Ethylene Response Factor (ERF) Family Proteins in Abiotic Stresses and CRISPR–Cas9 Genome Editing of ERFs for Multiple Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants: A Review

Abstract This chapter discusses the applications of CRISPR-mediated genome editing to improve the abiotic stress tolerance (such as drought, heat, waterlogging and cold tolerance) of maize. CRISPR/Cas9 has great potential for maize genome manipulation at desired sites. By using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing, numerous genes can be targeted to produce elite maize cultivars that minimize the challenges of abiotic stresses. In the future, more precise and accurate variants of the CRISPR/Cas9 toolbox are expected to be used for maize yield improvement.

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Genome Editing and Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crop Plants

Recent Approaches in Omics for Plant Resilience to Climate Change ◽

10.1007/978-3-030-21687-0_2 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 35-56

Author(s):

Giridara Kumar Surabhi ◽

Bijayalaxmi Badajena ◽

Santosh Kumar Sahoo

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Genome Editing ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Crop Plants

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Application of Genome Editing in Tomato Breeding: Mechanisms, Advances, and Prospects

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22020682 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 682

Author(s):

Hymavathi Salava ◽

Sravankumar Thula ◽

Vijee Mohan ◽

Rahul Kumar ◽

Fatemeh Maghuly

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Genome Editing ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Nutritional Quality ◽

Insertional Mutagenesis ◽

Crop Improvement ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Crop Plants

Plants regularly face the changing climatic conditions that cause biotic and abiotic stress responses. The abiotic stresses are the primary constraints affecting crop yield and nutritional quality in many crop plants. The advances in genome sequencing and high-throughput approaches have enabled the researchers to use genome editing tools for the functional characterization of many genes useful for crop improvement. The present review focuses on the genome editing tools for improving many traits such as disease resistance, abiotic stress tolerance, yield, quality, and nutritional aspects of tomato. Many candidate genes conferring tolerance to abiotic stresses such as heat, cold, drought, and salinity stress have been successfully manipulated by gene modification and editing techniques such as RNA interference, insertional mutagenesis, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR/Cas9). In this regard, the genome editing tools such as CRISPR/Cas9, which is a fast and efficient technology that can be exploited to explore the genetic resources for the improvement of tomato and other crop plants in terms of stress tolerance and nutritional quality. The review presents examples of gene editing responsible for conferring both biotic and abiotic stresses in tomato simultaneously. The literature on using this powerful technology to improve fruit quality, yield, and nutritional aspects in tomato is highlighted. Finally, the prospects and challenges of genome editing, public and political acceptance in tomato are discussed.

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ROLE AND FUNCTION OF ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR IN DIFFERENT PLANTS UNDER MULTIPLE BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESSES

Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology ◽

10.52700/pjbb.v1i1.11 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rabia Akram ◽

Farah Deeba ◽

Maryam Zain ◽

Nadia Iqbal

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factors ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Crop Production ◽

Ethylene Response Factor ◽

Response Factor ◽

Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽

Response Factors ◽

Ethylene Response

Abiotic and biotic stresses are the causes of drastic changes in plants growth and development.These stresses effect crop production and quality, thus result is in economic lose and food insecurity. Many factors play vital role in regulating growth of plants along with developmental pathways during biotic and abiotic stresses. Transcription factors are proteins that control physiological, developmental and stress responses in plants. Ethylene response factors belong to the biggest family of transcription factors, known to participate in various stress tolerance like drought, heat, salt and cold. They are significant regulators of plant gene expression. The objective of this review is to present how ethylene response factor family proteins became the focus of stress tolerance as well as the development and growth of plants.

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The Adaptation and Tolerance of Major Cereals and Legumes to Important Abiotic Stresses

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222312970 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (23) ◽

pp. 12970

Author(s):

Jagadish Rane ◽

Ajay Kumar Singh ◽

Mahesh Kumar ◽

K. M. Boraiah ◽

Kamlesh K. Meena ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Crop Production ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Grain Legumes ◽

Crop Plants ◽

Molecular Control ◽

Legume Crops

Abiotic stresses, including drought, extreme temperatures, salinity, and waterlogging, are the major constraints in crop production. These abiotic stresses are likely to be amplified by climate change with varying temporal and spatial dimensions across the globe. The knowledge about the effects of abiotic stressors on major cereal and legume crops is essential for effective management in unfavorable agro-ecologies. These crops are critical components of cropping systems and the daily diets of millions across the globe. Major cereals like rice, wheat, and maize are highly vulnerable to abiotic stresses, while many grain legumes are grown in abiotic stress-prone areas. Despite extensive investigations, abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants is not fully understood. Current insights into the abiotic stress responses of plants have shown the potential to improve crop tolerance to abiotic stresses. Studies aimed at stress tolerance mechanisms have resulted in the elucidation of traits associated with tolerance in plants, in addition to the molecular control of stress-responsive genes. Some of these studies have paved the way for new opportunities to address the molecular basis of stress responses in plants and identify novel traits and associated genes for the genetic improvement of crop plants. The present review examines the responses of crops under abiotic stresses in terms of changes in morphology, physiology, and biochemistry, focusing on major cereals and legume crops. It also explores emerging opportunities to accelerate our efforts to identify desired traits and genes associated with stress tolerance.

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Potential Application of CRISPR/Cas9 System to Engineer Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Protein and Peptide Letters ◽

10.2174/0929866528666210218220138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

Author(s):

Temoor Ahmed ◽

Muhammad Shahid ◽

Muhammad Noman ◽

Sher Muhammad ◽

Muhammad Tahir ul Qamar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Abiotic Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Genome Editing ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Potential Application ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Zinc Finger Nucleases ◽

Promising Tool ◽

Crop Varieties

Abstract: Abiotic stresses in plants such as salinity, drought, heavy metal toxicity, heat, and nutrients limitations significantly reduce agricultural production worldwide. The genome editing techniques such as transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) have been used for genome manipulations in plants. However, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) technique has recently emerged as a promising tool for genome editing in plants to acquire desirable traits. The CRISPR/Cas9 system has a great potential to develop crop varieties with improved tolerance against abiotic stresses. This review is centered on the biology and potential application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to improve abiotic stress tolerance in plants. Furthermore, this review highlighted the recent advancements of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing for sustainable agriculture.

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Down-Regulation of SlGRAS10 in Tomato Confers Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12050623 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 623

Author(s):

Sidra Habib ◽

Yee Yee Lwin ◽

Ning Li

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Down Regulation

Adverse environmental factors like salt stress, drought, and extreme temperatures, cause damage to plant growth, development, and crop yield. GRAS transcription factors (TFs) have numerous functions in biological processes. Some studies have reported that the GRAS protein family plays significant functions in plant growth and development under abiotic stresses. In this study, we demonstrated the functional characterization of a tomato SlGRAS10 gene under abiotic stresses such as salt stress and drought. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 by RNA interference (RNAi) produced dwarf plants with smaller leaves, internode lengths, and enhanced flavonoid accumulation. We studied the effects of abiotic stresses on RNAi and wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, SlGRAS10-RNAi plants were more tolerant to abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and Abscisic acid) than the WT plants. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 significantly enhanced the expressions of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to reduce the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2− and H2O2. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents were remarkably high in SlGRAS10-RNAi plants. Furthermore, the expression levels of chlorophyll biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and stress-related genes were also enhanced under abiotic stress conditions. Collectively, our conclusions emphasized the significant function of SlGRAS10 as a stress tolerate transcription factor in a certain variety of abiotic stress tolerance by enhancing osmotic potential, flavonoid biosynthesis, and ROS scavenging system in the tomato plant.

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