Trace Metal Release from Orthodontic Appliances by In Vivo Studies: A Systematic Literature Review

AbstractBrazilian health care programs recommend the use of cariostatic solutions of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) or sodium fluoride varnishes for children 0 to 3 years old with high or moderate caries activity for the control of caries lesions. SDF is a safe, economical, efficient and non-invasive coadjuvant agent, exerting an antibacterial action capable of reducing superficial mineral loss of the enamel and can be used in the treatment of deciduous and permanent teeth. The objective of this literature review was to gather current information on describing the mechanism of SDF action’ and its clinical application in young children in caries prevention and paralysis. The PubMed / Medline and Cochrane Library databases were accessed by identifying the relevant studies published in English from 1960 to May 2017. The search strategy employed the keywords: “Silver diamine fluoride” and “Children “or “Infant” and “Caries prevention”. Data extraction was performed in: 19 in vitro studies; 10 review articles and 8 in vivo studies. It was possible to conclude that SDF is almost twice as effective compared to fluoride varnish in caries paralysis. However, the contact time of the solution and the optimal frequency of application of the SDF are still undefined, inducing new projects and clinical studies in the search for an adequate clinical protocol of this cariostatic.Keywords: Preventive Dentistry. Children. Dental Caries.Resumo Os programas de assistência à saúde brasileiros recomendam para o controle das lesões de cárie a utilização de soluções cariostáticas de diamino fluoreto de prata - DFP ou vernizes de fluoreto de sódio para crianças de 0 a 3 anos com atividade de cárie alta ou moderada. O DFP é agente coadjuvante seguro, econômico, eficiente e não invasivo, exercendo ação antibacteriana capaz de reduzir a perda mineral superficial do esmalte e, pode ser utilizado no tratamento de dentes decíduos e permanentes. O objetivo desta revisão de literatura foi reunir informações atuais sobre descrever o mecanismo de ação do DFP e sua aplicação clínica em crianças de pouca idade na prevenção e paralisação da cárie. As bases de dados PubMed/Medline e Cochane Library foram acessadas identificando os estudos relevantes publicados em inglês, no período de 1960 a maio de 2017. A estratégia de busca empregou as palavras-chave: “Silver diamine fluoride” and “Children” or “Infant” and “Caries prevention”. A extração dos dados foi realizada em: 19 estudos in vitro; 10 artigos de revisão e 8 estudos in vivo. Foi possível concluir que o DFP apresenta-se quase duas vezes tão eficaz comparado ao verniz fluoretado na paralização de cárie. Porém, o tempo de contato da solução e a frequência ótima de aplicação do DFP ainda estão indefinidos, suscitando novos projetos e estudos clínicos na busca de adequado protocolo clínico deste cariostático.Palavra-chave: Odontologia Preventiva. Criança. Carie Dentária.

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Pharmacological and Therapeutic Potential of Myristicin: A Literature Review

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26195914 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (19) ◽

pp. 5914

Author(s):

Elisa Frederico Seneme ◽

Daiane Carla dos Santos ◽

Evelyn Marcela Rodrigues Silva ◽

Yollanda Edwirges Moreira Franco ◽

Giovanna Barbarini Longato

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Review Article ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Asian Continent ◽

Natural Origin ◽

Beneficial Effects

Natural products have been used by humanity for many centuries to treat various illnesses and with the advancement of technology, it became possible to isolate the substances responsible for the beneficial effects of these products, as well as to understand their mechanisms. In this context, myristicin, a substance of natural origin, has shown several promising activities in a large number of in vitro and in vivo studies carried out. This molecule is found in plants such as nutmeg, parsley, carrots, peppers, and several species endemic to the Asian continent. The purpose of this review article is to discuss data published in the last 10 years at Pubmed, Lilacs and Scielo databases, reporting beneficial effects, toxicity and promising data of myristicin for its future use in medicine. From 94 articles found in the literature, 68 were included. Exclusion criteria took into account articles whose tested extracts did not have myristicin as one of the major compounds.

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Nanocarriers in the delivery of hydroxychloroquine to the respiratory system: An alternative to COVID-19?

Current Drug Delivery ◽

10.2174/1567201817666200827110445 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

Author(s):

Iago Dillion Lima Cavalcanti ◽

Sandrelli Meridiana de Fátima Ramos dos Santos Medeiros ◽

Daniel Charles dos Santos Macêdo ◽

Isabella Macário Ferro Cavalcanti ◽

Mariane Cajubá de Britto Lira Nogueira

Keyword(s):

Viral Load ◽

Literature Review ◽

Therapeutic Effect ◽

Respiratory System ◽

Viable Alternative ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Lung Cells ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology

: In response to the global outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2, this article aims to propose the development of nanosystems for the delivery of hydroxychloroquine in the respiratory system to the treatment of COVID-19. Performed a descriptive literature review, using the descriptors "COVID-19", "Nanotechnology", "Respiratory Syndrome" and "Hydroxychloroquine", in the PubMed, ScienceDirect and SciElo databases. After analyzing the articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, they were divided into 3 sessions: Coronavirus: definitions, classifications and epidemiology, pharmacological aspects of hydroxychloroquine and pharmaceutical nanotechnology in targeting of drugs. We used 131 articles published until July 18, 2020. Hydroxychloroquine seems to promote a reduction in viral load, in vivo studies, preventing the entry of SARS-CoV-2 into lung cells, and the safety of its administration is questioned due to the toxic effects that it can develop, such as retinopathy, hypoglycemia and even cardiotoxicity. Nanosystems for the delivery of drugs in the respiratory system may be a viable alternative for the administration of hydroxychloroquine, which may enhance the therapeutic effect of the drug with a consequent decrease in its toxicity, providing greater safety for implementation in the clinic in the treatment of COVID-19.

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Do in vivo kinematic studies provide insight into adjacent segment degeneration? A qualitative systematic literature review

European Spine Journal ◽

10.1007/s00586-015-3992-0 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 24 (9) ◽

pp. 1865-1881 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Masoud Malakoutian ◽

David Volkheimer ◽

John Street ◽

Marcel F. Dvorak ◽

Hans-Joachim Wilke ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Systematic Literature Review ◽

Adjacent Segment Degeneration ◽

Adjacent Segment ◽

Kinematic Studies ◽

Insight Into

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Direct 3D Printing of Clear Orthodontic Aligners: Current State and Future Possibilities

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma14071799 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (7) ◽

pp. 1799

Author(s):

Gianluca M. Tartaglia ◽

Andrea Mapelli ◽

Cinzia Maspero ◽

Tommaso Santaniello ◽

Marco Serafin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

3D Printing ◽

New Technologies ◽

Tooth Movement ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Complex Method ◽

Suitable Alternative ◽

Current State

The recent introduction of three-dimensional (3D) printing is revolutionizing dentistry and is even being applied to orthodontic treatment of malocclusion. Clear, personalized, removable aligners are a suitable alternative to conventional orthodontic appliances, offering a more comfortable and efficient solution for patients. Including improved oral hygiene and aesthetics during treatment. Contemporarily, clear aligners are produced by a thermoforming process using various types of thermoplastic materials. The thermoforming procedure alters the properties of the material, and the intraoral environment further modifies the properties of a clear aligner, affecting overall performance of the material. Direct 3D printing offers the creation of highly precise clear aligners with soft edges, digitally designed and identically reproduced for an entire set of treatment aligners; offering a better fit, higher efficacy, and reproducibility. Despite the known benefits of 3D printing and the popularity of its dental applications, very limited technical and clinical data are available in the literature about directly printed clear aligners. The present article discusses the advantages of 3D printed aligners in comparison to thermoformed ones, describes the current state of the art, including a discussion of the possible road blocks that exist such as a current lack of approved and marketed materials and limited existence of aligner specific software. The present review suggests the suitability of 3D direct printed aligners is superior to that of thermoformed manufactured aligners because of the prior’s increased accuracy, load resistance, and lower deformation. It is an overall more stable way to produce an aligner where submillimeter movements can make a difference in treatment outcome. Direct 3D printing represents a complex method to control the thickness of the aligner and therefore has a better ability to control the force vectors that are used to produce tooth movement. There is currently no other approved material on the market that can do this. The conclusion of this article is that we encourage further in vitro and in vivo studies to test these new technologies and materials.

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The phytochemical diversity and product quality of shea butter present confounding factors to product standardization in research

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20183950 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 2070

Author(s):

Eliot T. Masters

Keyword(s):

Animal Model ◽

Literature Review ◽

Product Quality ◽

In Vivo Studies ◽

Shea Butter ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Product Standardization ◽

Anti Inflammatory

Muoghalu et al, describe the anti-inflammatory activity of whole unrefined shea butter in an animal model. This study is important because shea butter extracts have promising characteristics for treating inflammatory disorders. However, the authors did not appropriately characterise the concentration of the specific bioactive compounds identified from their literature review prior to their in vivo studies. This lack of characterisation limits ability to extrapolate the important anti-inflammatory findings more broadly.

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