scholarly journals The Cost of Living with Inherited Ataxia in Ireland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Kelly ◽  
Petya Bogdanova-Mihaylova ◽  
Joshua Skeens ◽  
Sharon Moran ◽  
Sorcha Farrelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Resource Utilisation ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
The Cost

AbstractInherited ataxias are a heterogenous group of neurodegenerative disorders characterised by progressive impairment of balance and coordination, typically leading to permanent and progressive disability. Diagnosis and management of these disorders incurs a range of direct and indirect financial costs. The aim of this study was to collect individual ataxia-related healthcare resources in a large cohort of individuals with different subtypes of inherited ataxia and calculate the associated cost of illness in the Republic of Ireland. One hundred twenty-nine respondents completed a cross-sectional study on healthcare resource utilisation for progressive ataxia in Ireland. Costs were calculated using a prevalence-based approach and bottom-up methodology. The COI for inherited ataxia in 2016 was €59,993 per person per year. Results were similar between participants with Friedreich’s ataxia (FRDA, n = 56), non-FRDA (n = 18) and those with undetermined ataxia (n = 55). Indirect costs, based on productivity losses by participants or caregivers, accounted for 52% of the cost of illness. Inherited ataxia is associated with significant health and social care costs. Further funding for inherited ataxia to ease the financial burden on patients, caregivers and healthcare system and improve standards of care compliance is warranted.

scholarly journals The affordability of prescription medicines in Australia: are copayments and safety net thresholds too high?

2013 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Searles ◽  
Evan Doran ◽  
Thomas A Faunce ◽  
David Henry
Keyword(s):  
Financial Burden ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Access To Medicines ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prescription Medicines ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
The Cost

Objective. To create and report survey-based indicators of the affordability of prescription medicines for patients in Australia. Method. A cross-sectional study of 1502 randomly selected participants in the Hunter Region of NSW, were interviewed by telephone. Main outcome measure. The self-reported financial burden of obtaining prescription medicines. Results. Data collection was completed with a response rate of 59.0%. Participants who had received and filled at least one prescription medicine in the previous 3 months, and eligible for analysis (n=952), were asked to self-report the level of financial burden from obtaining these medicines. Extreme and heavy financial burdens were reported by 2.1% and 6.8% of participants, respectively. A moderate level of burden was experienced by a further 19.5%. Low burden was recorded for participants who said that their prescription medicines presented either a slight burden (29.0%) or were no burden at all (42.6%). Conclusion. A substantial minority of participants who had obtained prescription medicines in the 3 months prior to survey experienced a level of financial burden from the cost of these medicines that was reported as being moderate to extreme. What is known about the topic? The Australian National Medicines Policy aims to, amongst other things, facilitate access to medicines at a cost that is affordable to individuals and the community. Copayments combined with the safety net and brand price premium are the main determinants of the amount that patients pay for PBS listed prescription medicines. Previous surveys have reported on selected aspects of medicine affordability in Australia and have shown some groups in the population experience difficulty with the cost of their medicines. What does this paper add? This paper develops and reports on a set of indicators that can be used to periodically measure the level of self-reported financial burden experienced by Australians when obtaining prescription medicines. The analysis assesses affordability issues for both general patients and patients who are able to access prescription medicines using a concession card. What are the implications? Our research suggests that, as they stand, the copayment and safety net thresholds are not protecting nearly one-third of Australian patients from financial burden. Ongoing monitoring and evaluation is required to ensure the copayment and safety net thresholds do not jeopardise the National Medicines Policy’s principle of equitable and affordable access to medicines.

scholarly journals Cost of Illness of Malaria in Coastal Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (02) ◽  
pp. 28-34
Author(s):  
Affan K ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Medical Cost ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Medical Cost ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Service Utilisation ◽  
District Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cost

Background: Malaria is one of the major health issues in developing and underdeveloped countries. It is considered to be one of the main reasons for morbidity and mortality. This study intends to estimate the cost of illness of malaria at the household level and health service utilisation pattern for malaria treatment in coastal Karnataka. Materials and Methods: It was a secondary data-based cross-sectional study comprising people suffering from malaria during the period from September to December 2016. Result: The median gross total cost of illness (a single episode of malaria) was 4,000 INR, the median direct medical cost was zero, and the median direct non-medical cost was 100 INR. The majority of individuals (92.2%) took treatment from public healthcare sectors. Conclusion: The effective implementation of anti-malarial interventions by the District Health Authority, District Vector Borne Disease Control Office, and treatment from public health sectors resulted in negligible direct medical cost which made a remarkable reduction in the cost of illness of malaria.

scholarly journals Healthcare resource utilisation for chronic kidney disease and other major non-communicable chronic diseases in China: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e051888
Author(s):  
Chao Yang ◽  
Jianyan Long ◽  
Ying Shi ◽  
Zhiye Zhou ◽  
Jinwei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Relative Risk ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Hospital Stay ◽  
Healthcare Resource ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Resource Utilisation

ObjectiveTo evaluate the healthcare resource utilisation for chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other major non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs) in China.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingA national inpatient database of tertiary hospitals in China.ParticipantsThe study included a total of 19.5 million hospitalisations of adult patients from July 2013 to June 2014. Information on CKD and other major NCDs, including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke, hypertension, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer, was extracted from the unified discharge summary form.Outcome measuresCost, length of hospital stay and in-hospital mortality.ResultsThe percentages of hospitalisations with CKD, CHD, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, COPD and cancer were 4.5%, 9.2%, 8.2%, 18.8%, 7.9%, 2.3% and 19.4%, respectively. For each major NCD, the presence of CKD was independently associated with longer hospital stay, with increased percentages ranging from 7.69% (95% CI 7.11% to 8.28%) for stroke to 21.60% (95% CI 21.09% to 22.10%) for CHD. Hospital mortality for other NCDs was also higher in the presence of CKD, with fully adjusted relative risk ranging from 1.91 (95% CI 1.82 to 1.99) for stroke to 2.65 (95% CI 2.55 to 2.75) for cancer. Compared with other NCDs, CKD was associated with the longest hospital stay (22.1% increase) and resulted in the second highest in-hospital mortality, only lower than that of cancer (relative risk, 2.23 vs 2.87, respectively).ConclusionsThe presence of diagnosed CKD alongside each major NCD was associated with an additional burden on the healthcare system. Healthcare resource utilisation and prognosis of CKD were comparable with those of other major NCDs, which highlights the importance of CKD as a major public health burden.

scholarly journals Dental Practice during COVID-19 in Nepal: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (230) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Humagain ◽  
Rashmi Humagain ◽  
Dinesh Rokaya
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Dental Practice ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Standards ◽  
Financial Burdens ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Currently, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become pandemic and spread globally. In Nepal, the number of COVID-19 is increasing day-by-day. This research was done to find out the impact of COVID-19 on dentists, patients, and dental practice in Nepal. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study conducted using an online survey from May 10 to17, 2020. A questionnaire was designed and uploaded in Freeonlinesurveys.com. Following ethical approval, the questionnaire was distributed among 500 dentists, and 406 dentists participated in the study. The survey link was dispersed to the Nepali dentists through social media and e-mail, and the results of the responses were received online. The questionnaire consisted of a total of 34 closed-ended questions containing three parts; demographic details, knowledge of dentists on COVID-19, and the impact of COVID-19 on dentists, patients, and dental treatments. Results: It showed that majority of the participants were females 243 (60%) of the age group 25-29 years with the clinic as the workplace. Patients receive dental treatments only from 40 (10%) of the dentist. A high number of dentists: 284 (70%) were severely affected by the financial burden and were not receiving a salary during this lockdown. About 349(86%) of the dentist think they should do regular dental treatments, but only 101 (25%) think the dentist should do only dental emergency treatments for COVID-19 infected cases. Conclusions: Dentists, patients, and dental practice are severely affected by the COVID-19.The majority of the dentists have faced financial burdens. The dental treatments should be done with high standards of care and infection control following proper recommendations.

scholarly journals Cost of Illness Study of Regular Out Patient Department Diabetic in a Low Income Country: A Cross Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-25
Author(s):  
V. Kattel ◽  
M. Subedi ◽  
Y. Agrawal ◽  
Z.S. Pall ◽  
S. Rani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Cost ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Income Country

Background: The burden of Diabetes in South Asia is alarming as the prevalence is higher compared to other region, living cost is low after Sub Saharan Africa and health care system are in state of expanding to be more accessible and adequate.   Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the direct cost of illness among diabetic patient regularly visiting at outpatient department (OPD) in BPKIHS. Methods: This was a cross sectional study done in year 2018.  142 patients with at least nine visit per year were enrolled. The direct cost were calculated from the pattern of prescription of medications and laboratory investigations carried out over a year of the individual patient. The data were tabulated and analyzed. Results: Among the 142 patients on 37.5% were in mono-therapy and 62.5% were in poly-therapy. The direct cost of illness was USD 103 per annum that includes drug and investigation cost expensed at OPD visit. The average indirect cost was USD 102 per annum including travel and food. Among 142 patient the cost of illness on inpatient due to DM was USD 85.47 per event. Conclusion: The financial burden of being a diabetic in Nepal is high. Comprehensive quality care by expansion of health system and service with nominal charges to patient seems to be one of the challenges in Nepal.

scholarly journals Cost-of-illness studies in rare diseases: a scoping review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidia García-Pérez ◽  
Renata Linertová ◽  
Cristina Valcárcel-Nazco ◽  
Manuel Posada ◽  
Inigo Gorostiza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Diseases ◽  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Resource Utilisation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Utilisation Data ◽  
Cost Of Illness Studies

Abstract Objective The aim of this scoping review was to overview the cost-of-illness studies conducted in rare diseases. Methods We searched papers published in English in PubMed from January 2007 to December 2018. We selected cost-of-illness studies on rare diseases defined as those with prevalence lower than 5 per 10,000 cases. Studies were selected by one researcher and verified by a second researcher. Methodological characteristics were extracted to develop a narrative synthesis. Results We included 63 cost-of-illness studies on 42 rare diseases conducted in 25 countries, and 9 systematic reviews. Most studies (94%) adopted a prevalence-based estimation, where the predominant design was cross-sectional with a bottom-up approach. Only four studies adopted an incidence-based estimation. Most studies used questionnaires to patients or caregivers to collect resource utilisation data (67%) although an important number of studies used databases or registries as a source of data (48%). Costs of lost productivity, non-medical costs and informal care costs were included in 68%, 60% and 43% of studies, respectively. Conclusion This review found a paucity of cost-of-illness studies in rare diseases. However, the analysis shows that the cost-of-illness studies of rare diseases are feasible, although the main issue is the lack of primary and/or aggregated data that often prevents a reliable estimation of the economic burden.

scholarly journals Estimation of the incidence of genital warts and the cost of illness in Germany: A cross-sectional study

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hillemanns ◽  
J Gabrielle Breugelmans ◽  
Friederike Gieseking ◽  
Stève Bénard ◽  
Emilie Lamure ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Of Illness ◽  
Genital Warts ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cost

scholarly journals Stress and Financial Burden Faced by Dentists Amidst COVID 19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 303-310
Author(s):  
Amruta Popatrao Patil ◽  
Dilip Magdum ◽  
Santosh Jadhav ◽  
Abhijeet Jadhav ◽  
Prakash Vhatkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Flow ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Dental Procedures ◽  
Media Platform ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
Saliva Contamination ◽  
The Cost

Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic, initiated in Wuhan, China, had devastating effects on the dental industry world-wide. The mode of transmission of SARS Cov-2, causative agent of Covid-19, was through aerosol and saliva contamination putting dentists at high risk of contracting Covid-19. The measures taken to contain the spread of virus had financial repercussion on the dental industry. The survey was conducted to understand the mental health of dentists amidst Covid-19 pandemic. Aim: To analyse the concerns and anxiety faced by dental surgeons regarding vaccination and the psychological and socio-economic impact Covid-19 pandemic had on dental setups. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of 3 months. A sample size of 300 dentists belonging to age group of 25years to 45years was analysed. The dentists included in the sample practiced in Maharashtra, India. A questionnaire was formulated in Google forms and circulated through social media platform. The result was analysed and demonstrated in pie-charts. Results: The survey analysed that majority of dentists were apprehensive to carry out dental procedures. Along with the risk of contracting and being a source of transmission of Covid-19, dentists had huge financial burden of clinic rents, EMI loan pending bills, the cost of preventive kits and reduced patient flow. Conclusion: The survey was successful in analysing the monetary and safety concerns faced by dentists amidst Covid-19 pandemic. The survey also pointed out the mental stress dentists had to overcome to practice dental procedures.

scholarly journals The financial burden of tuberculosis-affected households in China, 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caihong Xu ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Hemant Deepak Shewade ◽  
Jeyashree Kathiresan ◽  
Yunzhou Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Interquartile Range ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Tuberculosis Care

Abstract BackgroundDrug-susceptible pulmonary tuberculosis patients notified and treated under national tuberculosis program, ChinaMethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in six provinces in 2017 to assess the burden and distribution of health expenditure costs among tuberculosis-affected households and analyze related risk factors. The data was collected through face-to-face questionnaire survey. Intensity of financial burden was the median positive overshoot beyond a threshold that defined as annual total (direct and indirect) costs exceeding 20% of the pre-TB annual household income.ResultsOf 1147 patients, median (interquartile range) total costs due to tuberculosis care were US$965.5(461.8, 2059.3). Costs due to pre-treatment care accounted for 46.3% and direct costs accounted for 82.5% for total costs. Median (interquartile range) intensity of catastrophic costs was 32%(11%, 88%). Living below poverty line, household size less than four, employment in informal sector, receiving treatment from tuberculosis dispensary and hospitalization were independent predictors of associated with higher financial burden.ConclusionDespite free tuberculosis care services, the health expenditure due to tuberculosis were high among tuberculosis-affected households.Trial registrationThe Ethics Committee of Chinese Center of Disease Control and Prevention approved the study (No.201625, dated 22 November 2016).

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