The role of cuscutain-propeptide inhibitor in haustoria parasitism and enhanced resistance to dodder in transgenic alfalfa expressing this propeptide

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-173
Author(s):  
Massoume Amini ◽  
Haidar Saify Nabiabad ◽  
Ali Deljou
Keyword(s):  
Transgenic Alfalfa ◽  
Enhanced Resistance

scholarly journals The Overexpression of Glutamine Synthetase in Transgenic Poplar: A Review

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 278-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. G. Kirby ◽  
F. Gallardo ◽  
H. Man ◽  
R. El-Khatib
Keyword(s):  
Glutamine Synthetase ◽  
Woody Plant ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
Considerable Effort ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract In investigating the pivotal role of glutamine synthetase in woody plant development, we have strived to develop an understanding of the biochemical and physiological mechanisms whereby enhanced expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) in poplar contributes to vegetative growth through enhanced nitrogen use efficiency. Considerable effort has also centered on characterization of enhanced resistance of transgenic GS overexpressor lines to abiotic stresses and proposed mechanisms. This summary of our work also focuses on future applications in forest tree improvement.

scholarly journals Role of Plasmalogens in the Enhanced Resistance of LDL to Copper-Induced Oxidation After LDL Apheresis

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 2431-2438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Hahnel ◽  
Joachim Thiery ◽  
Thorolf Brosche ◽  
Bernd Engelmann
Keyword(s):  
Ldl Apheresis ◽  
Enhanced Resistance

Role of the gut microbiota in airway immunity and host defense against respiratory infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maike Willers ◽  
Dorothee Viemann
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Host Defense ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
Commensal Microbiota ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Colonization of the intestine with commensal bacteria is known to play a major role in the maintenance of human health. An altered gut microbiome is associated with various ensuing diseases including respiratory diseases. Here, we summarize current knowledge on the impact of the gut microbiota on airway immunity with a focus on consequences for the host defense against respiratory infections. Specific gut commensal microbiota compositions and functions are depicted that mediate protection against respiratory infections with bacterial and viral pathogens. Lastly, we highlight factors that have imprinting effects on the establishment of the gut microbiota early in life and are potentially relevant in the context of respiratory infections. Deepening our understanding of these relationships will allow to exploit the knowledge on how gut microbiome maturation needs to be modulated to ensure lifelong enhanced resistance towards respiratory infections.

Overexpression of TEL-MN1 Fusion Enhances Resistance of HL-60 Cells to Idarubicin

Chemotherapy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenglan Gong ◽  
Mengqiao Guo ◽  
Gusheng Tang ◽  
Jianmin Yang ◽  
Huiying Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Chromosome Abnormality ◽  
Chemotherapy Resistance ◽  
Retroviral Vector ◽  
Promote Cell Proliferation ◽  
Enhanced Resistance

Background: The translocation t(12; 22) (p13;q12) is a recurrent but infrequent chromosome abnormality in human myeloid malignancies. To date, the role of TEL-MN1 fusion in leukemogenic process and drug resistance is still largely unknown. Methods: In the present study, the TEL-MN1 fusion was transfected into HL-60 cells to upregulate TEL-MN1 expression via a retroviral vector. MTT assay was employed to examine cell viability and flow cytometry was performed to evaluate cell apoptosis. Idarubicin was used to treat HL-60 cells for estimating the effect of TEL-MN1 fusion on the chemotherapy resistance. Results: The results showed that overexpression of TEL-MN1 in HL-60 cells could promote cell proliferation, suggesting that TEL-MN1 may be involved in the leukemogenesis process. HL-60 cells treated with idarubicin showed a weakened cell viability, whereas TEL-MN1 overexpression attenuated the idarubicin-induced inhibition of cell viability and acceleration of cell apoptosis of HL-60 cells. Conclusion: Taken together, our results indicated that TEL-MN1 fusion is an oncogene involved in the leukemogenesis process and TEL-MN1 overexpression enhanced resistance of HL-60 cells to idarubicin, which may provide a useful tool for studying the mechanism of leukemogenesis and drug resistance.

scholarly journals Minireview: Role of the Growth Hormone/Insulin-Like Growth Factor System in Mammalian Aging

Endocrinology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 146 (9) ◽  
pp. 3718-3723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Bartke
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Induced Mutations ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Average Life Span ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Extended Longevity ◽  
Resistance To Stress

Abstract The important role of IGF and insulin-related signaling pathways in the control of longevity of worms and insects is very well documented. In the mouse, several spontaneous or experimentally induced mutations that interfere with GH biosynthesis, GH actions, or sensitivity to IGF-I lead to extended longevity. Increases in the average life span in these mutants range from approximately 20–70% depending on the nature of the endocrine defect, gender, diet, and/or genetic background. Extended longevity of hypopituitary and GH-resistant mice appears to be due to multiple mechanisms including reduced insulin levels, enhanced insulin sensitivity, alterations in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, reduced generation of reactive oxygen species, enhanced resistance to stress, reduced oxidative damage, and delayed onset of age-related disease. There is considerable evidence to suggest that the genetic and endocrine mechanisms that influence aging and longevity in mice may play a similar role in other mammalian species, including the human.

scholarly journals 806 PB 118 CHARACTERIZATION OF BERRY CUTICLE AND EPICUTICULAR WAX OF GRAPE CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 548f-548
Author(s):  
Edward W. Hellman ◽  
Laurel Raines
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Epicuticular Wax ◽  
First Line ◽  
Grape Berries ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Surface Wax ◽  
Epicuticular Wax Layer ◽  
Grape Cultivars

The cuticle and epicuticular wax layer of grape berries provides a first line of defense against fungal pathogens. A relatively thick cuticle and wax layer may result in enhanced resistance to Botrytis cinerea Pers. The structure of epicuticular wax also has been postulated to play a role in Botryris resistance. To examine the role of cuticle and wax in disease resistance, berries of diverse grape cultivars were sampled to quantify the cuticle and wax layers. Wax surface structure was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Significant differences among cultivars were found for both cuticle and wax measurements. Environmental conditions may influence development of these layers, some cultivars had significantly greater cuticle and wax layers in berries that developed in full sunlight. Visual differences in surface wax appearance were apparent among cultivars. Size, density and orientation of wax platelets varied among cultivars.

scholarly journals The Pseudomonas syringae avrRpt2 Gene Product Promotes Pathogen Virulence from Inside Plant Cells

2000 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1312-1321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongying Chen ◽  
Andrew P. Kloek ◽  
Jens Boch ◽  
Fumiaki Katagiri ◽  
Barbara N. Kunkel
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
R Gene ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Pathogen Virulence ◽  
Enhanced Resistance ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
Avr Genes

Several bacterial avr genes have been shown to contribute to virulence on susceptible plants lacking the corresponding resistance (R) gene. The mechanisms by which avr genes promote parasitism and disease, however, are not well understood. We investigated the role of the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato avrRpt2 gene in pathogenesis by studying the interaction of P. syringae pv. tomato strain PstDC3000 expressing avrRpt2 with several Arabidopsis thaliana lines lacking the corresponding R gene, RPS2. We found that PstDC3000 expressing avrRpt2 grew to significantly higher levels and often resulted in the formation of more severe disease symptoms in ecotype No-0 plants carrying a mutant RPS2 allele, as well as in two Col-0 mutant lines, cpr5 rps2 and coi1 rps2, that exhibit enhanced resistance. We also generated transgenic A. thaliana lines expressing avrRpt2 and demonstrated, by using several different assays, that expression of avrRpt2 within the plant also promotes virulence of PstDC3000. Thus, AvrRpt2 appears to promote pathogen virulence from within the plant cell.

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