Bovine milk gangliosides: Changes in ceramide moiety with stage of lactation

Lipids ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 291-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Jesús Martín ◽  
Samuel Martín-Sosa ◽  
Pablo Hueso
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Ceramide Moiety

Variation of freezing point of cow's milk free from extraneous water during lactation

2000 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
B.A. Slaghuis ◽  
G.H. Klungel
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Freezing Points ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
One Year ◽  
Morning Milk

AbstractThe freezing point of bovine milk is known to vary between narrow limits. However, some variation is possible, because of the osmotic relationship between blood and milk. The extent of variation in freezing points of cow's milk was studied. For one year, freezing points were determined in individual milk samples from a high producing herd. Differences (P<0.05) were found between evening and morning milk yield and freezing points. A ‘lactation curve’ for freezing points was fitted and showed some similarity with milk yield curves. Stage of lactation explained part of the variation of freezing points of cow's milk.

Variation in activity and heterogeneity of bovine milk proteases with stage of lactation and somatic cell count

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. Larsen ◽  
P.L.H. McSweeney ◽  
M.G. Hayes ◽  
J.B. Andersen ◽  
K.L. Ingvartsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

Biochemical characterization of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk lysozyme

2003 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhadra Priyadarshini ◽  
Vinod K Kansal
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Buffalo Milk ◽  
Lysozyme Activity ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

Lysozyme, a low-molecular weight basic protein, is an important component of the antibacterial system in milk. Lysozyme activity is higher in buffalo milk (60±3·9×10−3 units/ml) than in bovine milk (29·1±1·5×10−3 units/ml). Buffalo colostrum contains five-times more lysozyme activity than mature milk (Priyadarshini & Kansal, 2002a). Lysozyme activity in buffalo milk is not influenced by the parity of animal or stage of lactation, but it increases during extreme weather (winter and summer). Lysozyme in buffalo milk is more stable than in cow milk during storage and heat treatment. A sharp increase in milk lysozyme has been observed in buffaloes with sub-clinical mastitis (Priyadarshini & Kansal, 2002a).

scholarly journals Effects of stage of lactation and time of year on plasmin-derived proteolytic activity in bovine milk in New Zealand

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
GINA D. NICHOLAS ◽  
MARTIN J. AULDIST ◽  
PETER C. MOLAN ◽  
KERST STELWAGEN ◽  
COLIN G. PROSSER
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Plasmin Activity ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Autumn And Winter

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of stage of lactation (SOL) and time of year on plasmin-derived proteolytic activity in the milk of pasture-fed dairy cows in New Zealand. Four herds of 20 Friesian cows were used, one herd calving in each of January, April, July and October. Cows grazed ryegrass/white clover pasture only, except during June (winter) when all cows received supplementary pasture silage. Milk samples were collected on four occasions during the year (spring, summer, autumn and winter) from each cow in milk, to give a total of three samples per cow (early, mid and late lactation; c. 30, 120 and 220 days after calving, respectively). Milk samples were analysed for plasmin-derived proteolytic activity. There was no effect of either SOL or time of year on plasmin activity and therefore yields of plasmin followed patterns in milk yield (highest in early lactation and in summer). There were effects of both SOL and time of year on plasminogen-derived and total plasmin plus plasminogen-derived activity, both of which were highest in late lactation and in spring. Changes in plasminogen-derived activity and total plasmin plus plasminogen-derived activity due to SOL were not only due to the decrease in milk yield associated with advancing lactation, because enzyme yields were also increased with advancing lactation. Similarly, effects of time of year on plasminogen-derived activity and total plasmin plus plasminogen-derived activity could not be attributed solely to concomitant changes in milk yield, and may be influenced by the variation in the quality and quantity of feed during the year inherent in a pasture-based dairy system. Effects of SOL on proteolytic activity were greater than, and independent of, effects of time of year.

Raw bovine milk improves gut responses to feeding relative to infant formula in preterm piglets

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (1) ◽  
pp. G81-G90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanqi Li ◽  
Mikkel L. Jensen ◽  
Dereck E. W. Chatterton ◽  
Bent B. Jensen ◽  
Thomas Thymann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infant Formula ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Powder ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Preterm Neonates ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Lactase Activity ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

For preterm neonates, the quality of the first milk is crucial for intestinal maturation and resistance to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Among other factors, milk quality is determined by the stage of lactation and processing. We hypothesized that unprocessed mature bovine milk (BM; raw bovine milk) would have less bioactivity than corresponding bovine colostrum (BC) in a preterm pig model, but have improved bioactivity relative to its homogenized, pasteurized, spray-dried equivalent, whole milk powder (WMP), or a bovine milk protein-based infant formula (IF). For 5 days, newborn preterm pigs received parenteral and enteral nutrition consisting of IF ( n = 13), BM ( n = 13), or BC ( n = 14). In a second study, WMP ( n = 15) was compared with IF ( n = 10) and BM ( n = 9). Compared with pigs fed IF, pigs that were fed BM had significantly improved intestinal structure (mucosal weight, villus height) and function (increased nutrient absorption and enzyme activities, decreased gut permeability, nutrient fermentation, and NEC severity). BC further improved these effects relative to BM (lactase activity, lactose absorption, plasma citrulline, and tissue interleukin-8). WMP induced similar effects as BM, except for lactase activity and lactose absorption. In conclusion, the maturational and protective effects on the immature intestine decreased in the order BC>BM>WMP, but all three intact bovine milk diets were markedly better than IF. The stage of lactation (colostrum vs. mature milk) and milk processing (e.g., homogenization, fractionation, pasteurization, spray-drying) are important factors in determining milk quality during the early postnatal period of preterm neonates.

Effect of stage of lactation, stage of pregnancy, milk yield and herd management on seasonal variation in spontaneous lipolysis in bovine milk

1986 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Paule Chazal ◽  
Yves Chilliard
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Bulk Tank ◽  
One Year

SummaryThe free fatty acid (FFA) levels after milking (initial FFA) and after 22 h storage at 4°C (FFA-22) were determined in milk from 57 cows every 2 weeks for one year. FFA levels which were higher in summer than in winter were explained by later stages of lactation occurring in summer. Initial FFA content increased regularly during lactation. FFA-22 content increased after 12 weeks, and further after 32 weeks of lactation. The first increase was due to stage of lactation. The second increase, which appeared in late lactation, was essentially due to the stage of pregnancy combined with the effect of milk yield. FFA-22 content increased in the second part of pregnancy, chiefly after 24 weeks. A low milk yield (≼ 5 kg) further increased lipolysis, but only after 16 weeks of pregnancy. The effect of stage of pregnancy may have been enhanced by management factors such as feeding conditions. In this investigation, the seasonal FFA variation in bulk tank milk could be explained entirely by physiological factors.

Lipolysis and the distribution of lipase activity in bovine milk in relation to stage of lactation and time of milking

1985 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lennart Ahrné ◽  
Lennart Björck
Keyword(s):  
Lipase Activity ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Milk Fat Globule ◽  
Fat Globule ◽  
Morning Milk ◽  
Two Stages

SUMMARYThe increase in levels of free fatty acids (FFA) in morning and afternoon milk after 48 h cold storage at 5 °C was determined at two stages of lactation in milk from 96 cows. Lipolysis was positively correlated to day of lactation (r = 0·6, P < 0·001), while the correlations between lipolysis and milk yield and fat content respectively were due to these factors being related to day of lactation. In afternoon milk the level of FFA increased almost three times above that in morning milk. Lipolysis was closely related to the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity associated with the cream fraction (r = 0·8, P < 0·001). Afternoon milk had higher LPL activity in the cream fraction than morning milk. Lipase activity in the cream increased with increasing stage of lactation. Cooling of milk increased LPL activity associated with the fat phase. This effect was greater in afternoon milk from late lactation than in morning milk from early lactation. When heparin was added to milk the LPL activity associated with the fat increased substantially; again, this effect was greater in afternoon milk from late lactation than in morning milk from early lactation. Lipolysis was higher in heparinized milk than in normal milk, and there was a close correlation between lipolysis and LPL activity associated with the fat (r = 0·82, P < 0·001). Characteristics of the milk fat globule influencing the attraction of LPL were found to be fundamentally important to lipolysis.

569. A comparison of the diagnostic value of the total and differential cell counts of bovine milk

1955 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Blackburn ◽  
Constance M. Laing ◽  
D. F. Malcolm
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Total Cell ◽  
Total Cell Count ◽  
Bacteriological Examination ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Differential Cell

Total and differential cell counts were obtained for 1710 samples of milk taken from cows in which the stage of lactation was known. A bacteriological examination of the samples was also made. The total and differential cell counts considered together showed no marked advantage over the total cell count alone in the diagnosis of mastitis, except in milk of late lactation.

Effect of altering the daily herbage allowance in mid lactation on the composition and processing characteristics of bovine milk

1997 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERNADETTE O'BRIEN ◽  
JOHN J. MURPHY ◽  
JAMES F. CONNOLLY ◽  
RAJ MEHRA ◽  
TIMOTHY P. GUINEE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Total Milk ◽  
Quality Type ◽  
The Relationship

Milk production in Ireland, New Zealand and Australia is seasonal, with the majority of cows calving in spring. This pattern of production makes the maximum use of grazed grass, and in Ireland >80% of total milk for manufacturing is produced between April and November inclusive. Such a seasonal pattern of production results in a large variation in the gross composition of milk due to stage of lactation effects (Phelan et al. 1982). Some studies have investigated the relationship between milk composition and its processing characteristics (O'Keeffe et al. 1982; Grandison et al. 1984); however, in these studies the effects of diet and lactation stage were not segregated. Kefford et al. (1995) attempted to segregate the effects of diet and stage of lactation and concluded that diet quality (type and quantity) had a larger effect on Cheddar cheese quality than the stage of lactation.The nutritive value of the diet of cows fed on grazed grass can change owing to changes in grass supply or quality. In the current study, changes in grass supply were achieved by altering the daily herbage allowance (DHA) to the herds. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of varying the DHA in the range 16–24 kg grass dry matter (DM), which is typical of the variation in pasture allowance in Ireland in mid lactation, on milk composition and its processing characteristics.

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