Karydis ◽  
Georgiy L. Stenchikov
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Climate Forcing ◽  
Dust Particles ◽  
Aeolian Dust ◽  
Particulate Air Pollution ◽  
Hygroscopic Properties

Abstract. The chemical ageing of aeolian dust, through interactions with air pollution, affects the optical and hygroscopic properties of the mineral particles and hence their atmospheric residence time and climate forcing. Conversely, the chemical composition of the dust particles and their role as coagulation partners impact the abundance of particulate air pollution. This results in an anthropogenic radiative forcing associated with mineral dust notwithstanding the natural origin of most aeolian dust. Using the atmospheric chemistry climate model EMAC with a detailed parametrisation of ageing processes and an emission scheme accounting for the chemical composition of desert soils, we study the direct radiative forcing globally and regionally. Our results indicate large positive and negative forcings, depending on the region. The predominantly negative forcing at the top of the atmosphere over large parts of the dust belt, from West Africa to East Asia, attains a maximum of about −2 W/m2 south of the Sahel, in contrast to a positive forcing over India. Globally averaged, these forcings partially counterbalance, resulting in a net negative forcing of −0.05 W/m2, which nevertheless represents a considerable fraction of the total dust forcing.

Litter Mass, Deposition Rate, and Chemical Composition in Bahiagrass Pastures Managed at Different Intensities

Crop Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 1299-1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. B. Dubeux ◽  
L. E. Sollenberger ◽  
J. M. B. Vendramini ◽  
R. L. Stewart ◽  
S. M. Interrante
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Litter Mass

scholarly journals E-Beam Deposition of Scandia-Stabilized Zirconia (ScSZ) Thin Films Co-Doped with Al

Coatings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 870
Author(s):  
Nursultan Kainbayev ◽  
Mantas Sriubas ◽  
Kristina Bockute ◽  
Darius Virbukas ◽  
Giedrius Laukaitis
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Stabilized Zirconia ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Deposition Parameters ◽  
High Concentrations

Scandia alumina stabilized zirconia (ScAlSZ) thin films were deposited using e-beam evaporation, and the effects of deposition parameters on the structure and chemical composition were investigated. The analysis of thin films was carried out using Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-Ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy methods. It was found that the chemical composition of ScAlSZ thin films was different from the chemical composition of the initial powder. Moreover, the Al concentration in thin films depends on the deposition rate, resulting in a lower concentration using a higher deposition rate. XPS analysis revealed that ZrOx, oxygen vacancies, high concentrations of Al2O3 and metallic Al exist in thin films and influence their structural properties. The crystallinity is higher when the concentration of Al is lower (higher deposition rate) and at higher substrate temperatures. Further, the amount of cubic phase is higher and the amount of tetragonal phase lower when using a higher deposition rate.

scholarly journals Grain-size distribution and chemical composition of water-insoluble components in aeolian dust collected in Japan in spring 2002

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 303-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsuyuki Ohta ◽  
Shigeru Terashima ◽  
Yutaka Kanai ◽  
Hikari Kamioka ◽  
Noboru Imai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Grain Size Distribution ◽  
Aeolian Dust ◽  
Chemical Composition Of Water

Theoretical Analysis of Chroming Electrolytes and Properties of Chrome Coatings

2020 ◽  
Vol 836 ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Stekolnikov ◽  
S.D. Polischuk ◽  
D.G. Churilov ◽  
N.V. Byshov ◽  
S.N. Borychev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Transition Time ◽  
Internal Stresses ◽  
High Deposition Rate ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Properties Of Coatings ◽  
Current Output ◽  
Low Concentration

According to the dynamic characteristics of the electrochemical system, according to V.F. Molchanov, it is possible to optimize the composition of chroming electrolyte and predict the properties of chromium deposits depending on the mode of deposition and the transition time. The possibility of using the transition time for the formation of the cathode surface colloid-dispersion film to study the chemical composition of the chroming solution is considered. The chemical composition can be optimized by the position of the maxima and minima on the polarization curves. An electrochemical cell can be described as a system by a differential equation, the form of which is determined by its internal structure, which varies with electrolysis conditions. The properties of the system are evaluated by a number of factors: the time of the transition process, forcing, attenuation, and the quality factor. This approach is used to develop a low-concentration chroming electrolyte with organic additives. Analytical dependences of chromium yield on current, micro hardness, roughness and deposition rate on deposition conditions are obtained. Chroming on non-stationary modes allows the most effective influence on the structure and physical-mechanical properties of coatings. When changing electrolysis parameters, it is possible to influence the structure and physical-mechanical properties of coatings, to obtain various functional chromium coatings with specified characteristics (adjustable micro hardness in thickness, porosity, internal stresses, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, roughness) from a single electrolyte. The use of a low-concentration electrolyte together with non-stationary deposition modes makes possible to increase the chromium current yield, covering and dissipative ability of the electrolyte, deposition rate, producibility and environmental friendliness of the process, and to reduce hydrogenation. The electrolyte with crystal violet additives has an increased current output (up to 28 %), an extended range of obtaining wear-resistant coatings up to 240 A / dm2, a high deposition rate of up to 2.5 μm / min, an increased micro hardness by 100-300 kg / mm2, reduced toxicity, a decreased absorbed hydrogen level at 500-700 cm3 per 100 grams of chrome coating and internal stresses at 600-950 kg / mm2.

Grazing Intensity and Nitrogen Fertilization Affect Litter Responses in ‘Tifton 85’ Bermudagrass Pastures: I. Mass, Deposition Rate, and Chemical Composition

2011 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kesi Liu ◽  
Lynn E. Sollenberger ◽  
Maria L. Silveira ◽  
Yoana C. Newman ◽  
João M.B. Vendramini
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Grazing Intensity

Effect of the deposition rate on thin films of CuZnAl obtained by thermal evaporation

2010 ◽  
Vol 1276 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. López-Pavón ◽  
E. López-Cuellar ◽  
A. Torres-Castro ◽  
C. Ballesteros ◽  
C. José de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Deposition Rate ◽  
Thermal Evaporation ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Evaporation Source

AbstractThermal evaporation is used to deposit thin films of CuZnAl on silicon substrates. For this purpose, a CuZnAl shape memory alloy is used as evaporation source. The chemical composition and the phases present in the films are evaluated at two different deposition rates: 7 and 0.2 Å/s. The thin films are heat treated to promote the diffusion of the elements and characterized by X-ray Diffraction, Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (STEM). It is shown that the chemical composition of the thin films is significantly different to that of the CuZnAl alloy used as evaporation source. Moreover, the films produced at 7 Å/s show a significant loss of Zn, contrary to the results obtained using a deposition rate of 0.2 Å/s. It is also observed that the composition varies across the thickness of the film, suggesting that the various alloying elements are evaporated at different rates during the deposition process. Finally the predominant phases present in the films belong to the AlxCuy family.

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

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