Comparisons of Four Methods for Measuring Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Short-term Weathering Effect in Soils Contaminated by Crude Oil and Fuel Oils

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in clay soil a 45-days experiment. The experiment was conducted using an aerobic fixed bed reactor, containing 300g of contaminated soil at room temperature with an air rate of 6 L/h. The growth medium was supplemented with 2.5% (w/w) (NH4)2SO4 and 0.035% (w/w) KH2PO4. Biodegradation of the crude oil in the contaminated clay soil was monitored by measuring CO2 production and removal of organic matter (OM), oil and grease (OandG), and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), measured before and after the 45-days experiment, together with total heterotrophic and hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial count. The best removals of OM (50%), OandG (37%) and TPH (45%) were obtained in the bioreactors in which the highest CO2 production was achieved.

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Bioremediation of Soil Contaminated by Crude Oil in Daqing, China

2008 7th International Pipeline Conference, Volume 1 ◽

10.1115/ipc2008-64216 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Yiling Zhang ◽

Dehong Kong ◽

Sheng Sun ◽

Zhiguo Luo ◽

Peng Luo

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Degradation Rate ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Optimum Conditions ◽

Optimum Ratio ◽

Treatment Unit ◽

Nutrient Ratio

Bioremediation of soil contaminated by pipeline spills in the Daquin region of China is presented in this paper. The objective of the study was to determine the nutrient ratio required for the bioremediation of soil contaminated by Daqing crude oil. Several experiments were conducted using different proportions of C:N:P:K to choose the optimum ratio of nutrients to be applied for bioremediation, C is supplied from the crude oil in the contaminated soil. The moisture content, porosity, PH and temperature of the contaminated soil were adjusted for optimum conditions. The experimental bioremediation technology was conducted in a treatment unit that was 0.5 m in length, 0.7 m in width, and 1.5 m in height. The results showed that the degradation rate of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) increased with increased concentrations of crude oil in the soil. At the beginning of the bioremediation experiments, the degradation rate of THP is high, but it gradually slowed over the course of the experiment. The degradation rate of TPH averaged 98% over 8 months.

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Phytoremediation of Soil Contaminated with Crude Oil Using Mucuna Bracteata

Research in Ecology ◽

10.30564/re.v1i1.739 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kuok Ho Daniel Tang ◽

Yu Wei Eric Law

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Narrow Range ◽

Experimental Period ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Oil Degradation ◽

Physical Conditions ◽

Crude Oil Degradation ◽

High Level

This study examines the ability of Mucuna bracteata DC. to remediate soil contaminated with increasing levels of crude oil up to 20%. It also investigates the effect of fertilizer application on crude oil degradation. Changes in crude oil concentrations, pH and moisture of the soil in eight experimental pots were tracked over a period of 9 weeks. The crude oil levels in soil were analysed as Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) using the UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The study revealed the capacity of Mucuna bracteata to phytoremediate soil contaminated with crude oil in all experimental pots though the plant died at 20% contamination towards the end of the experiment. The plant survived up to 15% contamination with that in the fertilized pot showing better physical conditions. In all instances, fertilized pots showed higher rates of crude oil reduction. The amounts of crude oil degraded in fertilized pots were also higher except at 20% contamination. The soil pH varied over a narrow range throughout the experimental period. Moisture of soil contaminated with 15% and 20% crude oil was higher than that contaminated with 5% and 10% crude oil. Mucuna bracteata showed signs of phytoextraction which can be subject to further study. This study contributed a new candidate of phytoremediation for soil contaminated with high level of crude oil.

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BIOREMEDIATION OF A CAMBIC CHERNOZEM POLLUTED WITH PETROLEUM HYDROCARBONS

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:1124 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 65 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mariana Marinescu ◽

M. Dumitru ◽

Anca Lacatusu

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Organic Pollutant ◽

Complex Mixture ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Polluted Soils ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Sources Of Pollution ◽

Biological Methods ◽

Physical And Chemical

The exploitation of petroleum has generated various sources of pollution in soil. In order to resolve this problem, several techniques have been developed. Physical and chemical methods are the most widely methods used for land treatment of oil polluted soils. These methods are expensive, ineffective and could cause a lot of damages on soil. The biological methods are not expensive and do not cause changes in the soil physical and chemical characteristics. Bioremediation is based on the capacity of microorganisms to degrade organic pollutant compounds, such as hydrocarbons. This study presents the preliminary results of a bioremediation alternative for soils polluted with crude oil (petroleum hydrocarbons). The bioremediation was achieved by increasing the microbial population by adding the fibers provided from celluloid wastes and bacteria inoculum. The paper presents the effect of a bioremediation treatment applied to a cambic chernozem polluted with 50000 mg kg-1 (5% crude oil) and 100000 mg kg-1 (10% crude oil) of a complex mixture of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH).

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Evolution of the Microbioal Population in a Polluted Soil with Petroleum Hydrocarbons

Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca Agriculture ◽

10.15835/buasvmcn-agr:4114 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 66 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Mariana MARINESCU ◽

M. DUMITRU ◽

Anca LĂCĂTUŞU ◽

Gabriela MIHALACHE

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Natural Product ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbon ◽

Environmental Problems ◽

Polluted Soil ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Biodegradation Rate ◽

Green House ◽

Bacterial Inoculum

Crude oil bioremediation of soils is limited by the bacteria activity in degrading the spills hydrocarbons. The aim of this study is to enhance the bioremediation of soils polluted with crude oil by adding the natural biodegradable product and bacterial inoculum. Biodegradation was quantified by total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) analyses. Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution is one of the main environmental problems, not only by the important amounts released but also because of their toxicity. The main objective of this work is to accelerate the biodegradation processes. The enhancement of petroleum hydrocarbons degradation was achieved under natural product treatment and bacterial inoculum. The bacterial inoculum was used to enrich indigenous microbes to enhance biodegradation rate in the green house experiment.

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Effects of local microbial bioaugmentation and biostimulation on the bioremediation of total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH) in crude oil contaminated soil based on laboratory and field observations

International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation ◽

10.1016/j.ibiod.2014.03.006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 90 ◽

pp. 115-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 123

Author(s):

Fatihah Suja ◽

Fazli Rahim ◽

Mohd Raihan Taha ◽

Nuraini Hambali ◽

M. Rizal Razali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Field Observations

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COMPARING CRUDE OIL TOXICITY UNDER STANDARD AND ENVIRONMENTALLY REALISTIC EXPOSURES

International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings ◽

10.7901/2169-3358-1995-1-1003 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 1995 (1) ◽

pp. 1003-1004 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Charles B. Pace ◽

James R. Clark ◽

Gail E. Bragin

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Real World ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Oil Spills ◽

Aquatic Toxicity ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Toxicity Tests ◽

Continuous Exposure ◽

Dispersed Oil ◽

Chemically Dispersed Oil

ABSTRACT Standard aquatic toxicity tests do not address real-world, spiked exposure scenarios that occur during oil spills. We evaluated differences in toxicity of physically and chemically dispersed Kuwait crude oil to mysids (Mysidopsis bahia) under continuous and spiked (half-life of 2 hours) exposure conditions. The 96-hr LC50s for physically dispersed oil were 0.78 mg/L (continuous) and >2.9 mg/L (spiked), measured as total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH). Values for chemically dispersed oil were 0.98 mg/L (continuous) and 17.7 mg/L (spiked) TPH. Continuous-exposure tests may overestimate the potential for toxic effects under real-world conditions by a factor of 18 or more.

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Stomatal Response of Maize (Zea mays L.) to Crude Oil Contamination in Soils

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app9194074 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (19) ◽

pp. 4074

Author(s):

Chaolan Zhang ◽

He Huang ◽

Yongxin Zhou ◽

Haiying Lin ◽

Tian Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Stomatal Density ◽

Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽

Soil Electrical Conductivity ◽

Maize Leaf ◽

Uptake Pathway ◽

Polycyclic Aromatic ◽

Stomatal Length ◽

Different Levels

In this study, maize plant was cultured in soil contaminated with different levels of crude oil. The purpose was to investigate the change of soil properties, leaf physiological and chemical parameters, and phenanthrene content in the leaf. Results showed that soil water content significantly increased when the levels of total petroleum hydrocarbons were 3700–17,800 mg/kg in soil, and soil electrical conductivity significantly increased compared with the control. In maize leaf, stomatal length and density, as well as K and Na contents decreased in contaminated treatments compared with the control. Stomatal length has a significant positive correlation with K content in leaf (r = 0.92, p < 0.01), while stomatal density was negatively correlated to the crude oil level in soil (r = −0.91, p < 0.05). Accumulation of phenanthrene in maize leaf was mainly through the foliar uptake pathway. Phenanthrene concentrations of maize leaf in oil-treated soil were less than that of the control, which exhibited a significant positive relationship with stomatal length (r = 0.98, p < 0.01). This study demonstrated that the stomata structure of maize could be influenced by crude oil and thus possibly controlling the accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aerial tissues. Based on these results, controlling stomata movement will be beneficial to phytoremediation of contaminated soil.

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