scholarly journals Production and Evaluation of Fractionated Tamarind Seed Oil Methyl Esters as a New Source of Biodiesel

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 7148
Author(s):  
Ayesha Mushtaq ◽  
Muhammad Asif Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Zahid ◽  
Umer Rashid ◽  
Zahid Mushtaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fuel Quality ◽  
Tamarind Seed

Biodiesel has attracted considerable interest as an alternative biofuel due to its many advantages over conventional petroleum diesel such as inherent lubricity, low toxicity, renewable raw materials, biodegradability, superior flash point, and low carbon footprint. However, high production costs, poor low temperature operability, variability of fuel quality from different feedstocks, and low storage stability negatively impact more widespread adoption. In order to reduce production costs, inexpensive inedible oilseed alternatives are needed for biodiesel production. This study utilized inedible tamarind (Tamarind indica) seed oil as an alternative biodiesel feedstock, which contained linoleic (31.8%), oleic (17.1%), and lauric (12.0%) acids as the primary fatty acids. A simple and cost-effective high vacuum fractional distillation (HVFD) methodology was used to separate the oil into three fractions (F1, F2, and F3). Subsequent transesterification utilizing basic, acidic, and enzymatic catalysis produced biodiesel of consistent quality and overcame the problem of low temperature biodiesel performance. The most desirable biodiesel with regard to low temperature operability was produced from fractions F2 and F3, which were enriched in unsaturated fatty acids relative to tamarind seed oil. Other properties such as density and cetane number were within the limits specified in the American and European biodiesel standards.

scholarly journals Improvement of Chemical Composition of Tisochrysis lutea Grown Mixotrophically under Nitrogen Depletion towards Biodiesel Production

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 4609
Author(s):  
Adel W. Almutairi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Nitrogen Deficiency ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Nitrogen Depletion ◽  
Tisochrysis Lutea ◽  
The Impact

In the present study, the marine microalga Tisochrysis lutea was cultivated mixotrophically in F2 growth medium with sodium acetate as exogenous carbon source. The medium was composed of different concentrations of nitrogen to determine the impact of nitrogen depletion on cellular growth and chemical composition. Nitrogen depletion led to severely decreased growth and protein content. However, mild nitrogen depletion (0.22 mM NaNO3) led to maximum lipid yield. The fatty acid methyl ester profile also showed increased unsaturation as the nitrogen content decreased. Growth in nitrogen-free medium increased the proportions of mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, while the proportion of saturated fatty acids decreased. Growth under all tested nitrogen levels showed undetectable fatty acids with ≥4 double bonds, indicating these fatty acids had oxidative stability. In addition, all tested nitrogen concentrations led to specific gravity, kinematic viscosity, iodine value, and cetane number that meet the standards for Europe and the U.S.A. However, growth in the presence of nitrogen deficiency enhanced the higher heating value of the resulting biodiesel, a clear advantage from the perspective of energy efficiency. Thus, mixotrophic cultivation of T. lutea with nitrogen limitation provides a promising approach to achieve high lipid productivity and production of high-quality biodiesel.

scholarly journals Assessment of Physicochemical and Fatty Acids Composition of Crude Seed Oil Extract of Azadirachta indica Adr. Juss. for its potential in Biodiesel Production

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-143
Author(s):  
M.S Chomini ◽  
V.I Joshua ◽  
A.R John ◽  
M.P Ishaya
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Oil Extract

This study investigates the physico-chemical and fatty acids composition of crude seed oil extracts of Azadirachta indica . The main objective was to evaluate some biodiesel characteristics of the crude seed oil extract of Azadirachta indica. The procedures of the Association of Official and Analytical Chemist (AOAC) were used for assessment of some physical, biochemical, and fatty acids constituents of the test seed oil extract. The physical properties assayed for indicate that the oil is liquid at room temperature, non-drying, with specific gravity, with flash and melting points of 0.910±0.08 g/cm3, 80±2.10°C and 76±1.60°C respectively. The chemical properties included 66.77±2.55 g/100g (iodine value), 1.465±0.07 (refractive index@ 30°C), 212.96±1.16 mgKOH/g (saponification value), 0.39±0.16 meq/Kg (peroxide value), 4.24±0.12 mgKOH/g (acid value), 2.20±0.12 mm2/s (viscosity value), 56.91±2.19 (cetane number), 39.21±1.11 MJ/kg (calorific value) and 2.13±0.05% w/w (free fatty acids). Fatty acids composition of the crude seed oil of A. indica obtained were linoleic, hexadecanoic, octadecanoic and alpha linolenic acids, with retention time and % composition of 18.2 min and 10.8±0.50%, 22.2 min and 30.01±1.79%, 18.2 min and 59.10±2.22%, and 20.2 min and 0.09±0.02% respectively. The crude seed oil extract clearly presents a potential as a biodiesel substrate for incorporation as a proximate blend in auto-engines. This therefore would necessitate intensive afforestation efforts of the plant species for sustainable utilization. Keywords: Azadirachta indica, Biodiesel, physico-chemical, fatty acids, crude seed oil, extracts

scholarly journals The effects of breed and feeding regime on the chemical composition of pig back fat as a potential raw material for biodiesel production

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Mladen Popovac ◽  
Dragan Radojkovic ◽  
Milica Petrovic ◽  
Marija Gogic ◽  
Dragan Stanojevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition of the back fat tissue of mangalitsa pig and meaty pig breeds and their crosses, and the pigs that were fed with feed that was enriched or unenriched with oil, from the aspect of the production of biodiesel, where the starting material for the fuel would be the fat tissue of pigs. By examining the impact of breed and oil content in feed, it was found that chemical parameters (fat, water, protein, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids) show statistically significant variation under the influence of these factors. The highest fat content (89.39%), which is essential for conversion of fat into biodiesel, was found in back adipose tissue of mangalitsa breed, while the lowest fat content (86.10%) was found in the back fat tissue of meaty breeds and their crosses. Favorable ratio of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids (37.92% : 62.07%), on which some physical properties of the fuel depend, was found in the back fat tissue of pigs that were fed with feed enriched with oil, and the largest proportion of saturated fatty acids, i.e. the most unfavorable fatty acid composition (40.90% : 59.09%) was found in the back fat tissues of pigs that were fed with feed unenriched with oil. The lowest content of saturated fatty acids and water (7.44%), as the key factors that determine the cetane number of the fuel and the fuel production process, indicates that the most suitable raw material for the production of biodiesel is the fat tissue of pigs that were fed with food that contained a certain amount of oil.

POWER RATE LAW BASED CHEMICAL KINETICS AND THERMODYNAMIC MODELING OF AFRICAN PEAR SEED OIL CONSECUTIVE IRREVERSIBLE BASE METHANOLYSIS FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
C. Esonye ◽  
O. D Onukwuli ◽  
S. O. Momoh
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Rate Determining Step ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
African Pear ◽  
Kinetics And Thermodynamic

Currently the major challenge of biodiesel application as a replacement to petrodiesel is its industrial production sustainability.Consequently, the successful scale-up of laboratory results in transesterification requires so much information obtained through chemical kinetics.This paper presents the kinetics and thermodynamic study of alkali-homogeneous irreversible methanolysis of seed oil derived from African pear. The transesterification process was carried out from 0-100 minutes at temperature range of 55-65°C. The reaction mixture compositions were ascertained using gas chromatography- flame ionization detector (GC-FID) technique. Rate constants of the triglyceride (Tg), diglycerides (Dg) and monoglycerides(Mg) hydrolysis were in the range of 0.0140- 0.07810 wt%/min and increased with increase in temperature. The rate of reaction was found to increase with increase in temperature. Activation energies were found to be 6.14, 20.01 and 28.5kcal/mol at 55, 60 and 65oC respectively. Tg hydrolysis to Dg was observed asthe rate determining step while the reaction agreed with second order principles. A biodiesel yield of 93.02% was obtained with cloud point of 10°C , flash point of 125°C , pour point of 4°C , calorific value of 34.4MJ/kg, and cetane number of 54.90 which satisfy EN14214 and ASTM D 6751 standards. Results presented in this report would serve as idealized conditions for industrial scale up of biodiesel production from African pear seed oil. Keywords:Kinetics; methanolysis; rate constants; activation energy; African pear seed oil; biodiesel

Sonneratia apetala seed oil attenuates potassium oxonate/hypoxanthine-induced hyperuricemia and renal injury in mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinfen Chen ◽  
Lie-Qiang Xu ◽  
Linyun Jiang ◽  
Yulin Wu ◽  
Long Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Sonneratia Apetala ◽  
Potassium Oxonate

Sonneratia apetala seeds are considered as prospective nutraceuticals with high content of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) which are mainly distributed in the oil. It is well-known that UFAs could exhibit...

scholarly journals Effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilization on the production and quality of oil in Jatropha curcas L. under the dry and warm climate conditions of Colombia

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Montenegro R. ◽  
Stanislav Magnitskiy ◽  
Martha C. Henao T.
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Oil Composition

This study was conducted to assess fruit and seed yield, oil content and oil composition of Jatropha curcas fertilized with different doses of nitrogen and potassium in Espinal (Tolima, Colombia). The yields ranged from 4,570 to 8,800 kg ha-1 of fruits and from 2,430 to 4,746 kg ha-1 of seeds. These yields showed that the fertilizer dose of 150 kg ha-1 N + 120 kg ha-1K increased fruit production by 92% and seed production by 95%, which represents an increase of about 100% in oil production, which increased from 947 to 1,900 kg ha-1. The total oil content in the seeds ranged from 38.7 to 40.1% (w/w) with a high content of the unsaturated fatty acids oleic (> 47%) and linoleic acid (> 29%). The highest content of oleic acid in the seed oil was from the unfertilized control plants and plants with an application of 100 kg ha-1 of N and 60 kg ha-1 of K, with an average of 48%. The lowest content of oleic acid was registered when a low dose of nitrogen and a high level of potassium were applied at a ratio of 1:2.4 and doses of 50 kg ha-1 N + 120 kg ha-1 K, respectively. Low contents of the saturated fatty acids palmitic (13.4%) and stearic (7.26%) were obtained, making this oil suitable for biodiesel production. The nitrogen was a more important nutrient for the production and quality of oil in J. curcas than potassium under the studied conditions of soil and climate.

scholarly journals Chemical Properties and Fatty Acid Composition of Palado Seed Oil (Aglaia sp) Extracted Using Chloroform Solvent

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Syamsul RAHMAN ◽  
Salengke Salengke ◽  
Abu Bakar TAWALI ◽  
Meta MAHENDRADATTA
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Food Ingredients

Palado (Aglaia sp) is a plant that grows wild in the forest around Mamuju regency of West Sulawesi, Indonesia. This plant is locally known as palado. Palado seeds (Aglaia sp) can be used as a source of vegetable oil because it contains approximately 14.75 % oil, and it has the potential to be used as food ingredients or as raw material for oil production. The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical properties and the composition of fatty acids contained in palado seed oil (Aglaia sp). The employed method involved the use of palado fruit that had been processed to be palado seed and undergoing flouring process. Palado flour was produced by the extraction process by using chloroform solvent with the soxhlet method. The characteristics of the chemical properties in the oil produced were analyzed by using a standard method, including iodine, saponification, and acid values. The analysis of fatty acid composition was conducted by using gas chromatography. The results showed that palado oil extracted with hexane had an iodine value of 15.38 mg/g, saponification value of 190.01 mg KOH/g, and acids value of 1.961 mg KOH/g. The fatty acid composition of the palado seed oil consisted of saturated fatty acids (41.601 %), which included palmitic acid (41.062 %), myristic acid (0.539 %), and unsaturated fatty acids (45.949 %), which included mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) such as (22.929 %), oleic acid and poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), which was linoleic acid (23.020 %).

scholarly journals The Effect of Dietary Cyclopropene Fatty Acids on the Structure of New-Laid and Stored Hens' Eggs: An Optical and Electron Microscope Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M Bain ◽  
Janice M Hall
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Sterculic Acid ◽  
Structural Differences ◽  
Cyclopropene Fatty Acids ◽  
Storage Disorders

Two storage disorders, "pink white" and "pasty yolk" are known to develop in eggs from hens with cyclopropene fatty acids (e.g. malvalic and sterculic acid) in their diet. The pink white condition is related to increased diffusion processes in the egg during storage. The pasty yolk condition is related to an increase in the proportion of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in the yolk. The change in texture becomes evident during storage at normal temperature, but can be induced quickly in any affected egg, even when new-laid, by low temperature. The present investigations were carried out to see if the development of these defects could be related to any structural differences detectable in eggs from hens fed a cyclopropene compound.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document