scholarly journals Biodegradation of Natural Rubber: Microcosm Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 232 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Bosco ◽  
Chiara Mollea
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Microbial Consortium ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Aeration ◽  
Soil Mixing ◽  
Microcosm Study ◽  
Biodegradation Process ◽  
Nutrient Amendment

AbstractIn the present work, natural rubber (NR) biodegradation, by means of a microbial consortium, naturally selected in a tyre dump soil, has been evaluated. To this purpose, prepared soil microcosms were incubated for 236 days, at room temperature, and natural light/dark cycles. The effect of primary C-source and fresh soil addition, soil aeration, and humidity maintenance has been monitored by means of microbiological and respirometric analysis, dry weight loss determinations, and SEM micrographs. During the incubation, in biodegradation microcosms (BD), containing NR samples, the produced CO2 was significantly higher than that of biotic controls (BC). Furthermore, after 236 days, a NR dry weight loss of 15.6%, in BD microcosms, was registered, about four-fold higher than that registered in BC control (3.7%). Obtained results confirmed that the naturally selected microbial consortium was able to use NR as the only C-source and to biodegrade it. The positive effect of soil mixing evidenced that the biodegradation process was mainly carried out by aerobic biomass, especially filamentous fungi, as confirmed by microbial counts and SEM observations. Results obtained in the microcosm study provided useful information in terms of soil aeration and nutrient amendment in view of a future biodegradation process scale-up.

scholarly journals Micro-plastic Characteristics and Removal of Ammonia-Nitrogen in Batch Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5683-5693
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Environment Pollution ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Biodegradation Process ◽  
Percentage Mass Loss ◽  
Percentage Weight

Plastic waste has become a sensitive issue in the world since this material needs a longer time to degrade. This material will take a month to a thousand years to decompose. Thus, would contribute to the environment pollution, which will affect human health and aquatic life. This research study focused on the biodegradation process of micro-plastic (PE, PP, PET and PS) in the batch culture system using a colony of bacteria obtained from leachate in Ayer Hitam Landfill, Puchong. After the batch experiment of micro-plastic degradation, percentage removal of ammonia-nitrogen, chemical structure and percentage weight loss were examined and evaluated. Succeeding through the incubation of micro-plastic in batch culture for fourteen (14) days period, biodegradation was verified by the estimation of the dry weight loss. From the result obtained, dry weight loss of polyethylene (PE) is the highest (3.46%) in 14 days and polyethylene (PE) shows the greater removal of ammonia nitrogen (NH3 -N) (44.17%). Besides that, polystyrene (PS) micro-plastic showed a significant change in chemical structural which was obtained by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). Here, the new absorption peak C=O (aldehydes) was present in PS micro-plastic. Furthermore, PS micro-plastic has a high percentage mass loss in the second stage of thermal degradation by Thermogravimetric (TGA) analysis. It can be concluded that incubation time is needed to optimize the micro-plastic in the biodegradation process.

Obtaining of hairy roots cultures of kok-saghyz and analysis of the content of natural rubber

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-454
Author(s):  
B.R. Kuluev ◽  
G.R. Gumerova ◽  
A.V. Knyazev ◽  
Kh.G. Musin ◽  
A.V. Chemeris
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
High Quality

Kok-saghyz (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin) is an alternative to Hevea brasiliensis source of high quality natural rubber that is able to grow in temperate climates. However, the field cultivation of kok-saghyz is associated with a number of problems, such as the need for seed stratification, seedlings that are very sensitive to stress factors, laboriousness in the fight against weeds and pests, uneven maturation of seeds, the lack of special equipment for sowing, collecting roots and seeds. In this regard, the use of hairy roots of kok-saghyz as a raw material for obtaining natural rubber seems to be promising. The aim of our work was to obtain cultures of hairy roots of kok-saghyz and to determine the content of natural rubber in them by the hexane method. In the course of the work, 10 lines of hairy roots of kok-saghyz were obtained, capable of growing in isolated cultures. It has been shown that these hairy roots accumulate an average of 7.5% hexane extract (rubber-like substances) per dry weight, which is about 1.5 times more than the roots of field kok-saghyz. Our data indicate that the use of the hairy roots of kok-saghyz is promising for the industrial production of natural rubber.

scholarly journals Relationship between “Dry Weight” and Actual Weight Loss in Patients Hospitalized for Heart Failure

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. S51-S52
Author(s):  
J. Fleming ◽  
M. Griffin ◽  
J. Ivey-Miranda ◽  
P. Raghavendra ◽  
G. Struyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Actual Weight ◽  
Actual Weight Loss

scholarly journals Positive Interaction Of Ethanol With Malic Acid In Postharvest Physiology Of Cut Spray Carnation ‘White Natila’

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Begri ◽  
Ebrahim Hadavi ◽  
Amrollah Nabigol
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Vase Life ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Cell Membrane Stability ◽  
Preservative Solutions

AbstractIn this study, succinic acid (0, 1 and 2 mM), malic acid (0, 1 and 2 mM), ethanol (0, 2 and 4% v/v), and their mixtures were applied as preservative solutions for cut flowers of spread carnation cv. ‘White Natila’ and their effect on the longevity, the amount of absorbed solution, malondialdehyde and chlorophyll content, cell membrane stability, fresh, and dry weight and on a visual quality was determined. A similarity in the effect of malic acid and succinic acid on dry weight and fresh weight loss were found. Ethanol positively affected most of the studied traits, including the vase life and fresh weight loss. The preservative solution containing 1 mM of malic acid and 4% ethanol resulted in the longest average vase life - 11.1 days compared to 8.9 days in the control. Malic acid showed a significant positive synergism with ethanol that makes it reasonable to combine them in preservative solutions intended to extend the vase life of cut spray carnation.

Pathogenicity of Pythium torulosum to roots of Agrostis palustris in black-layered sand produced by the interaction of the cyanobacteria species Lyngbya, Phormidium, and Nostoc with Desulfovibrio desulfuricans

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (11) ◽  
pp. 2193-2197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clinton F. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Desulfovibrio Desulfuricans ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Agrostis Palustris ◽  
Golf Greens ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Black Layer ◽  
Pythium Torulosum

Studies were initiated to determine the pathogenicity of Pythium torulosum to Agrostis palustris roots growing in sand with subsurface black layer produced by the interaction of cyanobacteria and the sulfate-reducing bacterium Desulfovibrio desulfuricans. The interaction of P. torulosum with cyanobacteria and D. desulfuricans was also evaluated. Pythium torulosum decreased the dry weight of roots and shoots of A. palustris to 41 and 35%, respectively, of the control plants in the absence of black layer and the organisms responsible for its formation. The combination of P. torulosum and D. desulfuricans, in the absence of black layer, induced the most severe decrease in root (20% of controls) and shoot (25% of controls) dry weights. Damage to roots induced by P. torulosum in combination with various isolates of cyanobacteria, in the absence of black layer, was equal to that of P. torulosum alone; shoot dry weight loss was less than that caused by P. torulosum alone. Pathogenicity of P. torulosum to roots when combined with cyanobacteria and D. desulfuricans in the presence of black layer was the same as that with P. torulosum alone and in combination with cyanobacteria; shoot dry weight did not differ from that of P. torulosum combined with cyanobacteria. The presence of cyanobacteria with P. torulosum and D. desulfuricans in black-layered sand decreased root and shoot dry weight loss induced by the two latter organisms. Key words: anaerobic, black plug layer, golf greens, sulfate reduction.

A new method for evaluating decay: the effect of oxygen on Polyporuscompactus in red oak

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1024 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Hall ◽  
Curt Leben
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Constant Pressure ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Soil Block ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

The effects of oxygen decay (weight loss) incited by Polyporuscompactus Overh. was studied using small fresh and dried wood blocks containing both sapwood and heartwood of similar radial position and age. A manifold was used to deliver hydrated gas mixtures of 1.0, 4.2, or 21% (ambient air) oxygen at constant pressure and continuous flow to jars containing inoculated or noninoculated blocks. Means (P = 0.05) for dry weight losses in inoculated blocks at 1.0, 4.2, and 21% oxygen were 3.3, 8.9, and 21.4%, respectively; losses may be comparable to decay by other white rot fungi using the soil-block procedure. Losses in noninoculated blocks at the above oxygen levels were 2.0, 4.6, and 7.0%, respectively. Differences in dry weight losses between fresh and dry blocks were found. In particular, losses in inoculated fresh blocks were significantly less than losses in inoculated dry blocks in ambient air. Native inhabitants occurring in fresh wood appear to interfere with the decay processes of P. compactus. Losses in noninoculated fresh blocks were significantly greater than in noninoculated dry blocks at 21% oxygen but not at 1.0 or 4.2% oxygen; losses were attributed to natural inhabitants in fresh wood.

scholarly journals PENGARUH UMUR PANEN RIMPANG TERHADAP PERUBAHAN FISIOLOGI DAN VIABILITAS BENIH JAHE PUTIH BESAR SELAMA PENYIMPANAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
DEVI RUSMIN ◽  
M.R. SUHARTANTO ◽  
SATRIYAS ILYAS ◽  
DYAH MANOHARA ◽  
ENY WIDAJATI
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
High Growth ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Growth Ability

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Salah satu faktor yang menentukan daya simpan benih jahe putih<br />besar (JPB) adalah mutu. Mutu benih sangat ditentukan oleh tingkat<br />kemasakan rimpang. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh<br />umur panen terhadap perubahan fisiologi dan viabilitas benih selama<br />penyimpanan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca dan Laboratorium<br />Teknologi Benih, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat serta<br />Laboratorium Pascapanen IPB Bogor, mulai bulan Juli 2012 sampai<br />dengan Februari 2013. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah acak lengkap<br />(RAL) dengan lima ulangan. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah tiga tingkat umur<br />panen benih 7, 8, dan 9 bulan setelah tanam (BST). Pengamatan dilakukan<br />terhadap perubahan fisiologis (penyusutan bobot, persentase rimpang<br />bertunas, tunas, kadar air, dan laju respirasi), serta viabilitas rimpang benih<br />(daya tumbuh, tinggi, dan bobot kering bibit). Hasil penelitian<br />menunjukkan rimpang benih umur 7 dan 8 BST mempunyai daya simpan<br />terbaik karena menghasilkan masing-masing total angka penyusutan bobot<br />lebih rendah (24,65 dan 25,25%) dan tunas lebih pendek (0,30 dan 1,08<br />cm) dibandingkan dengan umur panen 9 BST (27,13% dan 1,62 cm),<br />selama 4 bulan disimpan. Masa dormansi rimpang benih JPB mulai pecah<br />setelah mengalami periode simpan 2 bulan. Pertumbuhannya mulai<br />seragam setelah 3 bulan simpan. Umur panen jahe 7 dan 8 BST<br />mempunyai derajat dormansi yang lebih tinggi dibanding 9 BST. Rimpang<br />benih umur panen 7, 8, dan 9 BST mempunyai daya tumbuh tinggi (&gt;95%)<br />dan pertumbuhan bibit seragam setelah 3 bulan disimpan.<br />Kata kunci: Zingiber officinale Rosc., penyimpanan, benih, perubahan<br />fisiologis, viabilitas</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />One of the factors that determine the storability of seed rhizome of<br />white big ginger (WBG) is quality. The quality is determined by the<br />maturity levels of seed rhizome. The aim of the experiment was to observe<br />the effect of harvesting time on physiological changes and seed viability of<br />WBG seed rhizomes during the storage. The experiment was conducted at<br />Green House and Seed Technology Laboratory of Indonesian Spice and<br />Medicinal Crops Research Institute, Bogor and Postharvest Laboratory,<br />IPB, from July 2012 to February 2013. The experiment was arranged in a<br />completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments<br />tested were three levels of WBG seed rhizome harvesting time: 7, 8, and 9<br />month after planting (MAP). Variables observed were physiological<br />changes of seed rhizomes during the storage (weight loss, sprouting<br />percentage, shoot height, respiration rate, and moisture content) and<br />viability (growth ability, height, and dry weight of the seedling). The<br />results showed that seed rhizomes at 7 and 8 had the best storability, since<br />it was produced each low rate of weight loss (24.65 and 25.25%), and<br />shoots shorter (0.3 and 1.08 cm) than 9 MAP (27.13% and 1.62 cm), for 4<br />months in storage. Dormancy of WBG seed rhizomes has been broken<br />after 2 months in storage. Harvesting at 7 and 8 showed a degree of<br />dormancy higher than the harvesting age 9 MAP. Harvesting time at 7, 8,<br />and 9 MAP had high growth ability (&gt; 95%) and uniform seedling growth<br />after 3 months in storage.<br />Keywords: Zingiber officinale Rosc., storage, seed, physiological<br />changes, viability</p>

scholarly journals Relative In Vitro Wood Decay Resistance of Sapwood from Landscape Trees of Southern Temperate Regions

HortScience ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 401-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Baietto ◽  
A. Dan Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Landscape Trees

The development of wood decay caused by 12 major root-rot and trunk-rot fungi was investigated in vitro with sapwood extracted from nine ornamental and landscape hardwood and conifer species native to southern temperate regions of North America, Europe, and the lower Mississippi Delta. Wood decay rates based on dry weight loss for 108 host tree–wood decay fungi combinations were compared at 21 °C over 1-year and 2-year incubation periods in the absence of tree-resistance mechanisms. Strains of Armillaria mellea, Ganoderma lucidum, and Heterobasidion annosum exhibited the highest decay potential in most tree species tested. The order of fungi causing the greatest decay varied over time as a result of temporal changes in decay-rate curves. Relative wood durability or resistance to decay generally was greater in gymnosperm than in angiosperm wood types. Quercus nuttallii, Fraxinus pennsylvanica, and Quercus lyrata sustained the highest levels of decay by all fungi. Northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis) sapwood was most resistant to decay by all rot-fungi tested, sustaining only limited weight loss after 1 and 2 years of decay, although sapwood of Pinus taeda, Liquidambar styraciflua, and Platanus occidentalis had relatively low levels of decay after 2 years. These results in combination with data from portable decay-detection devices provide useful information for the management of tree breakages or failures resulting from wood decay fungi in hazardous landscape trees. Some potential landscaping applications for tree evaluations, risk assessments, and selections for tree-replacement plantings are discussed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document