scholarly journals Exercise Addiction in the Sports Context: What Is Known and What Is Yet to Be Known

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Débora Godoy-Izquierdo ◽  
Estefanía Navarrón ◽  
Clara López-Mora ◽  
Juan González-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Explanatory Models ◽  
General Context ◽  
Physical Injury ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Exercise Addiction ◽  
Athletic Population ◽  
Competitive Athletes

AbstractExercise addiction (EA) involves excessive concerns for exercise routines, an abusive practice, and the inability to control one’s own behavior, as well as the presence of psychological processes that are typical of behavioral addictions such as abstinence. EA is further associated with an alteration of the individual’s personal, social, and professional functioning and a higher risk for several pathologies, including physical injury, psychological distress, and eating disorders. The present work presents a narrative scoping review of the state of the art and the main findings of the research on EA, with a focus in the athletic population. The prevalence of EA risk, between 1 and 52% and up to 80% when co-occurring with eating disturbances, is also reviewed. Additionally, some of the explanatory models proposed to date and their power and limitations in terms of their capacity for a consensual operationalization and characterization of EA, and thus for the optimal exploration and management of this condition, are discussed. Finally, some deficiencies in the research on EA are noted which are to be addressed to successfully respond to the intervention and prevention needs that occur both in the general context of exercise-sports practice and the specific context of competitive athletes.

scholarly journals State-of-the-Art Native Mass Spectrometry and Ion Mobility Methods to Monitor Homogeneous Site-Specific Antibody-Drug Conjugates Synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 498
Author(s):  
Evolène Deslignière ◽  
Anthony Ehkirch ◽  
Bastiaan L. Duivelshof ◽  
Hanna Toftevall ◽  
Jonathan Sjögren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Phase ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Native Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Drug Conjugates ◽  
Conjugation Process ◽  
Antibody Drug

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are biotherapeutics consisting of a tumor-targeting monoclonal antibody (mAb) linked covalently to a cytotoxic drug. Early generation ADCs were predominantly obtained through non-selective conjugation methods based on lysine and cysteine residues, resulting in heterogeneous populations with varying drug-to-antibody ratios (DAR). Site-specific conjugation is one of the current challenges in ADC development, allowing for controlled conjugation and production of homogeneous ADCs. We report here the characterization of a site-specific DAR2 ADC generated with the GlyCLICK three-step process, which involves glycan-based enzymatic remodeling and click chemistry, using state-of-the-art native mass spectrometry (nMS) methods. The conjugation process was monitored with size exclusion chromatography coupled to nMS (SEC-nMS), which offered a straightforward identification and quantification of all reaction products, providing a direct snapshot of the ADC homogeneity. Benefits of SEC-nMS were further demonstrated for forced degradation studies, for which fragments generated upon thermal stress were clearly identified, with no deconjugation of the drug linker observed for the T-GlyGLICK-DM1 ADC. Lastly, innovative ion mobility-based collision-induced unfolding (CIU) approaches were used to assess the gas-phase behavior of compounds along the conjugation process, highlighting an increased resistance of the mAb against gas-phase unfolding upon drug conjugation. Altogether, these state-of-the-art nMS methods represent innovative approaches to investigate drug loading and distribution of last generation ADCs, their evolution during the bioconjugation process and their impact on gas-phase stabilities. We envision nMS and CIU methods to improve the conformational characterization of next generation-empowered mAb-derived products such as engineered nanobodies, bispecific ADCs or immunocytokines.

scholarly journals Hecke’s modular forms by functional equations

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (05) ◽  
pp. 1247-1256
Author(s):  
Bernhard Heim
Keyword(s):  
Modular Forms ◽  
Functional Equations ◽  
Hecke Operators ◽  
General Context ◽  
Periodic Functions

We investigate the interplay between multiplicative Hecke operators, including bad primes, and the characterization of modular forms studied by Hecke. The operators are applied on periodic functions, which lead to functional equations characterizing certain eta-quotients. This can be considered as a prototype for functional equations in the more general context of Borcherds products.

scholarly journals Bayesian Classification of Microbial Communities Based on 16S rRNA Metagenomic Data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arghavan Bahadorinejad ◽  
Ivan Ivanov ◽  
Johanna W Lampe ◽  
Meredith AJ Hullar ◽  
Robert S Chapkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Sample Data

AbstractWe propose a Bayesian method for the classification of 16S rRNA metagenomic profiles of bacterial abundance, by introducing a Poisson-Dirichlet-Multinomial hierarchical model for the sequencing data, constructing a prior distribution from sample data, calculating the posterior distribution in closed form; and deriving an Optimal Bayesian Classifier (OBC). The proposed algorithm is compared to state-of-the-art classification methods for 16S rRNA metagenomic data, including Random Forests and the phylogeny-based Metaphyl algorithm, for varying sample size, classification difficulty, and dimensionality (number of OTUs), using both synthetic and real metagenomic data sets. The results demonstrate that the proposed OBC method, with either noninformative or constructed priors, is competitive or superior to the other methods. In particular, in the case where the ratio of sample size to dimensionality is small, it was observed that the proposed method can vastly outperform the others.Author summaryRecent studies have highlighted the interplay between host genetics, gut microbes, and colorectal tumor initiation/progression. The characterization of microbial communities using metagenomic profiling has therefore received renewed interest. In this paper, we propose a method for classification, i.e., prediction of different outcomes, based on 16S rRNA metagenomic data. The proposed method employs a Bayesian approach, which is suitable for data sets with small ration of number of available instances to the dimensionality. Results using both synthetic and real metagenomic data show that the proposed method can outperform other state-of-the-art metagenomic classification algorithms.

scholarly journals A Characterization of Polynomial Density on Curves via Matrix Algebra

Mathematics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1231
Author(s):  
Carmen Escribano ◽  
Raquel Gonzalo ◽  
Emilio Torrano
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Algebra ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Positive Semidefinite ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Alternative Proof ◽  
General Context ◽  
Positive Semidefinite Matrices ◽  
Jordan Curves ◽  
Point Evaluations

In this work, our aim is to obtain conditions to assure polynomial approximation in Hilbert spaces L 2 ( μ ) , with μ a compactly supported measure in the complex plane, in terms of properties of the associated moment matrix with the measure μ . To do it, in the more general context of Hermitian positive semidefinite matrices, we introduce two indexes, γ ( M ) and λ ( M ) , associated with different optimization problems concerning theses matrices. Our main result is a characterization of density of polynomials in the case of measures supported on Jordan curves with non-empty interior using the index γ and other specific index related to it. Moreover, we provide a new point of view of bounded point evaluations associated with a measure in terms of the index γ that will allow us to give an alternative proof of Thomson’s theorem, by using these matrix indexes. We point out that our techniques are based in matrix algebra tools in the framework of Hermitian positive definite matrices and in the computation of certain indexes related to some optimization problems for infinite matrices.

Protein Interactions for Functional Genomics

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Pablo Minguez ◽  
Joaquin Dopazo
Keyword(s):  
Graph Theory ◽  
Protein Interactions ◽  
Biological Networks ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Protein Protein Interactions ◽  
Pairwise Interactions ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Functional Profiling ◽  
Available Resources

Here the authors review the state of the art in the use of protein-protein interactions (ppis) within the context of the interpretation of genomic experiments. They report the available resources and methodologies used to create a curated compilation of ppis introducing a novel approach to filter interactions. Special attention is paid in the complexity of the topology of the networks formed by proteins (nodes) and pairwise interactions (edges). These networks can be studied using graph theory and a brief introduction to the characterization of biological networks and definitions of the more used network parameters is also given. Also a report on the available resources to perform different modes of functional profiling using ppi data is provided along with a discussion on the approaches that have typically been applied into this context. They also introduce a novel methodology for the evaluation of networks and some examples of its application.

scholarly journals Micro- and Macroscale Consequences of Interactions between CO2 and Shale Rocks

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad H. Bhuiyan ◽  
Nicolaine Agofack ◽  
Kamila M. Gawel ◽  
Pierre R. Cerasi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Experimental Approach ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Acoustic Measurements ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

In carbon storage activities, and in shale oil and gas extraction (SOGE) with carbon dioxide (CO2) as stimulation fluid, CO2 comes into contact with shale rock and its pore fluid. As a reactive fluid, the injected CO2 displays a large potential to modify the shale’s chemical, physical, and mechanical properties, which need to be well studied and documented. The state of the art on shale–CO2 interactions published in several review articles does not exhaust all aspects of these interactions, such as changes in the mechanical, petrophysical, or petrochemical properties of shales. This review paper presents a characterization of shale rocks and reviews their possible interaction mechanisms with different phases of CO2. The effects of these interactions on petrophysical, chemical and mechanical properties are highlighted. In addition, a novel experimental approach is presented, developed and used by our team to investigate mechanical properties by exposing shale to different saturation fluids under controlled temperatures and pressures, without modifying the test exposure conditions prior to mechanical and acoustic measurements. This paper also underlines the major knowledge gaps that need to be filled in order to improve the safety and efficiency of SOGE and CO2 storage.

scholarly journals 3D characterization of heat-induced morphological changes of Au nanostars by fast in situ electron tomography

Nanoscale ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (48) ◽  
pp. 22792-22801 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Vanrompay ◽  
Eva Bladt ◽  
Wiebke Albrecht ◽  
Armand Béché ◽  
Marina Zakhozheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Electron Tomography ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Gold Nanostars ◽  
Fast Acquisition

The thermal reshaping and its influence on the plasmonic properties of gold nanostars are investigated using a combination of in situ tomography and a state-of-the-art fast acquisition approach.

scholarly journals Comparison of Above-Water Seabird and TriOS Radiometers along an Atlantic Meridional Transect

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1669
Author(s):  
Krista Alikas ◽  
Viktor Vabson ◽  
Ilmar Ansko ◽  
Gavin H. Tilstone ◽  
Giorgio Dall’Olmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Ocean Color ◽  
Percentage Difference ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Reference Measurements ◽  
Satellite Ocean Color ◽  
Good Agreement

The Fiducial Reference Measurements for Satellite Ocean Color (FRM4SOC) project has carried out a range of activities to evaluate and improve the state-of-the-art in ocean color radiometry. This paper described the results from a ship-based intercomparison conducted on the Atlantic Meridional Transect 27 from 23rd September to 5th November 2017. Two different radiometric systems, TriOS-Radiation Measurement Sensor with Enhanced Spectral resolution (RAMSES) and Seabird-Hyperspectral Surface Acquisition System (HyperSAS), were compared and operated side-by-side over a wide range of Atlantic provinces and environmental conditions. Both systems were calibrated for traceability to SI (Système international) units at the same optical laboratory under uniform conditions before and after the field campaign. The in situ results and their accompanying uncertainties were evaluated using the same data handling protocols. The field data revealed variability in the responsivity between TRiOS and Seabird sensors, which is dependent on the ambient environmental and illumination conditions. The straylight effects for individual sensors were mostly within ±3%. A near infra-red (NIR) similarity correction changed the water-leaving reflectance (ρw) and water-leaving radiance (Lw) spectra significantly, bringing also a convergence in outliers. For improving the estimates of in situ uncertainty, it is recommended that additional characterization of radiometers and environmental ancillary measurements are undertaken. In general, the comparison of radiometric systems showed agreement within the evaluated uncertainty limits. Consistency of in situ results with the available Sentinel-3A Ocean and Land Color Instrument (OLCI) data in the range from (400…560) nm was also satisfactory (−8% < Mean Percentage Difference (MPD) < 15%) and showed good agreement in terms of the shape of the spectra and absolute values.

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