scholarly journals Provenance and production technology of late medieval ‘Besztercebánya/Banská Bystrica–type’ high-quality stove tiles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorottya Györkös ◽  
Bernadett Bajnóczi ◽  
György Szakmány ◽  
Máté Szabó ◽  
Ralf Milke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Production Techniques ◽  
Phase And Chemical Composition ◽  
Primary Groups

AbstractA unique collection of high-quality late medieval (fifteenth–sixteenth century) glazed and unglazed stove tiles from the northern part of the Carpathian Basin is of great interest to archaeologists and art historians. It is yet to be determined if these products, which are characterised by similar features, were produced in a single workshop, perhaps in Besztercebánya/Banská Bystrica (in present-day Slovakia), or in several workshops throughout the region. The first systematic multi-analytical investigation was carried out on the ceramic body and glaze of one hundred and seventeen tile fragments from six sites (Besztercebánya/Banská Bystrica, Fülek/Fiľakovo, and Csábrág/Čabraď in Slovakia; Salgó, Eger, and Szécsény in Hungary) using polarising microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe, and Raman microspectroscopy analyses to determine the raw materials and production techniques used. Based on the petrographic characteristics, phase and chemical composition of the ceramic body, and the chemical composition and colourants of the glazes, the stove tiles can be classified into three primary groups. Tiles from different sites are different to each other, only the tiles from the Hungarian sites and from Fülek/Fiľakovo are similar. Thus, it is probable that the tiles were produced in several (at least three) workshops in the region from where they were then dispersed. The technological knowledge of the master(s) producing the polychrome Csábrág/Čabraď tiles with tin-opacified glazes was higher than that of the master(s) producing the other tiles. However, the exact location of the workshops as well as their existence through time is still in unknown.

Occurrences of kaolin in Koutaba (west Cameroon): Mineralogical and physicochemical characterization for use in ceramic products

Clay Minerals ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 593-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nkalih Mefire ◽  
A. Njoya ◽  
R. Yongue Fouateu ◽  
J.R. Mache ◽  
N.A. Tapon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Thermogravimetric Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ball Clays ◽  
Potential Use ◽  
Representative Samples

AbstractThirty clay samples collected from three hills in Koutaba (west Cameroon) were characterized in order to evaluate their potential use as raw materials for ceramics. After preliminary mineralogical identification by X-ray diffraction, three representative samples from the three different hills, referred to hereafter as K1M, K2M and K3M, were selected for further investigation by X-ray fluorescence, plasticity, granularity and thermogravimetric analysis. The main clay minerals are kaolinite (32–51%) and illite (up to 12%). Additional major phases are quartz (32–52%), goethite (6–7%) and feldspars (0–4%). The chemical composition showed variable amounts of SiO2(60–72%), Al2O3(15–20%) and Fe2O3(1–9%), in accordance with the quartz abundance in all of the samples studied. The particle-size distribution showed a large proportion of silty fraction (64–88%) with moderate sandy (9–19%) and clayey fractions ( < 5% for K2M, 12% for K1M and 20% for K3M). All of the clays showed moderate plasticity-index values (8–11%). Because of these characteristics, K1M and K3M may be suitable for use in common bricks and hollow ceramic products. Sieving or the addition of ball clays is recommended to increase the plasticity of sample K2M for use in common bricks.

scholarly journals Heat Processing and Change of Proper Indicators of Basalts

Land Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. p1
Author(s):  
Rashidova R K ◽  
Kurbanov Abdirakhim Ahmedovich ◽  
Aliyev T ◽  
Jiyanov A B ◽  
Turdieva O J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Heat Processing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Different Color ◽  
Basalt Rock

This paper presents the results of the analysis of the quality of basalts, their heat treatment and studies of changes in the chemical composition of basalts, which leads to a change in the external color of partially processed basalt raw materials (hereinafter referred to as semi-finished product). The results of a study of purified basalt from slime, impurities and hydroxides, changes in the chemical composition of basalt rock are presented. The prospects of heat treatment of a semi-finished product and obtaining multi-colored products from mineral raw materials is shown. It was found that the optimal firing temperature of the semi-finished product, the possible options for changing the external color and the criterion points of the thermal effect at which the basalt semi-finished product changes the external shade. These statements are of great scientific and practical interest in the fact that during the heat treatment of a semifinished product, basalt easily overheats and gradually acquires a different color, which occurs to a liquids temperature and allows the future to plan to obtain high-quality multi-colored products from basalts, for example, products for design.

The Oxidizing Roasting and Reducing Melting of Titaniferous and Conversion Iron Ores

2017 ◽  
Vol 371 ◽  
pp. 117-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey N. Dmitriev ◽  
G.Yu. Vitkina ◽  
R.V. Petukhov ◽  
L.A. Ovchinnikova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phase Analysis ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Pig Iron ◽  
Iron Ores ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Melting Temperatures ◽  
Conversion Iron

The chemical composition of pellets of various basicity from pig iron ore materials is described. The metallurgical characteristics (reducibility, strength, softening and melting temperatures) is analyzed. The micro X-ray diffraction phase analysis is made. Also the sinter of various basicity from titaniferous raw materials is investigated.

scholarly journals Modeling of Bohemian and Moravian glass recipes from Gothic to Baroque periods

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolína Pánová ◽  
Dana Rohanová ◽  
Simona Randáková
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Glass Batch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Dispersive System ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
Written Sources

AbstractThe Bohemian historical glasses have been neglected and have not been in focus of Archaeometric studies so far. Potassium-calcium wood ash glasses, produced in Bohemia and Moravia, from the beginning of the 14th century to the first half of the 18th century, are chemically different from the glasses produced in the same period in Western Europe. There are no written sources for glass batch recipes for Gothic (14th–1st half of 16th c.) and Renaissance (16th–17th c.) glass, while there are only few for the Baroque (end of 17th–18th c.) glass recipes. Systematically investigating the chemical composition and typology of archaeological glasses, we have chosen to reconstruct the glass recipes of potassium-calcium glasses from the three periods. In this study, the glass recipes (the ratio of the raw materials) were calculated based on the chemical composition of the historical glasses studied by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy/Energy Dispersive System (SEM/EDS). The composition of the authentic natural raw materials was studied by XRF and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD): sand or quartz pebbles, beech ash and potash, limestone, NaCl, and As2O3. Model glasses confirmed our presumption of gradual development in the Bohemian glass batch recipes, which used very simple raw materials ratios.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF MUDSTONE FORMATIΟNS AND THEIR SUITABILITY FOR CERAMICS PRODUCTION

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Α. Καστρίνάκη ◽  
Α. Τσιραμπίδης ◽  
Κ. Μιχαηλίδης ◽  
Γ. Τρώντσιος
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Quality

Mudstone formations samples from the Thessaloniki and Chalkidiki prefectures are investigated, in respect to their suitability as raw materials for the ceramic industry. In particular, the investigation concerned the determination of the mineralogical and chemical composition of the studied sample. Quartz and feldspars are the major mineralogical constituents, whereas micas, clay minerals and carbonates were detected in various amounts, follow. The samples are evaluated, concerning their suitability for ceramics production, namely majiolica, cottoforte, gre and bricks, on the basis of their chemical composition and in accordance to Si02-Al203-Fe203t, Si02 (Fe203t+K20+Na20+CaO+MgO)-(AI203+Ti02) and Fe203t-(CaO+MgO)-(K20+Na20) triangular diagrams. The general conclusion is that, most of the studied materials are unsuitable for high quality ceramics products. By contrast, some of them could be tested for the production of bricks and roofing tiles.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and medicinal potential of Oroxylumindicum:A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarvesh Kumar ◽  
Renu Chaudhary ◽  
Prashant Arya ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Payal Verma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physiological Function ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Root Bark ◽  
Oroxylin A ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Design And Manufacture

Oroxylumindicum is a night bloomer and is pollinated naturally by bats. O. indicum, is used as one of the important ingredients in most commonly used Ayurvedic preparation, named as “Dasamula”. Stem bark has anti-rheumatic properties. Bark powder infusion are diaphoretic. The Tender fruits are spasmodic carminative, and stomachic while the seeds are purgative. Root bark of sonapatha is an astringent, tonic, anti-diarrhoeal, diuretic, anodyne, and is used to cure dropsy. The Flavonoids Chrysin, oroxylin-A, Scutella in and baicalein have been found in the stem bark and leaves of this plant. This plant’s seed are said to carry ellagic acid. In the current scenario, the investigation’s scope is critical for commercializing this plant and knowing the physiological function of bioactive chemicals during the development of diverse organs. It may allow for the standardization of physiological maturity, which is necessary for getting high-quality raw materials for the design and manufacture of health-beneficial medications.

scholarly journals Analytical investigation of archaeological pottery fragments excavated from Porunthal, Tamil Nadu, India

Cerâmica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (379) ◽  
pp. 347-353
Author(s):  
G. Raja Annamalai ◽  
R. Ravisankar ◽  
A. Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Analytical Investigation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pottery Production ◽  
Technological Study ◽  
Mineral Transformations

Abstract Within the framework of a technological study of pottery production of Porunthal, Dindigul district of Tamil Nadu, India, the chemical composition and mineralogy of the 7 potteries of different varieties from that archaeological site were studied using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis-derivative thermogravimetry (TGA-DTG), and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS). The analytical data obtained from several analyses were used to determine the mineral transformations during firing, such as quartz, feldspar, and iron oxides (hematite and magnetite), firing temperature, and firing conditions. The results of all the techniques confirmed that all the samples were manufactured by the artisans locally with the same raw materials and also were fired at the same temperature.

Characterization and Assessment of Iron Ore Tailings as Raw Materials for Construction Industries

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Iron Ore ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Mineralogical Characterization ◽  
Iron Ore Tailings ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Leaching Behaviour

This chapter deals with the characterization and assessment of iron ore tailings (IOT) as raw materials for the construction industry. This chapter specifies the production process of iron ore and generation of waste material followed by listing the nature and prospective issues of IOT. Methods of IOT characterization are explained through five elements, which are chemical composition, leaching behavior, thermal stability, mineralogical characterization, and morphology. The experimental program and research results of this study are explained in six subtitles, namely chemical composition, leaching behaviour, thermal stability, x-ray diffraction pattern, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM/EDX). Results revealed that the IOT materials are suitable for use in construction and building industries due to their substantial silica and alumina contents and could possibly be used to fabricate paving blocks, sand-crete blocks, mud blocks, geopolymer bricks, and ceramic floor tiles.

Influence of Material Properties of Input Raw Materials on Microstructure of Aerated Concrete

2014 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 73-76
Author(s):  
Ester Helanová ◽  
Radek Janovský ◽  
Rostislav Drochytka
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Considerable Impact ◽  
Aerated Concrete ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Mineralogical Phases

One of the basic conditions of production of high quality products from aerated concrete is selection of appropriate input raw materials. Their material properties have crucial influence on the whole process of production of the products from aerated concrete - from behavior of fresh mix of aerated concrete through setting to development of mineralogical phases during autoclaving. Properties of input materials, in particular their chemical composition has considerable impact on the final properties of the product made from aerated concrete. This paper summarizes current knowledge from the research of microstructure of fly ash aerated concrete depending on chemical composition of the raw materials in the mix.

scholarly journals Effects of waterjet cutting waste addition on properties of building ceramics

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 04057
Author(s):  
Natalia Skanavi ◽  
Timofei Dovydenko
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Ceramic Mass ◽  
Ceramic Shard ◽  
Fluxing Agent ◽  
Flux Component ◽  
Positive Results

The purpose of the paper is to investigate the possibility of using wastes of waterjet metal cutting in the manufacture of building ceramics. A complex study of the composition and properties of the abrasive and hydroabrasive cutting wastes was carried out. The behavior of waste in the composition of the ceramic mass and the ceramic body was investigated. Positive results of the effect of addition of waste on the properties of ceramics were obtained on two types of polymineralic argillaceous raw materials: increase of strength at the optimum content of waste in the mixture, reduction of air and fire shrinkage in all compositions with waste content, possibility of varying the color of products, etc. The similarity of the chemical composition of argillaceous raw materials and wastes was established: oxides of iron, silicon and aluminum are predominant. Electron microscope research has demonstrated that the introduction of waste modifies the structure of the ceramic shard, but does not affect its uniformity. The obtained results allowed to draw conclusions about the possible use of wastes of waterjet metal cutting in the production of ceramics: as a fluxing agent – flux, component for volumetric staining, thinning agent.

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