Impacts of Host Trees and Sowing Conditions on Germination Success and a Simple Ex Situ Approach to Generate Symbiotic Seedlings of a Rare Epiphytic Orchid Endemic to Hainan Island, China

AbstractKnown-locality samples of Geoemyda spengleri from three Chinese provinces (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan) and northern Vietnam provide clear evidence for phylogeographic structure in a southern Chinese chelonian species. Within southern China two clades of mitochondrial haplotypes from east and west of the Xi Jiang together form the sister group to haplotypes from northern Vietnam. Turtles from Hainan Island harbour haplotypes of the same clade as turtles from Guangxi, 400 km distant. These findings suggest that phylogeographic differentiation may have once existed in other co-distributed, highly endangered chelonian species. The possibility of phylogeographic structure should be considered in any in-situ and ex-situ conservation program for Chinese chelonians.

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Bark water storage capacity influences epiphytic orchid preference for host trees

American Journal of Botany ◽

10.1002/ajb2.1470 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 107 (5) ◽

pp. 726-734

Author(s):

Angel M. Zarate‐García ◽

Eliana Noguera‐Savelli ◽

Silvia B. Andrade‐Canto ◽

Hilda A. Zavaleta‐Mancera ◽

Adrien Gauthier ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Storage Capacity ◽

Water Storage ◽

Water Storage Capacity ◽

Epiphytic Orchid ◽

Host Trees

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Seeds of the threatened dry rainforest tree Cadellia pentastylis (Surianaceae) are non-dormant

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258521000301 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1-5

Author(s):

Nathan J. Emery ◽

Justin C. Collette

Keyword(s):

Heat Shock ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Physical Dormancy ◽

Palisade Cell ◽

Physiological Dormancy ◽

Germination Success ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

Insect Predation ◽

Smoke Water

Abstract Cadellia pentastylis (Surianaceae) is an Australian endemic threatened rainforest tree. Irregular flowering and fruiting events coupled with high rates of infertility and insect predation has meant that seed testing has not been possible for this species. Seeds were opportunistically collected from a wild population in early 2021, which allowed for the first germination tests to be conducted. In this study, the presence of physical dormancy was examined by performing an imbibition test using scarified and non-scarified seeds. We also investigated whether a 5-min heat shock treatment at temperatures ranging from 60 to 120°C improved germination success. The presence of physiological dormancy was also examined by recording germination success following a gibberellic acid or smoke-water pre-treatment. Both scarified and non-scarified seeds readily imbibed water over a 72-h period, and several seeds had germinated in both treatments after 48 h. Final germination proportion and t50 following a heat shock, gibberellic acid or smoke-water pre-treatment did not significantly differ from the controls. We conclude that C. pentastylis seeds are non-dormant. Although a palisade cell layer has been reported in the endocarp, our results suggest that this layer may not be sufficiently formed to restrict germination. We recommend that seeds are collected from populations following dispersal and propagated shortly after or stored as conservation collections in ex situ Seedbanks.

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Conservation status of the unique population of Wenchengia alternifolia, an enigmatic plant endemic to Hainan Island, China

Oryx ◽

10.1017/s0030605313001373 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 354-357 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Bo Li ◽

Zhiyong Zhang ◽

Dianxiang Zhang

Keyword(s):

Plant Species ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Hainan Island ◽

Iucn Red List ◽

Red List ◽

Critically Endangered ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Field Surveys ◽

Remnant Population

AbstractWenchengia alternifolia (Lamiaceae) is a plant species endemic to Hainan Island, China. Since the 1930s it was known from only four collections and was believed to be extinct until a remnant population was rediscovered in 2010. We conducted further field surveys during 2010–2012 but located only one population, with 66 individuals. W. alternifolia is restricted to the c. 1,500 m2 Shuangximu Valley, in a harsh microenvironment surrounded by plantations. As the population comprises < 50 mature individuals, we propose that W. alternifolia be categorized as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List, based on criterion D. We recommend that the remnant population and its habitat need urgent protection and monitoring and that ex situ conservation, for future reintroduction, should be implemented.

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The role of shaded cocoa plantations in the maintenance of epiphytic orchids and their interactions with phorophytes

Journal of Plant Ecology ◽

10.1093/jpe/rtz052 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 27-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jonas Morales-Linares ◽

José G García-Franco ◽

Alejandro Flores-Palacios ◽

Thorsten Krömer ◽

Tarin Toledo-Aceves

Keyword(s):

Interaction Network ◽

Natural Forests ◽

Orchid Species ◽

Epiphytic Orchids ◽

Epiphytic Orchid ◽

Host Trees ◽

True Diversity ◽

Nested Structure ◽

Cam Species

Abstract Aims Habitat loss and fragmentation are the main threats to biodiversity in tropical forests. Agroecosystems such as shaded cocoa plantations (SCP) provide refuge for tropical forest biota. However, it is poorly known whether the interspecific ecological interactions are also maintained in these transformed habitats. We evaluated the diversity, reproductive status and photosynthetic metabolism (CAM or C3) of the epiphytic orchid community, and their interactions with host trees (phorophytes) in SCP compared to tropical rainforest (TRF). Methods In southeastern Mexico, three sites each in TRF and SCP were studied, with four 400 m2 plots established at each site to record all orchids and their phorophytes. We determined the reproductive (adult) or non-reproductive (juvenile) status of each orchid individual in relation to the presence or absence, respectively, of flowers/fruits (or remnants), and assigned the photosynthetic pathway of each orchid species based in literature. We used true diversity and ecological networks approaches to analyze orchid diversity and orchid–phorophyte interactions, respectively. Important Findings In total, 607 individuals belonging to 47 orchid species were recorded. Orchid diversity was higher in TRF (19 effective species) than in SCP (11 effective species) and only seven species were shared between the two habitats. CAM orchid species were more frequent in SCP (53%) than in TRF (14%). At the community level the proportion of non-reproductive and reproductive orchid species and the nested structure and specialization level of the TRF orchid–phorophyte network were maintained in SCP. However, only a subset of TRF epiphytic orchids remains in SCP, highlighting the importance of protecting TRF. Despite this difference, shaded agroecosystems such as SCP can maintain some of the diversity and functions of natural forests, since the SCP epiphytic orchid community, mainly composed of CAM species, and its phorophytes constitute a nested interaction network, which would confer robustness to disturbances.

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Conservation seed physiology of the ciénega endemic, Eryngium sparganophyllum (Apiaceae)

Conservation Physiology ◽

10.1093/conphys/coaa017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dustin Wolkis ◽

Steve Blackwell ◽

Shyla Kaninaualiʻi Villanueva

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Ex Situ Conservation ◽

Seed Storage ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Ex Situ ◽

Morphophysiological Dormancy ◽

Germination Success ◽

Ratio Change ◽

Equilibrium Relative Humidity

Abstract Knowledge of seed dormancy and optimal propagation techniques is crucial for successful ex situ restoration and reintroduction projects, and determining the seed storage behaviour of a species is critical for the long-term conservation of seeds, further supporting future ex situ efforts. Eryngium sparganophyllum (Apiaceae) is a globally critically endangered plant species endemic to ciénega wetlands of southwest North America. To support in situ and ex situ conservation efforts of E. sparganophyllum, we asked (i) how does the embryo: seed (E:S) ratio change over time once imbibed, (ii) how does germination respond with varying periods of exposure to cold (5°C) and warm (25°C) stratification, and concentrations of gibberellic acid (GA3). By answering these questions, (iii) can dormancy class be inferred, and (iv) what storage behaviour category is exhibited? To answer these questions, we collected seeds in Southern Arizona from one of the few remaining wild populations. We measured embryo growth and tested the effects of cold (0–18 weeks) and warm (0 and 4 weeks) stratification, and 0–1000 ppm gibberellic acid on germination. We also tested the effects of cold (−80°C) dry (~20% equilibrium relative humidity) storage on germination. We found that (i) embryos grow inside seeds prior to germination; (ii) compared to control, cold stratification for at least 6 weeks increased germination and warm stratification had no effect; (iii) 1000-ppm GA3 had the highest germination success; (iv) therefore this species exhibits morphophysiological dormancy; and (v) seeds are orthodox and can therefore be conserved using conventional storage methods. This information will aid managers in the propagation of E. sparganophyllum that is crucial for in situ reintroduction and restoration projects, and seed banking represents a critical ex situ conservation strategy for the preservation of this species.

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Effects of tree density and the topography of the sites of host trees on epiphytic orchid communities on Schima wallichii in a forest in West Java, Indonesia

Acta Oecologica ◽

10.1016/j.actao.2021.103739 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 111 ◽

pp. 103739

Author(s):

Indra Fardhani ◽

Takeshi Torimaru ◽

Hiromitsu Kisanuki

Keyword(s):

Tree Density ◽

West Java ◽

Epiphytic Orchid ◽

Host Trees ◽

Schima Wallichii

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Epiphytic Orchid Inventory and The Host In Bantarbolang Nature Reserve - Central Java

BioEksakta : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi Unsoed ◽

10.20884/1.bioe.2020.2.1.1830 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 62

Author(s):

Rahmi Mutia Mawardi ◽

Wiwik Herawati ◽

Pudji Widodo

Keyword(s):

Surface Texture ◽

Research Method ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Common Species ◽

Orchid Species ◽

Epiphytic Orchid ◽

Central Java ◽

Host Trees ◽

Central Java Province

Bantarbolang Nature Reserve is located in the northern part of Central Java Province. The study aiming to verify the plant species of epiphytic orchids and the host tree in the area of Bantarbolang Nature Reserve was conducted in February to April 2019. The research method used in the research was explorative methods. Data were analyzed descriptively. It was recorded that there were 5 epiphytic orchid species, i.e. Rhynchostylis retusa, Aerides odorata, Cymbidium bicolor, Dendrobium crumenatum and Ascocentrum miniatum. The number of orchids found was 148 individuals, the most common species was Rhynchostylis retusa. The host trees are teak (Tectona grandis), putat (Barringtonia acutangula), bulu (Ficus annulata) and bungur (Lagerstroemia speciosa) with characteristics of hard stems, cracked surface texture, rough, mossy and not easy to peel.

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KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KELIMPAHAN ANGGREK EPIFIT DI KAKI GUNUNG LIANGPRAN, KALIMANTAN TIMUR

BERITA BIOLOGI ◽

10.14203/beritabiologi.v18i3.3709 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Surianto Effendi ◽

Nunik Sri Ariyanti ◽

Tatik Chikmawati

Keyword(s):

River Estuary ◽

Host Tree ◽

Conservation Area ◽

Epiphytic Orchids ◽

Epiphytic Orchid ◽

Host Trees ◽

Zone Ii ◽

Study Sites ◽

High Diversity ◽

Tree Characteristics

Liangpran Mountain is located within the Heart of Borneo (HoB) Conservation Area which has high biodiversity. The exploration of orchids has been carried out in several locations in the HoB region and recorded a high diversity of wild orchid. This research was conducted to explore and inventory the orchids from the foothill of Mount Liangpran, and record the diversity and abundance of epiphytic orchids in the study sites. This research was carried out by making track of exploration along the Nuyung river estuary to the Tebing Lapah. The richness and abundance data were collected in three plot of 1000 x 20 m. The host tree characteristics and distribution of epiphytic orchid on the host tree were recorded. Fourteen species orchids were collected, and the most dominant are Coelogyne asperata and Agrostophyllum stipulatum with an abundance of 23.53% each. The epiphytic orchids in host trees are spread from the zone II to V based on the Johansson’s sections, in which zone IV is the most diverse. Nine species of the host trees associated with the collected orchids were identified and grouped into five families. The characters of host trees are 7–57 m height,12–112 cm diameters, and 2 types of bark surfaces (rough and intermediate).

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Diversity of Epiphytic Orchids, Hoya, Dischidia and Phorophytes (Host Trees) in Bawean Island Nature Reserve and Wildlife Reserve, East Java, Indonesia

Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology ◽

10.22146/jtbb.53795 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

Trimanto Trimanto ◽

Setyawan Agung Danarto

Keyword(s):

Nature Reserve ◽

Tectona Grandis ◽

Small Island ◽

Epiphytic Orchids ◽

Epiphytic Orchid ◽

Host Trees ◽

On This Island ◽

Epiphytic Plant ◽

Cymbidium Aloifolium ◽

Wildlife Reserve

Bawean Island is a small island located between two islands (Java and Borneo). Geographically, the diversity of plants, especially epiphytic plants on this island is very interesting to be studied. This research aims to investigate the diversity of epiphytic plants, focussing on epiphytic orchids, Hoya and Dischidia in Bawean Island Nature Reserve and Wildlife Reserve. It was conducted through an inventory of epiphytic orchids and hoya growing on host trees. The results showed there were 10 species of epiphytic orchid and 3 species of epiphytic Hoya, and 1 species of Dischidia growing on-location studies. The epiphytic orchids which found in location studies included Phalaenopsis amabilis, Aerides odorata, Cymbidium aloifolium, Dendrobium anosmum, Rhynchostylis retusa, Liparis condylobulbon, Taeniophyllum biocellatum, Cymbidium sp., Eria sp. Orchid species that most often found in the study location was Phalaenopsis amabilis. In addition, this study recorded Taeniophyllum biocellatum as an endemic orchid from Java that was found on this island. The epiphytic Hoya recorded in there, i.e. Hoya diversifolia, H. verticillata, and H. amoena, and also only found 1 species of Dischidia was Dischidia imbricata. There were 12 species of trees as the host trees of epiphytic, i.e. Irvingia malayana, Tectona grandis, Diospyros buxyfolius were the host trees frequently found as the host of the epiphytic plant. Zone 3 as an area of 1/3 basal part of a total length of the branches was the most preferred zone by epiphytic orchids and hoya. The epiphytic orchid and hoya hardly found in Zone 5.

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