The Connection Between Language and the World: A Paradox of the Linguistic Turn?

2014 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cintia Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
The World

scholarly journals HERMENÊUTICA TRANSCENDENTAL

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (115) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
F. Javier Herrero
Keyword(s):  
Spoken Word ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Temporal Ontology ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Normative Power ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Reductive Process ◽  
Semantic Dimension

O autor tenta mostrar que a virada lingüística, realizada por Heidegger a partir de sua transformação hermenêutica da fenomenologia, leva consigo uma identificação de “linguagem” e “razão”, que terá como conseqüência uma destranscendentalização da razão, na medida em que a abertura lingüística do mundo se torna instância última de validade de toda experiência intramundana, de todo acontecer da verdade, o qual supõe a primazia do significado sobre a referência e, finalmente, a primazia da dimensão semântica sobre a pragmática (como medium do entendimento). Gadamer aprofunda as condições de possibilidade do entendimento mostrando a nossa pertença à tradição, de forma que a linguagem constitui o verdadeiro acontecer hermenêutico, na medida em que vem à fala o dito na tradição. Essa conexão com a tradição é vista como “fonte de verdade”, de forma que assegura o poder normativo da tradição, e continua o processo de destranscendentalização. Apel mostrará que a raiz deste processo redutor se encontra na equiparação das condições de possibilidade da compreensão do sentido com as condições de possibilidade da validade intersubjetiva da compreensão. Mas ele encontrará a resposta à pergunta pela validade, não numa ontologia temporal do compreender entendida como acontecer da verdade, mas em idéias regulativas no sentido de Kant e Peirce. Estas se mostram capazes de orientar normativamente a compreensão, possibilitando assim uma nova retranscendentalização da hermenêutica, não só compatível com a historicidade de toda constituição de sentido, mas de forma que permite a reconstrução do passado parra uma apropriação crítica das tradições culturais e a projeção de um novo futuro cada vez mais humano.Abstract: The author intends to show that the linguistic turn taken by Heidegger with his hermeneutical transformation of phenomenology, carries with it an identification between “language” and “reason”, which will lead to a detranscendentalization of the reason, in so far as the linguistic opening of the World becomes the ultimate instance of the value of all intermundane experience and of all happenings of truth, which supposes the precedence of meaning over reference and, finally, the precedence of the semantic dimension over the pragmatic one (as a medium of understanding). Gadamer furthers the conditions of the possibility of understanding showing our belonging to tradition, so that language constitutes the true hermeneutic happening, in so far as what is uttered is the spoken word of tradition. The connection with tradition is seen as “the source of all truth,” so that what he proposes secures the normative power of tradition and advances the detranscendentalization process. Apel will show that the root of this reductive process can be found in the equalization between the conditions of the possibility of the understanding of meaning and those of the possibility of the intersubjective validity of understanding. However, he will find an answer to the question of validity, not in a temporal ontology of understanding comprehended as a happening of truth, but in regulative ideas according to Kant and Peirce. Those ideas are able to normatively orient understanding, allowing for a new hermeneutical retranscendentalization, which is compatible with the historicity of any constitution of meaning in such a way that it enables the reconstruction of the past in view of a critical appropriation of cultural traditions and the projection of a new future, increasingly more human.

scholarly journals Philosophical and methodological landmarks of value and semantic informatization VS the "dictatorship" of digital information in the modern anthropological situation

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-30
Author(s):  
Viacheslav Osadchyi ◽  
Tamara Troitska
Keyword(s):  
Virtual World ◽  
Information Society ◽  
Spiritual Growth ◽  
World View ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Digital Information ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
World Outlook ◽  
The World

The article issue is a reflection of the anthropological situation of the world, which is manifested in the problematic nature of a decent human existence and its responsibility for the course of events of both personal life and community. The development of modern strategies for the development of humanity today is associated with the informatization, which "took" the knowledge society initiative to be a leader of the progress. The systematization of knowledge and conceptualization of the problem highlighted the contradictory information influence on the existential capabilities of the person and explicated risk factors, ideological and methodological orientations of the anthropologization of the informational-existential situation. Axiological, dialogical, phenomenological approaches and world-view interpretation of familiar concepts of "information society", theoretical reconstruction, content analysis and certain cognitive procedures became the basis for defining certain constructs and receptions: the direction of goals, content, organizational and managerial conditions of informatization to the cultural and spiritual growth, where information becomes "the supreme power that mediates all processes – from economy to spirit"; axiologicalization of the convergent space collision of the information, in particular virtual, world and the real one; taking into account the informatization of significant changes in the world outlook of the person, presenting philosophical reflection (post-metaphysical thinking, linguistic turn, refusal to recognize the superiority of theory over practice, concretization of mind); "humanization" of informatization, as a system-creating process of life, through a discursive, dialogical multicultural virtual world, approaching the cultural and educational space.

Narratives in International Studies Research

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behar Sadriu
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Narrative Theory ◽  
Narrative Research ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Future Policy

Narrative research is a trending topic in international studies, with a growing body of literature adopting limited insights from narratology, sociolinguistics, and related fields to construct new insights into the workings of international relations. These studies are mainly concerned with questions about how narratives can be used to shape future policy courses, or how they impact the identity of agents and actors. The proliferation of studies using “narratives” in international studies research has been widespread since the 2000s, following a series of puzzles raised by scholars writing on language and discourse more broadly, ever since the late 1980s as part of the “linguistic turn” in the field. The adoption of narrative theory into international relations research presents a series of important questions about the methodological implications of taking narratives seriously. These include inquiries into the extent to which scholars see themselves as contributing to current social, political, and economic configurations of the world through their own work. Other questions motivated by this include: can international relations scholarship contribute to narrative theories of their own, or are they content in borrowing insights from other disciplines? How far should scholars engage in assessing what actors say, rather than what they do? Or is this distinction a false one to begin with? Are there more or less potent narratives, and why do some become prominent while others do not? What is the causal significance of narratives, and what is the best way to study them?

Language, Thought and Writing: Hegel after Deconstruction and the Linguistic Turn

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 30-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Brockmeier
Keyword(s):  
Empty Space ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Work Situation ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
The World ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Genealogy Of Morals ◽  
Opening Up ◽  
Pragmatic Paradigm

“One of the most dangerous of ideas for a philosopher is, oddly enough, that we think with our heads, or in our heads.” Wittgenstein… aber wir sprechen das Allgemeine aus;” Hegel“Hegel is the last philosopher of the book and the first thinker of writing.” Derrida“Linguistic turn”, “pragmatic paradigm”, “Destruktion”, “deconstruction”, “condition postmoderne”, “pensiero debole” are not only philosophical labels. They are not only indices of intellectual positions which have inscribed themselves, as consequences as well as preconditions, in the end of traditional metaphysics. “Nothing is true, everything is permitted”, Nietzsche's Genealogy of Morals announces, describing the empty space which the metaphysical concepts have left; and in doing so opening up a seemingly boundless dimension for new developments of thoughts. The dilemma of these developments of modernity is that the vacuum they left, caused by their ruthless critique, cannot be refilled. So the outlook of modernity remains necessarily heterogeneous and unstable, meandering towards the colourful and fashionable-macabre extremes of postmodemity which gain from the tragic certainty of rien ne va plus the happy imperative of anything goes. But these are also ciphers of a particular philosophical-historical constellation, a work situation, in which the potencies of reason, being verhimmelt for a long time, now are going to be situated into their real contexts. Only, as Habermas puts it, “under the premises of an unexcited postmetaphysical thinking”, the once heroic concept of theory, which was meant to explain the world of human beings and their history as well as Nature out of onto-theleological principles of rationality, falls to pieces.

Echoing the Call for Multimodal Representation

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Renner
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Richard Rorty ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Visual Anthropology ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Visual Composition ◽  
Active Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Made In

The editor’s introduction to the Visual Anthropology Review, Vol. 32, Issue 2, from fall 2016 emphasizes the necessity of anthropology to engage in multimodal methodologies of research and research communication. An expanded view of visual anthropology, and its methodological and analytical contributions to current debates, recognizes and builds on the field’s commitment to a reflexive awareness of the social relationships at stake in the process of making images and an engagement with the politics of representation. It also encompasses an active approach toward learning to see how others see, how technologies of imaging picture the world, and a serious consideration of the technical capacities necessary for communicating ethnographic knowledge through visual composition, editing, and design. (Chio & Cox, 2016, pp. 101–102) The claim that the reflection on images has been neglected compared to the reflection on language, echoing in the introduction of Chio and Cox (216), has been made in the context of the iconic turn in the mid-1990s. In reference to the linguistic turn in philosophy coined by Richard Rorty (1967) in philosophy, art historian Gottfried Boehm (1994, pp. 11–38) described the iconic turn, and Thomas W. Mitchell (1995, pp. 11–34) used the term pictorial turn, observing a significant shift toward communication by images. Both recognized the increasing power of images in society through the digital means of communication, which enables everyone to easily create and disseminate images. Both were aware of the lack of reflection on the meaning of images in Western thought.

scholarly journals Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Language Volume 1

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Language ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Cutting Edge ◽  
Important Work ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Seminal Work ◽  
The World ◽  
Excellent Work ◽  
Annual Volume

Philosophy of language has been at the center of philosophical research since at least Frege’s seminal work at the turn of the 20th century. Since that “linguistic turn,” much of the most important work in philosophy has either involved, or been related to, philosophy of language. The annual volume of Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Language will capture cutting-edge, important, original work being done in this area. The series complements the excellent work appearing in the existing Oxford studies volumes. It is a forum for the best new philosophical papers in philosophy of language, by both senior and junior scholars from around the world. Anyone wanting to keep up with the cutting edge of work in the area could start with these volumes.

Twentieth-century philosophy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Livingston
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Logical Structure ◽  
Language Experience ◽  
Philosophical Practice ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
The World ◽  
Epistemological Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Although it is difficult to generalize, twentieth-century philosophy has a number of broadly characteristic and widely shared concerns. These include the ambition to clarify the nature and foundations of scientific knowledge; a concern with questions of meaning or sense in abeyance of assured theological or metaphysical foundations; questions about the role of mind, meaning, and value in the physical world; questions about the possibility and nature of an absolute or objective description of the world as a whole; questions about the relationship of language to thought and consciousness; and questions about the relationship of individual experience and freedom to broader systems of abstract rationality and collective practice. Much, though by no means all, of twentieth-century philosophy can be understood as taking or following the "linguistic turn." For philosophers within the linguistic turn, philosophical inquiry depends primarily on the investigation of public and intersubjectively shared language and linguistic meaning or its logical structure rather than the epistemological analysis of the subject-object relationship or the development of speculative, theological, or empirical results. The traditional problems of epistemology, ontology, metaphysics, and ethics can then best be taken up, or alternatively dissolved as pseudo-problems, by means of a systematic consideration of the language with which they are expressed. Despite the popularity of linguistic philosophy during much of the twentieth century, more recently many philosophers have turned away from the idea that philosophical explanation or argumentation should be grounded primarily in the analysis of language. Contemporary philosophy once more witnesses a robust field of discussion and argumentation about the possibility of substantive metaphysics, the ontology and structure of the world as such, and the proper aims and methods of philosophical practice. In its initial phases, twentieth-century philosophy is characterized programmatically by a number of strongly analytic, constructivist, or formalizing projects that attempt systematically to clarify or illuminate meaning, language, experience, or knowledge by means of a description or elucidation of their overall or underlying structure. It is typical of these initial projects (including those of logical positivism, phenomenology, structuralist linguistics, neo-Kantianism, and psychoanalysis) that they see themselves as, in one sense or another, scientific in motivation or spirit, rather than primarily as speculative or metaphysical, and as proceeding primarily by means of analysis rather than system-building. After World War II, central and organizing theses of these initial projects were subjected to varieties of internally motivated critique, which often challenged the coherence or philosophical utility of the idea of a comprehensive structure of meaning, of an a priori analysis of language or concepts, or the idea of any distinctive and well-defined methods of philosophy itself. Despite this, many of the broader methods and styles characteristic of these earlier projects continued, and they remain exemplary of the varieties of philosophical practice today.

Ludwig Wittgenstein As a Fictional Character. Part I

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-207
Author(s):  
Oxana A. Koval ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina B. Kriukova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ludwig Wittgenstein ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Fictional Character ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Language Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
The One

In these latter days, there is a clear tendency towards convergence in the com­plex relationship between the two language practices – fiction and philosophy. On the one hand, philosophy increasingly turns to the interpretation of important literary texts. On the other hand, literature responds to the challenges of modern thought. This paper focuses on the creative heritage and personality of Ludwig Wittgenstein, the main initiator of “linguistic turn”, from the point of view not of philosophical, but of literary reception. The art of the word in the 20th century was strongly charged due to the language problems. That is why it could not pass over in silence the philosopher, who showed that language activity is one of the fundamental factors in understanding the world. Different authors, such as Terry Eagleton, Bruce Duffy, Winfried G. Sebald, Umberto Eco, Edgar Lawrence Doctorow, Arkadii Dragomoshchenko, brought out in their works – directly or indirectly – a character undoubtedly similar to Wittgenstein. Eventually, the combination of different aspects creates an integral portrait of the Austrian thinker, representing an adequate alternative to philosophical approaches. The fic­titious space of literature allows us to show something that philosophy is unable to say – because of its disciplinary limits and its need to stay inside the facts and laws of logic. This confirms the well-known thesis of “Tractatus Logico-Philo­sophicus”: “What can be shown, cannot be said” (4.1212).

scholarly journals Postmodern worldview and problematic context of personality’s psychological cognition

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (82) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Myroslav Savchyn
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Linguistic Turn ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
The World ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Spiritual Self ◽  
Spiritual Suffering

The semantic characteristics of the postmodern worldview and its mostly destructive influence on the state of solving the existing problems of psychological science are analyzed at the methodological level. In this worldview, the image of the world is seen as a multidimensional, heterogeneous, mosaic formation, and culture is seen as a sphere of manifestation of the ecstasy of communication; emphasis is placed on the dynamics of processes and no attention is paid to stable modes; the order is sought in chaos, which somehow helps to maintain a sense of stability of the system in a deficit of order, the opposite processes of structuring and chaos are reflected and the idea of multiplicity of beauty is developed. In the bosom of this worldview, life is seen as a text, and communication (dialogue) as a key moment in the personality’s social existence, the contextuality (dependence on socio-cultural influences) of human’s everyday life is proclaimed, procedures of controlling the discourses are characterized, which is caused by “linguistic turn”, concentration of considerations on the texts. It is noted that postmodern ideology actually declares a taboo on science, objectivity in the world cognition, because imitation is attributed to reality itself, the possibility of constructing a systematized theory and philosophy is denied, the network principle of knowledge organization is proposed, and to ensure its “objectivity” it is proposed to abandon the category of subject in order to get rid of the subjectivity of cognition, which seems to be manifested in the adherence to values and meanings of cognitive activity, and to define the structure of cognition the concept of “epistem” is operated, which characterizes the structure of historically variable cognition. In general, in the postmodern worldview it is promoted to achieve objectivity through dialogue, communication, and convention, when intersubjectivity is a criterion of truth, and methodological progress is associated with interdisciplinarity and transdisciplinarity. In this worldview dimension, against the background of nihilism, the personality is considered as dynamic, flowing, changeable, polyphonic, not rigidly determined, emancipated structurally, and without a stabilizing core (spiritual Self, gender, Self-concept), individually unique is exaggeratedly interpreted, that one which is not combined with universal and neutral in relation to objective values (for example, amoralism). Freedom is misinterpreted as permissiveness, even in the field of self-realization and self-creation. The postmodernist idea of narrative as a textual interpretation of the world, one’s personality and one’s life is analyzed. It is argued that there can be different relationships between the processes of real life and narration, because a person is able to live fully without resorting to narration. It is noted that postmodernism neglects the stabilizing phenomena of the human’s inner world, the eternal meanings of life (creation of faith, love, good and the fight against evil, the spread of authentic freedom and responsibility, hope, happy moments, healing states of humility and repentance for unworthy deeds, spiritual understanding of suffering). It is argued that due to the focus on the spiritual in his inner world and life, personality constructively overcomes chaos, organizes worries, thoughts, intentions, she has great hope, realizes great life goals, finds authentic meanings of being and then she really feels happy. The spiritual Self makes us stronger, allows us to act intelligently in conditions of uncertainty, the pressure of complex problems allows us to overcome stressful situations, to benefit from our own spiritual suffering.

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