Obtaining of hairy roots cultures of kok-saghyz and analysis of the content of natural rubber

Biomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-454
Author(s):  
B.R. Kuluev ◽  
G.R. Gumerova ◽  
A.V. Knyazev ◽  
Kh.G. Musin ◽  
A.V. Chemeris
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Hairy Roots ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
High Quality

Kok-saghyz (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin) is an alternative to Hevea brasiliensis source of high quality natural rubber that is able to grow in temperate climates. However, the field cultivation of kok-saghyz is associated with a number of problems, such as the need for seed stratification, seedlings that are very sensitive to stress factors, laboriousness in the fight against weeds and pests, uneven maturation of seeds, the lack of special equipment for sowing, collecting roots and seeds. In this regard, the use of hairy roots of kok-saghyz as a raw material for obtaining natural rubber seems to be promising. The aim of our work was to obtain cultures of hairy roots of kok-saghyz and to determine the content of natural rubber in them by the hexane method. In the course of the work, 10 lines of hairy roots of kok-saghyz were obtained, capable of growing in isolated cultures. It has been shown that these hairy roots accumulate an average of 7.5% hexane extract (rubber-like substances) per dry weight, which is about 1.5 times more than the roots of field kok-saghyz. Our data indicate that the use of the hairy roots of kok-saghyz is promising for the industrial production of natural rubber.

Eight cycles of half-sib family recurrent selection to improve rubber yield in russian dandelion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Wolyn ◽  
Gregory Innes
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Selection For

Russian dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz) produces natural rubber which can complement the world’s supply of this strategic commodity, derived mainly from the Para rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis). Four cycles of half-sib family recurrent selection conducted previously in russian dandelion improved rubber yield nearly 50%. The objectives of this research were to continue selection for four additional cycles and evaluate progress from eight generations of breeding, and assess the potential for future gains. Rubber yield increased from 0.205 to 0.378 g/plant from Cycle 0 (C0) to C8, representing an 84% improvement, or 10% per cycle. Increases from C0 to C4 were similar to those from C4 to C8. Root dry weight did not increase from selection and improved yield only resulted from enhancing rubber percentage which changed from 4.35 to 7.62%. Selection response has not plateaued and phenotypic variation has not decreased, indicating continued gains can occur with additional breeding.

Advances in Natural Rubber Production

1994 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Aziz S. A. Kadir
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Processing Efficiency ◽  
Tropical Timber ◽  
Increasing Demand

Abstract This paper will attempt to highlight the various advances made to date in the production and processing of natural rubber (NR). The commercially planted rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis, can yield as high as 3,000 kg of rubber per hectare in contrast to the 500 kg rubber per hectare obtained from the wild Amazonian rubber trees. The high yield of commercial rubber trees is attributed to the successful breeding program, efficient development of agronomic and crop management practices and proper exploitation systems. Today, the Hevea brasiliensis trees not only contribute to the supply of world natural rubber, but also to the ever increasing demand of tropical timber. Latex extracted from the rubber tree is processed to meet the specific requirements of the consumers. In the area of processing, emphasis is on the production of NR as an industrial raw material with improved quality and consistency. Efforts are also placed on processing efficiency, optimum product mix and production of value added modified NR such as epoxidized and deproteinized NR. The processing activities also take into consideration the control of processing effluent with appropriate effluent treatments or conversion of effluent to useful materials.

scholarly journals Russian dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin): rubber extraction methods and prospects for biotechnological methods application

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-43
Author(s):  
B. R. Kuluev ◽  
N. D. Minchenkov ◽  
G. R. Gumerova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Express Methods ◽  
Root Size ◽  
Plant Forms

Natural rubber is a strategic natural raw material, which is used in the production of tires and military equipment, in medicine and other industries. An alternative to Hevea brasiliensis (Willd. ex A. Juss.) Müll. Arg. and the most promising rubber plant is the Russian dandelion (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin). The rubber that accumulates in the roots of this dandelion is not inferior in quality to the natural rubber from H. brasiliensis, and its content reaches 27% of the dry weight of roots. The purpose of this paper is to describe the economically important components of T. kok-saghyz roots, the main methods for extracting natural rubber from the roots, as well as the approaches to micropropagation and genetic transformation of kok-saghyz and related species. In the middle of the 20th century, the industrial method of isolating rubber from Russian dandelion in the USSR was based on preliminary treatment of the roots with a 2% solution of alkali, which could negatively affect rubber quality. Therefore, it is important to develop new, rapid, but at the same time, inexpensive methods of rubber extraction from T. koksaghyz. Some of them are considered in this paper. The breeding of Russian dandelion should be aimed at both increasing the root size and the content of rubber. In this regard, the development of laboratory express methods for rubber extraction is also important. The authors have developed and optimized a method for extracting rubber from dry plant tissue using polar solvents (water and acetone), with the final extraction with a non‑polar solvent (hexane). The developed rubber extraction protocol showed results comparable to the literature data. In order to create more productive plant forms, experiments are also being conducted on T. kok-saghyz micropropagation and genetic transformation. However, the number of such works is still very small, probably due to the low regenerative abilities of this dandelion species.

scholarly journals Biomass Production and Nutrient Accumulation by Natural Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Wild. Ex A. Juss.) Müell. Arg. Clones in a Humid Tropical Area in South India

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-110
Author(s):  
Kannattuvadakkethil Krishnankutty Ambily ◽  
Arumugham Ulaganathan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Allometric Equation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Nutrient Accumulation ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Below Ground

Natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis Wild. Ex A. Juss.) Müell. Arg. is an important commodity crop grown in world over for industrial raw material rubber latex for various products, mainly tyre manufacturing. Hevea propagation is through clones evolved by breeding as cultivars with desired characters. This article presented the biomass and nutrient accumulation of four important Hevea clones viz. RRII 105, RRII 118, RRII 203 and GT1 at 30 years age. Biomass and nutrient concentration of tree components viz. trunk, branches, leaf and root were assessed by uprooting the trees in the field and standing trees using allometric equation. Among the different clones, RRII 118 and GT1 recorded higher biomass compared to RRII 105 and RRII 203. Above-ground biomass (88-93 per cent) varied more than below-ground biomass (7-11 per cent). The high yielding clones had higher leaf and root biomass. Drought tolerant and timber clones viz. RRII 118 and RRII 203 recorded higher K and high yielding clone RRII 105 had higher Ca accumulation. Biomass removal of these clones may lead to deficiency of K and Ca in soil and hence needs the external supplements. The relation of high Ca content and leaf disease of fungal origin is promising for further studies. The higher accumulation of iron and manganese indicated the tolerance of Hevea to these elements and possibility of phytoremediation. The per cent contribution of nutrients to total biomass varied less between clones and was below 3 percent at the age of 30 years and this is evidence of adjustments in proportions of nutrients in Hevea irrespective of clonal variations.

scholarly journals TABLE OF CONTENTS AND LOCALIZATION OF RUBBER IN THE ROOTS OF KOK-SAGHYZ (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin)

REPORTS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (334) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
K.R. Uteulin ◽  
◽  
K.Zh. Zhambakin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rubber Tree ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rubber Content ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Rubber Industry ◽  
World Center

This article presents biological features, botanical description, and the results of the anatomical and physiological study of the Dandelion kok-saghyz (Taraxacum kok-saghyz Rodin), a valuable resource plant of world significance. Kok-saghyz is used as a technical culture, a source of high-quality rubber. Natural rubber is widely used in the rubber industry for the production of tires for automobiles, aircrafts, bicycles, as well as shoes, medical gloves and other products. The global rubber industry faces the real danger of the destruction of plantations of the main source of natural rubber - the rubber tree of hevea (Hevea brasiliensis), grown in the tropical humid climate of Southeast Asia, due to its diseases. This has happened in South America, which was originally a world center for the production of natural rubber; it has completely lost its position due to epiphytotics. There is currently a phytosanitary quarantine and a person who was accessed to hevea in South America should not visit the countries of Southeast Asia. Thus, there is a need for reserve additional plant species, the sources of natural rubber in the temperate zone, being adverse for acclimatization of hevea. Dandelion kok-saghyz is recognized as such a promising producer of natural rubber. According to data published, rubber of kok-saghyz sits in the latex vessels of the root, and the rubber content (6 to 14%) depends on the number of circles of the latex vessels (3 to 14). The number of circles of the latex vessels and, therefore, the rubber content in the roots depends on genotype, agricultural background and stage of kok-saghyz ontogenesis. The roots of kok-saghyz are known for high variability in the rubber content even in the same natural population of wild kok-saghyz from 0 to 47.87; 35.85 and 23.58% of the air-dry weight is due to several one-year covers in the root. Kok-saghyz is a highly polymorphic species that can be used in breeding programs. Individual selection provides for the high rubber content in the roots of kok-saghyz (10 to 14%). Currently, kok-saghyz is an important rubber plant with the following features: 1) high percentage of rubber; 2) flowering and fruiting in the first year of life; 3) high quality rubber. Kok-saghyz polymorphism provides for the selection of the most rubber-bearing and most precocious forms of this plant.

Production and Properties of Yulex® - The Natural Solution to Latex Allergy

2008 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina Cornish ◽  
Jali Williams ◽  
Julie L. Hall ◽  
Raymond G. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Natural Rubber Latex ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Latex Allergy ◽  
Type I ◽  
Rubber Latex ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
And Performance

Abstract Natural rubber is an irreplaceable raw material vital to industry, transportation, medicine and defense, largely produced from clonal plantations of Hevea brasiliensis in Southeast Asia. Additional rubber-producing crops are greatly desired to increase biodiversity, protect supplies, and provide a safe alternative for people suffering from Type I latex protein allergy. Basic and applied research approaches were used to make the production of latex (Yulex® latex) from Parthenium argentatum (guayule) a commercial reality. In contrast to Hevea brasiliensis, from which rubber latex is tapped by hand from laticifers, guayule latex rubber is contained within individual bark parenchyma cells. Processing involves disrupting these cells to release the rubber particles, and then purifying the latex. As in the Hevea industry, latex concentration can be achieved by centrifugation and/or by creaming agents. An artificially produced guayule natural rubber latex is then produced, under the material name of “Yulex® latex”. The Yulex Pilot Plant has been constructed, optimized and automated, and extracts then purifies latex from guayule shrub without detectable losses. The natural rubber polymers in guayule latex are high molecular weight and products made from this material have the desired high performance properties. Because guayule latex contains very little protein, all of which is hydrophobic and bound to the rubber phase, and because none of the protein cross-reacts with Type I latex allergy to Hevea latex products, its use is initially aimed towards the high-value medical products marketplace. Clinical and performance trials continue to ensure that guayule processing provides a safe, high performance, non-allergenic natural rubber latex that is safe for human use.

The natural rubber industry

1983 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Barlow
Keyword(s):  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Industrial Countries ◽  
Rubber Industry ◽  
Tropical Areas

Natural rubber is an important manufacturing raw material. It is used primarily in vehicle tyres, but is also contained in many other products including foam articles, tubing, footwear, and belting. It is produced by the tree Hevea brasiliensis, in tropical areas with a well distributed annual rainfall of at least 1800 to 2000 mm (figure 1 and Table 1). It provides the main livelihood of over 22 000 000 persons in these places, and benefits additional workers through its manufacture in industrial countries.

Improvement of separate elements of the techno-logy of cultivation of white cabbage in the conditions of the of the central region of the non-chernozem zone

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Konstantinovich ◽  
◽  
A.S. Kuracheva ◽  
E.D. Binkevich
Keyword(s):  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Agricultural Products ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
White Cabbage ◽  
Sowing Seed

In conditions of climate change, when temperature and precipitation fluctuations occur more and more frequently during the growing season, it is necessary to obtain high quality seedlings with "immunity" to various stress factors, including high weediness, the damage from which is associated with a decrease in yield (by 25 -35%) and with a deterioration in the quality of agricultural products. Due to the imbalance in production technology, seedlings are often weakened, overgrown, with a low yield per unit area and survival rate in the field. One of the solutions to this problem is the use of PP for pre-sowing seed treatment to increase the competitiveness of seedlings in the field.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document