scholarly journals Transcriptional Profiling of Rice Leaves Undergoing a Hypersensitive Response Like Reaction Induced by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Cellulase

Rice ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopaljee Jha ◽  
Hitendra Kumar Patel ◽  
Madhumita Dasgupta ◽  
Ramesh Palaparthi ◽  
Ramesh V. Sonti
Keyword(s):  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Rice Leaves

scholarly journals Identification of Two Novelhrp-Associated Genes in the hrp Gene Cluster ofXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (7) ◽  
pp. 1844-1853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguang Zhu ◽  
Mark M. MaGbanua ◽  
Frank F. White
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Insertion Element ◽  
Nonhost Plant ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Glycine Rich Protein

ABSTRACT We have cloned a hrp gene cluster fromXanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Bacteria with mutations in the hrp region have reduced growth in rice leaves and lose the ability to elicit a hypersensitive response (HR) on the appropriate resistant cultivars of rice and the nonhost plant tomato. A 12,165-bp portion of nucleotide sequence from the presumed left end and extending through the hrpB operon was determined. The region was most similar to hrp genes from Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria and Ralstonia solanacearum. Two new hrp-associated loci, namedhpa1 and hpa2, were located beyond thehrpA operon. The hpa1 gene encoded a 13-kDa glycine-rich protein with a composition similar to those of harpins and PopA. The product of hpa2 was similar to lysozyme-like proteins. Perfect PIP boxes were present in the hrpB andhpa1 operons, while a variant PIP box was located upstream of hpa2. A strain with a deletion encompassinghpa1 and hpa2 had reduced pathogenicity and elicited a weak HR on nonhost and resistant host plants. Experiments using single mutations in hpa1 and hpa2indicated that the loss of hpa1 was the principal cause of the reduced pathogenicity of the deletion strain. A 1,519-bp insertion element was located immediately downstream of hpa2. Hybridization with hpa2 indicated that the gene was present in all of the strains of Xanthomonas examined. Hybridization experiments with hpa1 and IS1114indicated that these sequences were detectable in all strains ofX. oryzae pv. oryzae and some other Xanthomonasspecies.

scholarly journals Rice Leaf Transcriptional Profiling Suggests a Functional Interplay Between Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Lipopolysaccharide and Extracellular Polysaccharide in Modulation of Defense Responses During Infection

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Madhusoodana Girija ◽  
Bipin Kumar Kinathi ◽  
Mylavarapu B. Madhavi ◽  
Palaparthi Ramesh ◽  
Sridivya Vungarala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Deficient Mutant ◽  
Transcriptional Responses ◽  
Callose Deposition ◽  
O Antigen ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Regulated Functions

Treatment of rice leaves with isolated Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces the production of callose deposits, reactive oxygen species, and enhanced resistance against subsequent bacterial infection. Expression profiling of X. oryzae pv. oryzae LPS-treated rice (Oryza sativa subsp. indica) leaves showed that genes involved in the biosynthetic pathways for lignins, phenylpropanoids, chorismate, phenylalanine, salicylic acid, and ethylene, as well as a number of pathogenesis-related proteins are up-regulated. Gene ontology categories like cell-wall organization, defense response, stress response, and protein phosphorylation/kinases were found to be upregulated, while genes involved in photosynthesis were down-regulated. Coinfiltration with xanthan gum, the xanthomonas extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), suppressed LPS-induced callose deposition. Gene expression analysis of rice leaves that are treated with an EPS-deficient mutant of X. oryzae pv. oryzae indicated that a number of defense-regulated functions are up-regulated during infection. These transcriptional responses are attenuated in rice leaves treated with an EPS-deficient mutant that is also deficient in the O-antigen component of LPS. Overall, these results suggest that the O-antigen component of X. oryzae pv. oryzae LPS induces rice defense responses during infection and that these are suppressed by bacterial EPS.

scholarly journals Identification of Bacterial Diseases in Rice Plants Leaves by the Use of Spectroscopic Imaging

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mama Sangare ◽  
C. Tekete ◽  
O. K. Bagui ◽  
A. Ba ◽  
J. T. Zoueu
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Bacterial Wilt ◽  
Spectral Region ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
The World ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Statistical Analysis Methods

<p class="1Body">Rice is staple in the African habitats menu. Bacterial wilt (BLB) and leaf streak (BLS) are some of the phytopathological diseases which restrain rice production around the world. In this paper, multi-spectral and multi-modal imaging techniques have been developed to characterize the rice leaves with symptoms of bacterial wilt (BLB) and leaf streak (BLS), and to provide information on their effects, in order to reduce their spread. First, we recorded microscopic and spectroscopic images of the samples using multimodal and multispectral microscope, with spectral region ranging from UV to NIR, for each mode. Then, we extracted the spectral footprints of the cells constituents, in transmission, reflection and scattering from the spectral images. Applying multivariate statistical analysis methods to this optical spectra allowed us to characterize the effect of bacterial rice leaves caused by <em>Xanthomonas oryzae</em> strains. The results of the proposed technique can be useful for easy identification of this type of infection, and can serve as routine approach in biochemical and agronomic laboratories.</p>

scholarly journals Komposisi dan Sebaran Patotipe Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, Penyakit pada Padi di Nusa Tenggara Barat

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Sudir Sudir ◽  
Dini Yuliani ◽  
Lalu Wirajaswadi
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Rice Crop ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Blight ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Rice Leaf ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Differential Varieties ◽  
Planting Season ◽  
Screen House

<p>A study was carried out to identify the composition and distribution of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) pathotypes on rice crop in West Nusa Tenggara, during the 2012 planting season. Three activities were conducted, namely collection of rice leaf samples from the fields, isolation of Xoo from the leaf samples at the laboratory, and testing pathotypes of Xoo at the screen house. Rice leaves showing typical bacterial leaf blight (BLB) symptom were collected from various farmers’ fields. The samples were detached and put into paper envelopes, and were taken to the laboratory for isolation of Xoo, at the Laboratory of Pythopathology of Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR), Sukamandi. Pathotype testing was done in the ICRR screen house by inoculating the leaves of five differential rice varieties using inocula of the Xoo isolates. Resistance of the rice differential varieties was determined based on the BLB disease severity. Inoculated plant with disease severity ≤11% was considered resistant (R) and disease severity &gt;11% was susceptible (S). From the 240 samples of rice leaf infected with BLB collected from West Nusa Tenggara, 232 Xoo isolates were obtained. The Xoo pathotype identification showed that pathotype IV was the most dominant in West Nusa Tenggara during the 2012 planting season, numbering 118 isolates or 51.0% out of the total isolates, followed by pathotype VIII (67 isolates or 29.0%), and pathotype III (47 isolates or 20.0%).</p>

Effects of Herbicides on Diseases of Rice (Oryza sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Inderawati ◽  
R. Heitefuss
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Direct Action ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Commercial Formulation ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Rice Leaves

Seven herbicides were tested for their effect on growth of Pyricularia oryzae Cavara, Hypochnus sasakii Shirai, and Xanthomonas oryzae Uyeda & Ishiyama Dowson on agar media and for subsequent influence on disease intensity on rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) in the greenhouse. The herbicides studied were: propanil 3′,4′-dichloro-propionanilide), NTN 5$006 [O-(2-nitro-4-methylphenyl)-O-ethyl-N-isopropyl-phosphor-amidothioate], simetryn [2,4-bis(ethylamino)-6-)methylthio)-s-triazine], terbutryn [2-(tert-butylamino)-4-(ethylamino)-6-(methylthio)-s-triazine], nitrofen (2,4-dichlorophenyl-p-nitrophenyl ether), molinate (S-ethyl hexahydro-1H-azepine-1-carbothioate), and aglypt (4-amino-3-methylthio-6-phenyl-1,2,4-triazine-5-on). The growth of P. oryzae, H. sasakii and X. oryzae on culture media containing 10 μg/ml commercial formulation of propanil was reduced to approximately 50% of the control. The other herbicides tested were less effective. Differences in disease severity produced on rice plants treated with the previously mentioned herbicides were in agreement with the results obtained by the culture method. The effect of simetryn and nitrofen on disease severity was stronger than expected from the small direct action on the pathogen in culture. It is suggested that the influence of these two compounds on the disease intensity is due to their effect on the host plant rather than the pathogen directly. Propanil was effective only if applied immediately or up to 1 day before inoculation, indicating that this herbicide is degraded on or within the rice leaves.

scholarly journals XA21-specific induction of stress-related genes following Xanthomonas infection of detached rice leaves

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas C Thomas ◽  
Benjamin Schwessinger ◽  
Furong Liu ◽  
Huamin Chen ◽  
Tong Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Reliable Method ◽  
Bacterial Pathogen ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Receptor Kinase ◽  
Detached Leaf ◽  
Leaf Infection ◽  
Specific Induction ◽  
Rice Leaves ◽  
Stress Related Genes

The rice XA21 receptor kinase confers robust resistance to the bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo). We developed a detached leaf infection assay to quickly and reliably measure activation of the XA21-mediated immune response using genetic markers. We used RNA sequencing of elf18 treated EFR:XA21:GFP plants to identify candidate genes that could serve as markers for XA21 activation. From this analysis we identified 8 genes that are up-regulated in both in elf18 treated EFR:XA21:GFP rice leaves and Xoo infected XA21 rice leaves. These results provide a rapid and reliable method to assess bacterial-rice interactions.

scholarly journals Cloning of the rice Xo1 resistance gene and interaction of the Xo1 protein with the defense-suppressing Xanthomonas effector Tal2h

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew C. Read ◽  
Mathilde Hutin ◽  
Matthew J. Moscou ◽  
Fabio C. Rinaldi ◽  
Adam J. Bogdanove
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Susceptible Variety ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
Transcription Activator ◽  
Rice Leaves

AbstractThe Xo1 locus in the heirloom rice variety Carolina Gold Select confers resistance to bacterial leaf streak and bacterial blight, caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pvs. oryzicola and oryzae, respectively. Resistance is triggered by pathogen-delivered transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) independent of their ability to activate transcription, and is suppressed by variants called truncTALEs common among Asian strains. By transformation of the susceptible variety Nipponbare, we show that one of 14 nucleotide-binding, leucine-rich repeat (NLR) protein genes at the locus, with a zfBED domain, is the Xo1 gene. Analyses of published transcriptomes revealed that the Xo1-mediated response is similar to those of NLR resistance genes Pia and Rxo1 and distinct from that associated with induction of the executor resistance gene Xa23, and that a truncTALE dampens or abolishes activation of defense-associated genes by Xo1. In Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, fluorescently-tagged Xo1 protein, like TALEs and truncTALEs, localized to the nucleus. And, endogenous Xo1 specifically co-immunoprecipitated from rice leaves with a pathogen-delivered, epitope-tagged truncTALE. These observations suggest that suppression of Xo1-function by truncTALEs occurs through direct or indirect physical interaction. They further suggest that effector co-immunoprecipitation may be effective for identifying or characterizing other resistance genes.

Expression of Tubby-like Proteins in Rice Leaves and During Interactions Between Rice and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-533
Author(s):  
Wei Jian ◽  
Li Liyun ◽  
Cao Yinghao ◽  
Liu Yumeng ◽  
Gong Xiaodong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Rice Leaves

scholarly journals Elucidation of the hrp Clusters of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola That Control the Hypersensitive Response in Nonhost Tobacco and Pathogenicity in Susceptible Host Rice

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 6212-6224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li-fang Zou ◽  
Xing-ping Wang ◽  
Yong Xiang ◽  
Bing Zhang ◽  
Yu-Rong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hypersensitive Response ◽  
Inducible Promoter ◽  
Xanthomonas Oryzae ◽  
Complementation Test ◽  
Bacterial Leaf Streak ◽  
Rice Seedlings ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
The Core ◽  
Cluster A ◽  
Regulatory Cluster

ABSTRACT Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, the cause of bacterial leaf streak in rice, possesses clusters of hrp genes that determine its ability to elicit a hypersensitive response (HR) in nonhost tobacco and pathogenicity in host rice. A 27-kb region of the genome of X. oryzae pv. oryzicola (RS105) was identified and sequenced, revealing 10 hrp, 9 hrc (hrp conserved), and 8 hpa (hrp-associated) genes and 7 regulatory plant-inducible promoter boxes. While the region from hpa2 to hpaB and the hrpF operon resembled the corresponding genes of other xanthomonads, the hpaB-hrpF region incorporated an hrpE3 gene that was not present in X. oryzae pv. oryzae. We found that an hrpF mutant had lost the ability to elicit the HR in tobacco and pathogenicity in adult rice plants but still caused water-soaking symptoms in rice seedlings and that Hpa1 is an HR elicitor in nonhost tobacco whose expression is controlled by an hrp regulator, HrpX. Using an Hrp phenotype complementation test, we identified a small hrp cluster containing the hrpG and hrpX regulatory genes, which is separated from the core hrp cluster. In addition, we identified a gene, prhA (plant-regulated hrp), that played a key role in the Hrp phenotype of X. oryzae pv. oryzicola but was neither in the core hrp cluster nor in the hrp regulatory cluster. A prhA mutant failed to reduce the HR in tobacco and pathogenicity in rice but caused water-soaking symptoms in rice. This is the first report that X. oryzae pv. oryzicola possesses three separate DNA regions for HR induction in nonhost tobacco and pathogenicity in host rice, which will provide a fundamental base to understand pathogenicity determinants of X. oryzae pv. oryzicola compared with those of X. oryzae pv. oryzae.

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